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HARVARD UNIVERSITY

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Museum of Comparative Zoology

MAR 12 1921

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TH Er

GAN E DDE

VOL. IX.

APRIL, 1916

the- object of this magazine" is

r tomake- north america the" 5iggest

Igahe Producing Country in the World

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SETTER POINTING QUAIL IN A TREE

PUBLISHED BY

THE" GAME 1 CONSERVATION SOCIETY, Inc.

NEW YORK CITY U.S.A tT.fi }>*v,; -/s

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No. 1

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REMINGTON
UMC

orroDionoio^nonosnoa ■o:o:o:o:o:e©

i mm

Ur YERSITY

Is Shot Always SHOT?

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assured of absolutely uniform shot.

Prove the superiority of Remington UMC shot for yourself. Cut open
a Remington UMC shell and you will find that every shot pellet is of the
same size. This uniformity means a closer pattern and greater penetration —
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is largely in the grading of shot sizes that the superiority of Remington UMC
lies since the grading determines the uniformity of the product.

You will find the standard combinations of loads and
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the Red Ball Sign and ask for the Red Ball Brand.

The Remington Arms Union Metallic Cartridge Co.

WOOLWORTH BUILDING NEW YORK CITY

■0

THE GAME BREEDER

Write for a Copy
of This Book

EVERY sportsman should have a copy pleasant for many reasons. The demand for birds,

c n r>, ,-, r r>_£*„„J both from city markets and from those who wish to

of Game Farming for Front and raise game> j/ much greater than the supply> There

Pleasure. ' If you are a lover of the j s a i so a continuous call for eggs by breeders.

woods and fields and the wild game that Furthermore the birds you raise will afford you

inhabits them you will find this book of in- good sport in hunting, aud also food for your table.

tense interest and undoubted value. It is - If y° u - own ^acreage, T™ «?ay lease the pnvi-

sent free to those who write for it.

"Game Farming for Profit and Pleasure" is a
carefully edited and profusely Illustrated manual on
the breeding of game birds. It describes in detail
the habits, foods and enemies of wild turkeys, pheas-
ants, grouse, quail, wild ducks, and related species.
It tells of the best methods for rearing. It discusses
the questions of marketing and hunting.

The breeding of game birds is profitable and

lege of shooting over your land to those who will
gladly pay for it.

If you cannot raise game yourself we will try to
put you in touch with those who will raise it for
you to shoot. The more game raised, the more
good hunting there will be for you and the more
often you will enjoy game on your table.

But the book tells the whole story. You will
find it most interesting reading. Write for your
copy today. Use the coupon below.

Game Breeding Department, Room 203

HEHCULBS POWDER CO.

Wilmington, Delaware

Manufacturers of Explosives; Infallible and

'E. C." Smokeless Shotgun Powders; L. & R. Orange Extra Black Sporting Powder;
Dynamite for Farming.

Game Breeding Department, Room 203

Hercules Powder Company, Wilmington, Delaware

Gentlemen: — Please send me a copy of Game Farming for Profit and
Pleasure. I am interested in game breeding from the standpoint of

Name.

THE GAME BREEDER

Our Wild Fowl and Waders

A Practical Book on the Breeding of Wild Fowl
for Sport and for Profit

With Numerous Illustrations.

Contains chapters on the Preservation of Snipe and Woodcock.

Many readers of the Game Breeder have bred thousands of Wild Ducks
by following the instructions in this book.

DUCK BREEDING IS PROFITABLE.

PRICE, $1.50; Special Signed Edition, $2.00.

THE GAME BREEDER, 150 Nassau Street, New York

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In writing to advertisers please mention The Game Breeder or sign your letters: "Yours for More Game."

THE GAME BREEDER

Practice Up Now For The Year's Trophies

Be among the first out to pepper the speedy clay targets.
Get an "edge" on the other fellows while the season is still
young. There's no game in the world that can surpass.

TRAPSHOOTING

It's a year 'round sport, brimful of pleasure and recreation.
The flight of the wily clay discs is an ever present challenge
to your aim and gun skill and "gun bugs" are the best of
good fellows. There's a hearty welcome waiting for you at
the nearest club.

Get a (o yPDNT ) Hand Trap

It's great practice for both beginners and experts. Folds
up, goes in a hand bag and makes trapshooting possible at
any time or place. $4.00 at your dealer's. If he can't supply
you, we'll send it postpaid anywhere in the U. S. on receipt
of price.

Write for booklet, "The Sport Alluring/' 354.

E. I. Du Pont De Nemours & Company

WILMINGTON DELAWARE

When in Atlantic dtp visit the "Du Pont Store," Pennsylvania Avenue
and Boardwalk— see the big Du Pont Night Sign and try pour skill at
the Trapshooting School at the end of Young 's Million Dollar Pier.

THE GAME BREEDER

CONTENTS

Survey of the Field — All Up for Kentucky — Quail in Rhode Island — Angling in
Ice Bound Streams — Deer in Vermont — Returns from California — Much in a
Name — Who is the "Moloch " ? — A Hard New Jersey Winter.

The Silver Fox Ned Dearborn

Wallace Evans Game Farm - - - *- - - Wallace Evans

Cat Tales E. H. Forbush

The Trapshooting School Geo. Frank Lord

More Lead Poisoning -- Fred. D. Hoyt

Game Protective Association ------- A. A. Hill

Amendment to New York Game Law.

Editorials — Kentucky A More Game State— California — Let Us Breed All Species

—Why?

Correspondence — Book Notices — Outings and Innings.

More Game and Fewer Game Laws.

To THE GAME BREEDER,

150 Nassau Street, New York.

Please send me THE GAME BREEDER, for one year.

$1.00 enclosed.

Name

ot i*e et »••• ...••.««•••;..•«

City

State

N. B.— Write Name and Street Address plainly and state if you
wish back numbers of the magazine to the first of the year.

T h< : Game Breeder

Published Monthly. Entered as second-class matter. July g, 1915, at the Post Office, New York City,

New York, under the Act of March 3, 1879.

VOLUME IX

APRIL, \9\6
SURVEY OF THE FIELD.

NUMBER J

All Up For Kentucky.

Here is a clause in a bill that will
probably be enacted into a law in Ken-
tucky before this issue reaches our
readers :

"That all game birds and game ani-
mals reared or bred in captivity shall be
considered domesticated stock and the
owners or raisers thereof may keep, sell,
ship, transport, or otherwise dispose of
them, and such stock shall not be effected
or covered by the law prohibiting or reg-
ulating the killing or disposition of game
birds or game animals, when the breeders
or owners thereof have a permit for the
keeping, selling, shipping, transporting or
otherwise disposing of them. Such per-
mits shall be issued by the Game and
Fish Commission upon application and
shall be granted where the said birds
or animals have been lawfully acquired
and raised. Provided, that the dead
body or parts thereof of any bird or
animal, lawfully reared in captivity, may
be sold when such animal or bird or part
thereof is marked with a metal tag, said
tag to be furnished by the Game and
Fish Commission upon application, and
no charge shall be made except for ac-
tual cost of said tag or tags."

The foregoing seems to reflect the
genial countenance and ideals of that
practical game saver, Mr. Talbot, of In-
diana.

Quail in Rhode Island.

There is no living creature save a
quail that will work all the summer and
fall for the farmer and then supply him
with the best of food for his table. And
all the quail requires is to live in peace
until he is wanted for food with a lit-

tle attention when deep snows cover the
ground in winter. Owing to the recent
severe weather in Rhode Island, the Fish
and Game Protective Association have
made an appeal to the people of the state
to help feed the birds. The deep snow
has covered up the food that nature pro-
vides for them and they have had an
unusually hard time. The association's
members are doing all they can to help
the birds, but have appealed to the peo-
ple to help them scatter cracked grain
or other food in the places that the quail
and other birds have been seen to fre-
quent. They request the farmers to
throw the sweepings of their haymows
or cracked grain on the edges of the
wood. Bob White is really a hardy lit-
tle fellow, but there is waste ground
enough in country localities so he might
have places of refuge in winter where
he would be safe and be sure of modest
rations.

Angling in Ice Bound Streams.

Candidly, it looks as if the objections
by anglers to the ruling of the New
York Conservation Commission that
there shall be no fishing for brook trout
while streams are ice bound, will not
quite "hold water." In effect they are
that all trout fishermen know that when
the streams are filled with "ice and snow
water, trout will not rise to the bait."
By the same token, why should any one
want to angle when "trout will not rise
to the bait?" The object of the law was
no doubt to prevent fishing in some rush-
ing stream that may have cleared itself
of ice in places before the winter is
over. It is no great hardship to forbid
all from doing that which few care to
do and which no one should care to do.

THE GAME BREEDER

Deer in Vermont.

Deer are so plentiful in some parts
of Vermont that during the recent Wiz-
ard weather and deep snow there the
farmers opened their barn doors and
yards to them and provided them with
rations of crushed apples. Venison is
easier and cheaper to produce than beef,
and it is worth twice as much as beef
in the New York market. Yet what
object is there in /producing it when
there is a law forbidding the farmers
of Vermont from selling it in the New
York market? Who would care to rear
chickens or swine or sheep, or anything
else on the farm, if it were unlawful to
sell it? But better times are coming for
those who want to produce venison and
for those who want to purchase it. There
is nothing in the world that so serves
to make a thing scarce as not to be able
to sell it, and nothing that tends to
make it so plentiful as to be able to sell
it for a good price. It is due solely to
the mandate of a statute that deer are
now roaming in large numbers in Ver-
mont, and it is due solely to a law that
the State is unable to profit by it.

Returns From California.

In a personal letter the executive of-
ficer of the California Fish and Game
Commission says the "Commission is
strongly in favor of breeding game in
large numbers. The commission has ex-
pended approximately $75,000 in the ef-
fort to make game breeding an industry
of the State and is doing and will do
nothing to hamper the operations of le-
gitimate breeders, no matter how small
or how large they may be. We have
given to such breeders and have sold
them at far less than cost, several thou-
sand dollars worth of pheasants and
other birds, to be |used for breeding
stock. In fact, if there is anything that
the Commission should and could do to
aid the game breeders of California, that
thing either has been done already or
will be done the moment the need and
the remedy is called to our attention."
And the reward for this effort and ex-
pense shall come later — "some thirtyfold,
some sixtyfold and some an hundred-
fold."

Much in a Name.

There is a daily paper in Council
Bluffs, Iowa, which is called "The Non-
pareil," and to the request of State Game
Warden Hinshaw that Iowa have a
game farm to encourage and teach game
breeding as an industry, this six point
newspaper responds that such an idea
is a "pipe dream." If it would do any
good we might refer this Rip Van Win-
kle editor to what is being done to make
game breeding a profitable industry in
many other states. But he is so far in
the rear of the run of progress that he
can't hear the music of the band wagon.

Who is the "Moloch?"

The opposition of game breeders and
wardens of New York State to the im-
portation of game bred in other states
has such a slender foundation of reason
that it can scarcely be very strong nu-
merically. As well oppose the importa-
tion of potatoes or beef from other
states. It has been hinted that if game
from other states be brought to New
York City it will all be gobbled up by
a certain "Moloch" just as were the first-
born of the Ammonites of old. If there
is any truth in this then it were better
to get rid of the Moloch and let the
game come in. The injury of many for
the benefit of a few is out of date.
This is the 20th century and not B. C.
times. "Have a heart."

A Hard New Jersey Winter.

It has been an unusually severe winter
for wild birds in New Jersey, not so
much because of the snow and sleet as
because there was only a meager food
supply under the best weather condi-
tions.

But a concerted movement for feeding
them would easily obviate their distress.
Farmers feed their chickens 365 days of
the year. It is rare that wild birds need
be fed more than a dozen times a year
and except in abnormal winter weather
they need not be fed at all. A country
without birds is like an abandoned, rot-
ting and dilapidated dwelling, unfit for
human habitation.

THE GAME BREEDER 7

THE SILVER FOX.

~j^ By Ned Dearborn,
Assistant Biologist, U. S. Department of Agriculture.

- [This historical sketchof the silver fox industry is from bulletin No. 301, U. S. Depart-
ment of Agriculture. The bulletin contains much valuable information about the area
suitable for foxes, the food, the handling, etc., and is illustrated with cuts showing inclosures.
Readers interested in fur farming can procure the bulletin by writing to the Agricultural
Department.]

The name "silver fox," as commonly fairly common, the silver gray scarce,
used by furriers, includes the dark phases and the pure black very rare,
of the ordinary red fox, variously called The market value of skins of the dif-
silver, silver gray, silver black, or black, ferent phases depends upon the relative
It should not be confused with the gray, scarcity of the animals. The price paid
or tree, fox of the United States, the fur for black skins, however, has recently
of which is of comparatively little value, fallen considerably below that of silvers,
The color of the red fox of the North- for the reason that furriers now dye
eastern States and of its allies of the ordinary red fox skins a lustrous black,
colder parts of North America varies and put them on the market at a com-
from red to black, and these extremes, paratively low figure,
with their gradations, form four more or Domestication of the fox was first
less distinct phases, known respectively achieved in 1894 by Robert T. Oulton
as red, cross (or patch), silver, and and Charles Dalton on Prince Edward
black. In the red phase the fur is en- Island, a Canadian Province in the Gulf
tirely rich fulvous, except for restricted of St. Lawrence. Silver fox pelts have
black markings on the feet and ears, a continuously commanded high prices,
white area at the end of the tail, and and hunters have been correspondingly
certain white-tipped hairs on the back keen to secure them. It is not strange,
and rump. Grading into the next phase therefore, that the first successful breed-
the black increases in extent until, in the ers of this rare animal were men who
typical cross fox, the black predominates had pursued it in the chase. The two
on the feet, legs and underparts, while mentioned had hunted foxes together and
fulvous overlaying black covers most of had frequently bought and sold fox pelts
the head, shoulders and back. A gradual of their neighbors. Oulton was once
increase of the black and elimination of lucky enough to shoot a silver fox, the
the fulvous, or its replacement by white, skin of which netted $138. Becoming
results in the next phase, the silver (or impressed with the possibility of domes-
silver gray) fox, in which the entire ticating such valuable fur bearers, Oul-
pelage is dark at the base and heavily or ton and Dalton separately experimented
lightly overlaid with grayish white. The in building fox-proof fences and in feed-
color of silver foxes varies from grizzly ing and breeding the animals. After sev-
to pure black, except for a few white- eral years' work on these problems they
tipped hairs on the back and rump, formed a partnership in 1894, built a
Finally, in the black phase, the white is ranch, and stocked it with two pairs of
absent from all parts except the tip of the silver foxes. This became the first
tail, which is white in all four phases, profitable fox ranch, the forerunner of
The red phase is much more abundant a remarkable and, for that region, a revo-
than the others, but all four interbreed lutionizing industry,
freely, and wherever one occurs occa- At that time black pelts brought much
sional examples of the others may be higher prices than silver pelts. This
expected. In general the cross fox is prompted Oulton & Dalton to retain their

S THE GAME BREEDER

darker animals and dispose of the lighter to engage in fox farming alone. Almost
ones, and as a result each successive lot immediately, however, companies were
of pelts from their yards was darker formed for the benefit of those having
than those of previous years. Finally, foxes to sell. It was customary for a
in 1910, they were able to send to the company to take them over. An attrac-
London sales the finest collection of sil- tive prospectus containing pictures of sil-
ver fox pelts that had ever appeared ver foxes, an account of the 1910 sale
there. This lot, containing 25 pelts, of pelts, and a list of companies which
brought an average of $1,386 each, the had paid dividends of 20 to 500 per
best one selling for $2,624. In the mean- cent, was published, and the stock sold
time a few other small ranches had been through brokers and solicitors. Foxes
started in the Maritime Provinces, New- that would bring $12,000 or $15,000 a
foundland, Maine, Ontario, Michigan pair in the open market were usually
and Alaska. The policy of the half capitalized in companies at $18,000 or
dozen Prince Edward Islanders in that $20,000, which, after allowing for com-
business had been to monopolize it. missions, installation of pens, and other
They had kept their own counsel, and ranch necessities, left a tolerably safe
not even their families were enlightened balance from which to pay the first year's
as to methods. The pelts had been running expenses. Another reason for
shipped three in a package by parcel the multiplication of fox companies is
post from a distant post office, and re- found in the income to be derived from
ports of the sales had been received in them by brokers and promoters, and
code. The fox raisers had entered into many companies were formed by men
a compact to sell no live silver foxes and having no other interest. The outbreak
had bought the best that could be ob- of the European war, in the summer of
tained. Notwithstanding their secrecy, 1914, interrupted and probably ended
the evident improvement in their finan- these speculative operations. Ranch-bred
cial conditions was noticed by their silver foxes have recently been adver-
neighbors, who thereupon desired to par- tised for sale at from $1,500 to $2,000
ticipate. a pair. In some of the western Prov-

Disclosure of the results of the 1910 inces and Territories of Canada, where

sales was the climax of the first stage only those foxes born or kept for a year

in the development of fox farming, or more in captivity are allowed to be

People who formerly had known some- exported, prices of wild half-grown sil-

thing of the business were now eager to vers run from $150 to $250 each. Prior

engage in it. Those having money in- to the war a general stagnation in the

vested it in foxes. Others mortgaged fur trade was beginning to have a de-

their farms for the purpose or fitted up pressing influence on prices of live foxes,

ranching facilities and boarded foxes for The June, 1914, sale of silver fox skins

a share of the progeny. How rapidly in, London averaged only about $118

prices for breeding stock advanced is each. From present indications values

well illustrated by the experience of one of foxes and of pelts are likely soon to

ranchman who sold his first pair of cubs fall as low as they were before 1910.
for $750, and other pairs successively In the pioneer days, when proper

for $3,000, $12,000, $13,000 and $14,000. methods of handling foxes were un-

In the fall of 1913 good ranch-bred cubs known, many failures resulted from

six months old sold for from $11,000 to ignorance and carelessness. The excite-

$15,000 a pair. Pairs that had had large ment following the fur sales of 1910

litters were valued at about twice as hastened the improvement of methods

much as six-months-old cubs. of feeding, handling and breeding. It

The maintenance of this prodigious in- also broke the monopoly, and caused a

flation of prices was due mainly to stock rapid distribution of foxes and of iri-

companies, which originally were formed formation concerning them. Now, with

by individuals without sufficient capital a comparatively large number of silver

THE GAME BREEDER

foxes in domestication, with a clearer
understanding of their successful man-
agement, and with a return of moderate
prices for breeders, a steady, healthy and
general development of silver fox farm-
ing may be expected.

Fox ranches are established in most
of the Canadian Provinces and in Maine,
New Hampshire, Massachusetts, New
York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Wisconsin,
Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Oregon,
Washington and Alaska. In 1913 there
were 277 fox ranches on Prince Edward
Island alone. There foxes have the same
status as other domestic animals in be-
ing subject to taxation; this in 1913
yielded the Province a revenue of $37,-
172. In a recent report written from
Charlottetown by Consul Livingston T.
Mays the number of domestic silver
foxes on Prince Edward Island in April,
1914, was given as about 1,600, and in
the following December as about 2,600,
the increase for the year being approxi-
mately 66 per cent., or considerably be-
low the average increase of former years.
The value of the foxes on this island at

the close of 1913, as estimated by the
Commissioner of Agriculture, was over
$15,000,000. A report of the provincial
secretary, issued May 7, 1914, shows that
there had been incorporated in the Prov-
ince up to that time 196 fur-farming
companies, nearly all of which were de-
voted to fox raising, carrying an author-
ized capitalization of $24,305,700. In
December, 1914, the United States consul
on Prince Edward Island reported that
the capitalization had reached $31,500,-
000. From the foregoing it is evident
that anyone contemplating an investment
in fox farming, either directly or in the
stock of an organized company, should
first carefully consider all values in their
relation to the actual returns possible
from the average increase of the breed-
ing stock. As pointed out elsewhere in
this bulletin, prices of both live silver
foxes and fox pelts are now far below
prices paid a few years ago. The busi-
ness of fox breeding will be on a much
more stable basis than at present when
the value of breeding animals bears an
approximate relation to the value of their
pelts in the open market. \

WALLACE EVANS GAME FARM.

Wood Duck in Large Numbers and Pheasants Reared Near St.

Charles, 111.

1 raise every year large numbers of the
different varieties of wild ducks, espe-
cially wood ducks. Last season I raised
over twelve hundred young wood ducks,
and this spring I expect to raise more
still as I am keeping over an extra large
breeding stock, and the natural lakes and
running water on our new farm seems
tc be well adapted for the raising of
the rarer varieties of wild ducks,

All my wood hens last year averaged
about thirty eggs each, and I expect to
get even more this season. I also breed
quite a number of Mandarin ducks, the
hens of this variety seldom lay over ten
•or twelve eggs in a season, which are
generally very fertile and the birds are
strong and very easy to raise.

I have never done very much with
black mallards, as there seems to be very
little demand for them, and it hardly
pays to keep a large flock of breeders;
real wild black mallards in captivity
seldom lay over twenty eggs to a bird
even when they are forced with the cor-
rect kind of foods.

I have never succeeded in getting Blue
Wing Teal to lay over sixteen or eighteen
eggs, no matter how carefully they are
fed, and the same applies to the Green
Wing and the Gargany. I usually lift
part of the eggs from the different va-
rieties of wild ducks and hatch them
under chickens, except in the wood
ducks and mallards. These, of course,
are all raised with chickens.

10 THE GAME BREEDER

On our new farm here all these birds the rarer varieties of pheasants so that

have large ponds and many acres of you can see the difference between it and

land to roam over, and it is very hard the ordinary domestic poultry food which

for us to locate all the nests of the wild is generally used which "turns their toes

ducks, and especially so of the nests of to the daisies" sooner or later,
the different varieties of teal. I have I will send you some photos of my

always had splendid luck in raising the vermin trap later. I consider this kind

Ruddy ducks, especially the European, of trap positively the best thing that has

Some of these build their nests three or ever been invented for this particular

four feet in the earth around the banks business, and I can assure you that I

of the ponds, but last year I succeeded would not be able to run this farm

in getting a good many of the Ruddys successfully without them. They catch

to build their nests in open ended boxes raccoons, minks, skunks, weasels, pos-

somewhat like the ones we use for wood sums, rats and cats. These traps will

ducks. catch old rats around buildings when all.

My success in raising nearly all the other traps fail. There is hardly a day

rarer varieties of pheasants and ducks during the year that my men don't bring

is due to a great extent to my being in several head of vermin after making

able to furnish them with the proper the rounds of these traps. I use them

kinds of food not alone during the breed- mostly on the boundary fences which on

ing season, but during the winter months, our new farm runs miles without a break

Nearly all of the rarer and expensive in them. It takes nearly all one man's

varieties of pheasants which are kept in time to keep down the yermin here and

the different zoological parks throughout even then we have disastrous losses from

the world die for want of the correct time to time.

kind of food. For instance, the Trago- By the end of this year we expect to

pans, Monauls and other high altitude have the farm nearly completed, and I

birds seldom survive in these zoos over can assure you it will be a peach when

two years, but if properly fed they will we get through with it. . We have our

live from five to ten years and even own railroad tracks and private freight

longer. station on the farm, which makes it very

I am sending you under separate cover handy and inexpensive for handling our

a sample of the correct food for feeding feed and the shipping out of live stock.

CAT TALES.

Told by E. H. Forbush, Massachusetts State Ornithologist.

Destroys a Universal Pest. before her aunt's rising hour the cat

The United States Department of brought in a nice fat robin, unharmed,

Agriculture has made a study of the and penned it in the corner of the

economic value of the quail and has kitchen, apparently as a gift for the aunt,

found that it is virtually the only bird Although the bird always was set free

which devours that universal pest, the the cat continued to catch one each

potato bug. morning having first caught its own

= breakfast. It would be interesting to

Robins for Breakfast. know how many birds that cat ate that

Miss Helen Winslow says that her season beside those that it brought in.

aunt in Greenfield had a cat that was =

in the habit of catching his own break- Fecundity of the Cat.

fast early each summer morning before Cats are known to have from two to

the family was up — a very common habit four broods yearly, with from five to

by the way. Invariably, she says, just nine in each brood. Fostered and pro-

THE GAME BREEDER

tected from their enemies, a single pair
might produce an enormous number in a
few years. Hence the necessity for
checking such increase promptly by kill-
ing all superfluous kittens soon after
birth. An undue increase of the species
must occur otherwise as cats have very
few effective natural enemies in the New
England States.

Vagabond Cats in the Country.

Wild or feral house cats that pass their
lives mainly in the fields or woods are
seen rarely by human eyes, except by
those of the hunter or naturalist. There-
fore many people who have never in-
vestigated the matter, and never have
seen such cats, find it hard to believe
that they are numerous enough to be a
great menace to wild life, but nearly all
my most observant correspondents who
roam the woods and fields report traces
of many cats.

On 20 Acres.

Mrs. Mabel Osgood Wright, Fairfield,
Conn., president of the Connecticut Au-
dubon Society, writes that in seven
months, twenty-eight cats have been shot
on her twenty acres, although the six
nearest neighbors keep none.

Ye Historick Cat of 1498.

The cat is surely most like to the Leo-
parde, and hathe a great mouthe, and
sharp teeth, and a long tongue, plyante,
thin and subtle. He lappeth therewith
when he drinketh, as other beates do that
have the nether lip shorter than the over ;
for, by cause of unevenness of lips, such
beates suck not in drinking, but lap and
lick as Aristotle saith, and Plinius also.

Bird Slaughter by Cats. •

Dr. Anne E. Perkins of Gowanda, N.
Y., who has had a long experience with
pets, tells of a cat which brought in
meadowlarks, an oven-bird, two hum-
ming birds and a flicker within a few
days.

Birds Killed Per Cat.

Numerous correspondents have known
individual cats to kill from 2 to 8 birds

in a day, but the average is much small-
er than this. Two hundred and twenty-
six correspondents report the maximum
number of birds they have known to be
killed by 1 cat in a day, and the day's
work for these 226 cats is 624 birds, or
2.7 birds per cat per day.

Game Birds Killed By Cats.

Perhaps the game bird most commonly
killed by the cat in southern New Eng-
land is the bobwhite. This species, one
of the most useful of all birds to the
farmer, highly valued as a game bird,
frequents grass fields, gardens, grain
fields, and weed and bush thickets where
the cat hunts. Sportsmen say that they
very often find cats in "quail covers,"
and not infrequently see them with the
birds in their mouths.

Fond of Pheasants and Partridges.

Since the introduced ring-necked
pheasant has become common in Massa-
chusetts, many reports of the killing of
these birds by cats have been received.
They are taken from the time the chicks
are hatched until they are full-grown.

The Cat on the Game Preserve.

All experienced gamekeepers regard
this animal as one of the most vicious
and despicable of the so-called vermin
which often render the raising of game
bird a precarious calling. Prof. Clif-
ton F. Hodge, a pioneer in the success-
ful artificial rearing of grouse and bob-
whites, was almost forced by cats to
give up his experiments in Worcester,
Mass.

A Day's Work.

Female cats with kittens often are
very destructive to birds. I have known
such a cat in June to destroy within
twenty-four hours the young in six nests
and also two of the parent birds, but
this is the maximum.

Also Fond of Chickens.

Mr. Charles M. Field of Shrewsbury,
has known a cat to kill eighteen chicks in

THE GAME BREEDER

a day. Mr. Frederick W. Goodwin of of twenty-five. Mr. A. B. Brundage, of

East Boston, gives a record of twenty- Danbury, Conn., tells of thirty-four as a

four killed by a cat in one day. Miss day's work for one lusty cat.
Mabel McRae, Boylston, has a record (To be continued in our next.)

A TRAPSHOOTING SCHOOL.

By George Frank Lord.

The mere mention of a trapshooting
school will cause sportsmen to sit up and
take notice, as the saying goes, for while
there have been and still are places where
tennis, golf and other sports are taught
novices, this country has never boasted
anything in the form of a shooting
school. Anticipating the many queries
which will follow the announcement of
the starting of the trapshooting school,
E. I. duPont de Nemours & Co. send out
the following information concerning
same:

The school will be operated at Atlan-
tic City, N. J., the greatest year round
pleasure resort in the world, and a place
annually visited by more sportsmen than
any other city. The convenience of the
sportsmen has been considered in deter-
mining the location of the school, which
will be right in the center of activities,
on Young's Million Dollar Pier, at the
end.

The purpose of this new shooting
school is threefold, viz., to teach the
proper care and use of firearms ; to in-
struct men and women in the art of
trapshooting, and to provide a place
where the thousands and thousands of
"gun bugs" who yearly visit Atlantic
City may enjoy their favorite sport, en-
gage in trophy contests, team races, etc.,
in a place easily accessible and at a
moderate cost.

The school will be in operation about
March 15th, or by April 1st at the out-
side. The equipment will consist of one
Ideal Leggett, and one Western McCrea
automatic trap, standard targets being
used, twenty gauge guns of practically
every make, and competent men in
charge. The targets will be thrown

against a background of water, targets
and shot falling into the Atlantic Ocean.
Standard trap loads will be on sale, but
only twenty gauges may be used. The
targets will be thrown about forty yards.
A person desiring to use his own gun
may do so, but only factory loaded am-
munition can be shot on the range.

The services of Hertry Hewgill Ste-
vens, famous professional and known to
everyone in the trapshooting game as
"Hank," have been secured and he will
be in charge of the school as manager,
and will act as personal instructor at no
cost whatever to anyone desiring his
services. Mr. Stevens has been shooting
since 1888, and nearly thirty years ag
competed on the trapshooting team of
Rutgers College, of which he is a grad-
uate, against the Princeton, Yale and
other college teams. In the year 1903
Mr. Stevens turned professional goin
first with the DuPont Powder Company
and later representing one of the leading
Eastern gun and ammunition manufac-
turers, traveling for them in practically
every section of the country. He is now
back with his first employers.

Mr. Stevens is well equipped by per-
sonality, experience and ability to fill his
new position. He has made for himself
a host of friends everywhere, who will
always remember him as the genial
"Hank." One of the original Westy
Hogans, he has done much to insure the
present success of that organization. His
experience covers every phase of the
gun and ammunition game, and all kinds
of game shooting as well as trapshooting.
It may be well to say also that he coached
the 1913 Princeton College trapshoot-
ing team, which won the intercollegiate

THE GAME BREEDER

trapshooting contest, and also the 1915
Yale College trapshooting team, which
won the championship last year. When
Mr. Stevens' ability as a shooter comes
up, one has but to refer to the official
trapshooting records for the past several
years to appreciate his true worth, and
men who have shot with him in the field
and from the blinds and shooting boxes
will tell you that his aim is deadly — in
fact he seldom misses. .

In inaugurating this new school, the
DuPont Company believes that it will
prove a boon to every sportsman who
visits Atlantic City, and will also fill a
long felt want on the part of those who
have desired to learn to shoot under the

tutelage of a competent instructor, such
as Mr. Stevens. From time to time
events will be arranged for groups of
shooters who may be at the seaside re-
sort, and team races and trophy events
staged. Local shooters will also have
events arranged for them, or may ar-
range their own events, and shoot them
over the school traps. In fact, Mr. Ste-
vens will see to it personally that every-
thing possible is done to make the visit
of sportsmen to Atlantic City as pleasant
as .possible, and sportsmen and sports-
women everyhwere are extended a cor-
dial invitation to call and see him at
Young's Million Dollar Pier after March
15th.

MORE LEAD POISONING.

By Feed D. Hoyt.

This is written in response to Mr. W.
L. Finley's article, "Lead Poisoned Mal-
lards," in your January issue And I

Stomach of a captive mallard which died on her nest the
day she hatched her ducklings.

wish to congratulate Mr. Finley, whom
I know personally, on his successful wild
life pictures, which I had the pleasure
of seeing at the University of California.

Mr. Finley is a thorough conservationist
with no selfish ways — one of the many
men and societies which responded to
my appeal for help to get the compulsory
teaching of bird life in the public schools
of California, which I am very happy to
say has become a law in this State.

While Mr. Finley has told you the
conditon in which the ducks were found,
and touched briefly on other data, I will
endeavor to quote a few facts, as I have
studied them for the past twenty-five
years. That the Mallard duck will eat
anything that is solid, from a small gravel
stone to a ten-penny nail, will be seen
from the accompanying photograph. This
is the stomach of a captive Mallard which
died on her nest on the day that she
hatched her clutch of ducklings. Just to
show how strong is the tendency of
nature to reproduce itself, this duck had
been dying five weeks, and seemed only
to wait until her eggs were hatched, as
when I removed the stomach, which had
at last been punctured by a three-inch
steel nail, the inside cavity of the bird
was filled with blood.

The stomach, which I have had pre-
served in a bottle for three years, and
bad photographed, contained eleven steel
nails, from the size of a small brad, to

THE GAME BREEDER

a spike fully three inches long, a num-
ber of cut nail heads, several tacks and
small bits of iron. The gravel and acids
of the stomach had worn the nails al-
most through in many places and
sharpened them to needle points, as will
be seen in the picture. This was not a
case of poisoning, but death came from
the hemorrhage after the nails had punc-
tured the walls of the stomach.

I have examined a great number of
ducks which I have killed and found dead
on the marsh. In the stomach of one
bird there was seventy-two chilled shot
and a brass collar button in another, a
small wood screw, a dozen shot and a
piece of cast iron, all much worn. Of
over thirty ducks which I have ex-
amined, all have contained from a few
to a half ounce of shot. While I have
examined many other species of duck,

only in the Mallard have I found these
conditions.

To ' sum up the whole matter, I find
that we do all our shooting on the same
ponds, where the ducks are baited or fed.
For lack of grit, the Mallard takes up
from the bottom of our four-inch deep
ponds everything that seems to answer
the purpose of ginding material for its
food, as in no places around San Fran-
cisco Bay or up the Sacramento or San
Jauquin rivers where shooting is done,
is there any gravel; nothing but the soft
marsh mud, which would run through a
hundred mesh sieve like water.

Shooting, as we do, on these ponds
where we feed, the Mallard with his
long neck reaches down in the shallow
water, readily picking up the shot lying
on the mud, and this, as Mr. Finley has
said, causes a lingering death either by
starvation or poisoning.

GAME PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION.

Their Recent National Conference in This City.

By A. A. Hill.

A meeting of sportsmen, game com-
missioners and wardens was recently held
at the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel in this city
under the auspices of the Department
of Game Breeding and Preserving of the
American Game Protective Association.
Papers were read on Game Preserving
in America, by A. G. MacVicar, on
"Breeding Wild Turkey," by JHenry P.
Bridges, and on "Deer and Elk Breed-
ing," by John M. Philips. Lee S. Cran-
dall reported on the "Breeding of Mis-
cellaneous Species of Game."

A. G. MacVicar, head keeper of the
Childs-Walcott Preserve in Connecticut,
assailed the neglect of the native species
of game birds in favor of the imported
species. "It seems rather strange," he
said, "that many people spend a lot of
money and time in trying to establish
foreign game without making any at-
tempt to remedy the conditions that have
so nearly exterminated the natives." .

Quail, pheasants, ruffed grouse, duck,
and some woodcock can be bred in New

England and in regions having similar
physical features and climate, said Mr.
MacVicar. To bring back these native
birds to something like their former num-
bers, two things must be done : destroy
the enemies of game by thorough and
systematic trapping and increase the food
supply.

Of the enemies of game house-cats and
hawks are the most destructive. "An
efficient gamekeeper," said Mr. Mac
Vicar, "will take as much pains to trap
a predatory cat in June as a fur trap-
per will to trap a nine-dollar fox in Jan-
uary. The wandering cat does more
damage among birds than all other ver-
min combined."

"Food," he continued, "can be supplied
at small expense by sowing patches of
buckwheat, millet, brown corn, and kaf-
fir corn. The latter is available in snow,
as the stiff stalk keeps the grain above
the snow, and therefore where the birds
can get it. These food patches should
always be as near cover as possible and
in a sheltered location. Barberries,

THE GAME BREEDER

which grow readily in New England, are
also valuable food, and can be used to
feed pheasants, quail and grouse."

John M. Phillips spoke of conservation
of game, especially as it is practised in
Pennsylvania. In that state, a million
acres have been set aside in twenty-six
counties for a state game preserve, he
said. Sanctuaries of 3,200 acres each
are established in the center of tracts of
state land, protected by fire cuttings and
cared for by a warden who traps vermin
and prepares food for game. Pennsyl-
vania is the only state that protects the
black bear, and last year between 300
and 400 were killed there.

The work of breeding and protecting
deer in Pennsylvania has resulted in such
an increase that between 2,000 and 2,500
bucks were killed this year. The aver-
age weight of deer killed has increased
from 90 pounds ten years ago to 140
pounds, the increase being due to the
protection accorded fawns and does.

The report of E. A. Quarles, director
of the Propagation Department of Game
Breeding of the Protection Association,
was listened to with interest. Ruffed
grouse, ringnecked pheasants and mal-
lards, Dr. George W. Field, Dr. Charles

C. Adams, Mr. Quarles and Adam Scott.
At the dinner, in the evening, George

D. Pratt, Conservation Commissioner of
New York, spoke on "What New York
is Doing for Conservation." H. S.
Graves, United States Forester, talked on
"Game Conservation on Public Lands
with Special Reference to Elk," and the
other speakers were Norman McClintock,
Dr. Allen A. Allen, of Cornell Univer-
sity, and William L. Finley, State Biol-
ogist of Oregon.

The proposal that New York State be
called upon to permit the importation of
wild ducks and other game bred in cap-
tivity in other states almost brought to
a sudden end the second day's session.
The matter touched upon has caused
much dissension in the past. The New
York State laws now prohibit such im-
portation. A firm recently was fined
$20,000 for selling wild ducks alleged to
have been bred and raised near Goshen,
but which really were said to have been
trapped in Virginia.

The subject was introduced by John
W. Titcomb, Conservation Commissioner
of Vermont. He proposed that the as-
sociation go on record for the change in
the New ^ork State Game laws respect-
ing importations. His resolution gave
some of the New York members a shock.

William B. Boulton, chairman, finally
calmed the meeting by appointing the
following committee to consider the reso-
lution: H. M. Brigham, of New York,
chairman; J. W. Titcomb, John Hay-
wood, of Massachusetts; J. B. Burnham
and J. C. O'Connor, both of New York
State. The committee will report at the
next annual meeting, if they don't for-
get it.

♦ —

Game Cookery.

Game, being rich in phosphates, is
valuable for invalids. — The Boston Cook
Book.

English and other cook books are filled
with valuable recipes for cooking all
species of game. American books on
cooking for the most part contain little
or nothing on this subject because we
have no game to cook. America should
have more game in its markets than any
country in the world. We still have
enough stock birds and quadrupeds to
fill the markets to overflowing in five
years provided the industry of game
breeding be encouraged and not pro-
hibited by law.

We predict that new revised editions
of the American books will contain many
valuable chapters on the cooking of
quail, grouse, wild-fowl, snipe, wood-
cock and venison and we are so sure
that America quickly will become the big-
gest game producing country in the
world, that we would suggest to the
publishers, the desirability of such chap-
ters. The game law industry has seen
its best days. The game breeding in-
dustry is booming. Many states already
have amended their laws so that it is no
longer criminal to profitably produce the
desirable foods which are valuable for
people in good health as well as for in-
valids.

We shall publish from time to time
good recipes for cooking game and game
fish.

THE GAME BREEDER

A FAIR AMENDMENT.

A bill to amend the nonsensical N. Y.
Conservation law (popularly known as
one of the leading, "Fool Laws," as the
newspapers say), so as to permit the sale
of deer, pheasants, and ducks from other
States in the New York markets, has
some chance at Albany we are told. The
amendment is quite absurd, of course,
and in harmony with the original "fool"
enactment in that it permits only the im-
portation and sale of the game which
least needs the breeders' attention. It is
a stride, however, in the right direction
and we hope it will pass. It is better
to kill nonsense piecemeal than not to kill
it at all.

The following bill may be enacted in
New York:

To Amend the New York Conserva-
tion Law.

"Section 377. Certain mammals and birds
may be imported from without the State and
sold. Any person engaged in the business of
raising and selling domesticated American elk,
whitetail deer, European red deer and fallow
deer, roebuck, pheasants, mallard ducks and
black ducks, or any of them, in a wholly en-
closed preserve or entire island, of which he
is the owner or lessee, under a breeder's law
providing for the tagging of all preserve-bred
game and otherwise similar in principle to the
law of the State of New York in such case
made and provided, may make application in
writing to the commission for a permit to im-
port such mammals or birds into the State of
New York and sell the same. In the event
that the commission shall be satisfied that the
said mammals and birds are. bred in captivity
and are killed and tagged under a breeding
law similar in principle to that of the State of
New York, upon the payment of a fee of five
dollars, together with such additional sum as
the commissioner may determine to cover the
necessary cost of inspection, the commission
may in its discretion issue a revocable permit
in writing to such applicant to import such
mammals and birds raised as aforesaid into the
State of New York and to sell the same, in
which case the provisions of sections three
hundred and seventy-two, three hundred and
seventy-three and there hundred and seventy-
four of the conservation law, in so far as the
same are applicable, shall apply.

"Section 2. This act shall take effect imme-
diately."

The question is on the passage of the
bill. Shall the bill pass? The Game
Breeder votes aye, because it is much
better than nothing.

GAME EATING.

We especially like to eat quail, grouse
and other game birds when we know that
by so doing we are helping to make them
plentiful and to keep them so.

The object of the game dinners of the
Game Conservation Society is to make
game eating fashionable ; to restore some
of the best American foods to the table.

We have no doubt the society will be
in the market for cinnamon teal and
other comparatively rare species in order
to serve them as samples and to induce
the people to buy and to eat the desirable
foods liberally. Money has been abund-
ant to secure game law absurdities. We
see considerable in sight to secure more
game for sport and for food.

The fight for "more game" having
been won, in so far as the common half-
bred mallards and pheasants are con-
sumed in many States, and the laws hav-
ing been amended so as to make it pos-
sible to produce other species in some
States, it is high time that the eating of
all species should be made not only fash-
ionable but commonplace. The money
used to purchase the food surely will find
its way, under proper regulations, to the
places where the food can be produced
cheaply. "More game eating; more
game," is our new and revised slogan.
Incidentally, we can see a restoration of
field sports; the breeding and sale of
shooting dogs; the sale and use of guns
and ammunition, etc., and a general good
time. We observed editorially a few
years ago, "there's a good time coming;
its almost here."

Game Breeding Instruction.

A course in the breeding of game
birds in captivity has been added to the
zoology work of the Gary public schools
system, in Gary, Ind. E. A. Spaulding,
principal of the Emerson School of the
Gary system, first suggested the idea. An
appeal was made to Wallace Evans, of
St. Charles, 111., the large breeder of
game birds, who agreed to supply the
school with all the necessary stock to
start breeding ringneck pheasants, mal-
lard ducks and gray call ducks.

It is contended that the work of the

THE GAME BREEDER

Young Mallards.

From Our Wild Fowl and Waders.

Gary schools will afford an opportunity
for technical instruction along this
branch of wild life conservation to bo\s
and girls when their minds are in a
particularly receptive condition to ideas
of this sort. The experiment will be
watched with interest by sportsmen and
thousands of others who are interested
in wild life conservation.

A Fishy Yarn.

Capt. George W. Greenleaf, of the
U. S. Fisheries Steamer Gannet, in "The
Maine Woods" : "The Gannet was out
gathering cod eggs for the hatchery.
Among the cods was one that didn't
yield many eggs, although Dave Penning-
ton squeezed her until she almost burst.
Capt. Greenleaf thought there should be
more eggs and took hold, with no bet-
ter results. Wondering, he slit the fish
open with a knife and took out a full-
grown coot." Some doubt it, just as
they doubt the story of Jonah.

A Worthy Apotheosis.

Henry P. Bridges, Baltimore, Md. :
"The gorgeous colors of the wild turkey
glisten in the sunshine like varnished
bronze. His broad shoulders and deep
chest and firm steps show that he is
as hardy as an oak. He has a clean
cut game head, jeweled with bright eyes.
He is always on the lookout for trouble,
and his suspicions make him the grand-
est American game bird for the hunter
to stalk and get a shot .at."

Crimes and criminal laws should not be
made on junketing expeditions through-
out the country after "conferences" with
the prospective criminals, termed "hear-
ings." Even if criminal laws must be
thus made, the head of the construction
group should not be a doctor of medi-
cine. Give us someone who understands
legal principles and we will stand a
chance of having respectable laws and
not criminal absurdities.

THE GAME BREEDER

T 1 ?? Game Breeder

Published Monthly

Edited by DWIGHT W. HUNTINGTON

NEW YORK, APRIL, 1916

TERMS :

10 Cents a Copy— $1.00 a year in Advance.

Postage free to all subscribers in the United States.
To All Foreign Countries and Canada, $1.25.

The Game Conservation Society, Inc.,
publishers, 150 nassau st., new york

D. W. Huntington, President,

F. R. Peixot-io, Treasurer,

J. C. Huntington, Secretary

Telephone, Beekman 3685.

THREE CHEERS FOR KEN-
TUCKY, ANOTHER "MORE
GAME" STATE.

We are pleased to announce that the
Kentucky bill referred to in our Survey
of the Field, passed, as we predicted it
would. It is now the law, and a very
good one, it seems to us.

CALIFORNIA.

We had formed the opinion that the
•California Commission was in favor of
game breeding and that there must be
some mistake in the complaints coming to
The Game Breeder from that state. We
bjelieve it will be an easy matter for
California breeders to enlist the depart-
ment in an effort to have the game per-
mits issued at a nominal cost or for
nothing, as they are in Massachusetts.

An important amendment should be
enacted, also, in California, as elsewhere,
permitting breeders to trap game birds
for propagation purposes. It is per-
fectly absurd to issue a license to every
one to destroy a certain number of birds
daily and to refuse to permit breeders
to take a similar number of birds alive
for the purpose of multiplying their
numbers for sport and for profit. There
is a shortage of stock birds, and this
must continue until it is legal to trap
them for the purpose of propagating as
freely as it now is to shoot for the
purpose of destroying.

LET US BREED ALL SPECIES.

Often we have pointed out the ab-
surdity of granting to breeders the right
to look after the foreign birds which are
in no danger of being extirpated any-
where and of denying the right to look
after our indigenous grouse quail and
other game which rapidly are being ex-
terminated. Many states now permit
the, breeding of all species and New
York appears to be quite behind the
times.

WHY?

A few out of town game breeders who
called at the office of the Game Con-
servation Society after the meeting 01
the American Protective Association,
seemed to be much disappointed at the
action of the Association in sending to a
committee Mr. Titcomb's proposition to
permit the breeders of other states to
sell their game in New York, just as
English, French and other foreign breed-
ers do. As we understand the matter,
the resolution was sent to a committee
after the chairman had referred to it as
a "bomb," and the committee was given
a year to report. A western breeder
said this, of course, was intended to kill
the proposition.

We fail to understand why the Amer-
ican Association persists, as it did last
year, in keeping the Association a purely
local affair. We have thousands of
breeders in other states who should have
as much right in New York as foreign-
ers have, -and, as we have pointed out
before, New York can not be popular
with the other states so long as it sends
hundreds of thousands of dollars abroad
annually for game and refuses to permit
our readers to get the good prices for
the food they produce.

We regret much that we did not see
Mr. Titcomb when he was in New York.
He is one of the best state game officers
in the United States, and we are told
that he said Vermont could (and would,
if permitted) send a lot of venison and
game birds, properly identified, to the
New York market, and that this would
result in a much larger production of
game than there is at present.

We still hope the legislature will show

THE GAME BREEDER

same common sense in dealing with this
matter and we hope if it don't the next
one will have a different political com-
plexion. The people in New York who
would like to eat the abundant game
produced by our readers and who will
willingly pay good prices for it should
take notice that their representatives at
Albany are being advised not to let them
eat most desirable foods produced
throughout the country and to compel
them to dine almost exclusively on cold
storage game from abroad — nonsense !
Nonsense ! Nonsense ! Rampant !

CORRESPONDENCE.

The Game Breeder:
Your paper is fine.
Massachusetts. A. S. Pierce.

A Good Sign.

Game Breeder :

Inclosed I send money for advertise-
ment. I find some of your advertisers
don't have what they advertise.

Michigan. A. S. Cooper.

[Several of our readers have written that
they found our advertisers were sold out. This
is a good sign. Many advertisers have writ-
ten us to say that they were well pleased with
this result. Some, in ordering their adver-
tising discontinued, say that they do not wish
to answer letters simply to say they have
nothing more to sell. The game breeding in-
dustry certainly is booming. — Editor Game
Breeder.]

California Tight? Too Bad! Too Bad!

Editor Game Breeder:

Aside from the pheasants this is one
of the tightest States in the United
States. We have no right to a place
among the game-farming States.

California. G. E. D.

[The rapidity with which subscribers to The
Game Breeder have been coming and also some
unsolicited advertisements led us to believe
that California was quite a good State for the
game breeder's industry. If the State game
officers are guilty of any attempts to strangle
a food producing industry the fact should be
generally known. We will help investigate this
subject; all readers should help. If there is
any wrongdoing, bouncing is the remedy, no
matter what the politics of the commissioners
are. We don't know what they are. We don't
care what they are. There are certain agri-
cultural interests and certain trade interests,
including the hotel men's organizations and

some others which take an interest in food
producing and when the word is quietly passed
by organized game breeders we are sure quite
a few people will vote right. Let us always
be sure we are right and then move rapidly. —
Editor.]

Pheasant Breeders' Law Works Well.

Editor Game Breeder:

Our pheasant breeders' law seems to
be working satisfactorily although we
will be in a better position to speak
authoritatively regarding it after the
season closes. As you will note it is
quite broad since it authorizes the li-
censee or any person having his consent
to kill birds when ready for marketing
Informally the term propagation has
been interpreted to mean that land
owners or lessees who have protected
and cared for the birds to such extent
as to insure safety and increase are
propagating within the spirit of the law
at least. I am inclined to think it will
work satisfactorily and become popular,
affording opportunity for some shoot-
ing. John C. Speaks,

Chief Game Warden, Ohio.

[Duck breeding, quail breeding and laws
encouraging the breeding of all species work
well in States where they have been tried.
There are, however, comparatively few places
where it is legal to sell the quail and grouse
and the breeders can not supply stock birds,
being sold far ahead and having long waiting
lists. Ohio is a good State for prairie grouse,
quail ruffed grouse and wild turkeys. It should
not be criminal to produce these. — Editor.]

Editor Game Breeder :

We have issued no licenses in this
Province for the breeding of game birds
and animals, for the very good reason
that our system of protection is such,
that the game supply is well maintained
on the natural breeding grounds of our
game birds as well as our fish and birds.
Moreover, the Government of the Do-
minion maintains a certain number of
fish hatcheries in this Province.

We may issue licenses very shortly for
the farming of deer, not because this
game is becoming any scarcer, but in or-
der to increase if possible the market
supply of venison and so to assist in re-
ducing the cost of living.

The only permits for breeding pur-

THE GAME BREEDER

poses which we have issued as yet are
for the raising in captivity of foxes and
other fur-bearing animals.

I send you by this mail a copy of a
booklet which I wrote some time ago on
this subject and also a copy of the last
annual report of this Department.

E. T. D. Chambers.

Quebec, Canada.

Editor Game Breeder:

I heard considerable shooting, mostly
black powder, yesterday morning and
evening, and again this morning, and I
feel certain it was at ducks, as quite a
lot of black and wood ducks were
hatched in ponds near here. I have ad-
vocated the abolition of spring shooting
for forty years, but now the Federal
authorities have cut off a month of our
season when ducks were growing more
abundant every year; then they fail ut-
terly to enforce the law, thus permitting
the ignorant and lawless to shoot while
the intelligent (as to game laws) and
law-abiding get left.

The farmers not being permitted to
sell, trespassers making life unpleasant,
even dangerous, it is to their advantage
to permit as little game to breed as pos-
sible ; to have as little cover and food as
possible.

A Letter From the Dean.

Charles Hallock, writing from Wash-
ington, D. C, to express his regrets at
not being able to attend the dinner of
The Game Conservation Society, pre-
dicts that the game breeders soon will be
numbered by the hundred thousand,
"now that the more game campaign seems
to have won with flying banners." The
dean pointed out the mountains of poli-
tics and prejudice we would have to
cross, in an interesting letter, when he
endorsed the movement at the start and
American sportsmen, who wish to see
field sports perpetuated, are much in-
debted to Hallock, as we often have

pointed out.

♦

GOOD WORK.

We thought so well of Mr. Job's book,
"The Propagation of Wild Birds," that

we sent out about 2,500 special letters
to members of the Game Conservation
Society and clubs associated with it in the
good work of producing "more game."
This is something the Game Conserva-
tion Society never has done before ex-
cept for its own publications and we
are pleased to observe that our members
have purchased many copies of the book.
Mr. Job is the head of a new depart-
ment of the National Association of
Audubon Societies which takes a great
interest in game preserving and the
amendment of the game laws so as to en-
courage this profitable production of the
wild food birds.

A Good Book.

The National Association of Audubon
Societies has sent us an attractive little
book on "How to Attract and Protect
Wild Birds," written by v Martin Hiese-
mann and translated by Emma S. Buch-
heim.

This is an excellent book describing
the system of Baron Von Berlepsch,
who applied the gamekeepers' methods
(of preserving game birds by the de-
struction of their enemies providing
plantations and covers for nesting and
food) to all useful birds with great suc-
cess. The book is illustrated with pic-
tures of shelters, bird houses, etc. We
can send it upon releipt of the price —
50 cents. Postage, 6 cents.

Venison for the Market.

Venison is sold in the markets of
Maine and some other States. Venison
produced in New York is sold in the
New York markets. Venison from for-
eign countries is sold in New York, but
venison from Maine, Pennsylvania, New
Jersey, Vermont and all the other States
which have an abundance of venison
can not be sold in New York.

Many members of The Game Con-
servation Society outside of New York
now have hundreds of elk and deer but
they cannot market their food in the best
market, New York City. We invite
the attention of The New York Conser-
vation Commissioner and the Legislature

THE GAME BREEDER

to the absurd and outrageous situation.
How long will the State Conservation
Commissioner be compelled to admin-
ister nonsense? Should a State game
officer be compelled to prevent the in-
dustrious producers of food in other
States from feeding the people of New
York? Should hundreds of thousands
of dollars be sent abroad annually for
game when American game farmers in
other States are ready to supply the
food?

What has become of the provision in
the United States Constitution which
says the citizens of the several States
shall have the same privileges and im-
munities? How about this, Mr. Game
Conservation Commissioner?

quiring that all such crabs under five
inches from tip of spike to tip of spike
be thrown back in the water.

The Partridge as a Fighter.

Editor Outdoor Life:

Last fall while hunting deer I was
waiting at the edge of a small clearing
for a buck to appear when I noticed a
male partridge coming towards me. He
did not notice me till I moved; then he
seemed to get mad and ruffled up his
feathers and, clucking, came towards me
showing fight. To see what his real in-
tentions were I started to move away,
and, evidently thinking he had me bluffed
he ran after me and chased me for about
thirty yards, clucking viciously all the
while. Then believing that he had run
me off, he went into the thick under-
brush. — A. A. Thomas, Minnesota, in
Outdoor Life.

CRABS.

Crab life in Delaware will be con-
served, if Daniel Burton, formerly dep-
uty collector of internal revenue can have
his way. He has pointed out that every
year there is in that State a shameful
waste of crab life and that it is doing
great financial injury, especially to com-
munities which border upon the leading
crab-producing waters. The same trou-
ble is being experienced in Virginia. In
this last named State the legislature is
asked to pass a law looking to the pro-
tection of the egg-bearing mother, by
providing a closed season for the sponge
crab, and of the small hard crab by re-

PINIONING.

When birds are only a few weeks old
they are easily pinioned by cutting off the
last joint of one wing. A thread should
be tied above the cut to prevent the loss
of blood. When the birds are old the
ligature should be made with care since
there will be a greater loss of blood if
the work is not properly done. Mr.
Job well says one had better see it done
by an experienced person before attempt-
ing it.

♦

There is much land which" can be
bought for a few dollars in Rhode Is-
land but it is dear at any price under
existing laws. Similar lands can be
purchased in Massachusetts for similar
prices and they are worth ten times as
much because there is more freedom in
Massachusetts than there is in Rhode
Island. We would advise Rhode Is-
land farmers either to move or to have
the laws, which provide for arrests for
food producing amended.

Birds May Not Be Brought

Into This State from

the South.

To the Editor of The New York Times :
Under the State conservation law
(formerly known as the forest, fish and
game law) the open season for the tak-
ing of all game birds, such as quail,
pheasants, grouse and partridge, closed
on Dec. 31, 1915, with the exception of
wild ducks, on which the season is open
for the taking until Jan. 10, 1916, with
possession until Jan. 15, 1916.

It appears, however, that the season is
open in many of the Southern States —
North Carolina, South Carolina and
Georgia — where quail, grouse, partridge,
pheasants and wild turkeys may be taken
up to March 15. Many of the residents
of this city are now going down on shoot-
ing trips, and are bringing back to this
State the species of game on which our
season is closed. The result has been

THE GAME BREEDER

that our game protectors have had to
seize the game thus brought into this
State, in addition to which the party-
bringing the game into this State .is
guilty of a violation of the State law for
having such birds in his possession dur-
ing our closed season.

There is no possible way in which to
bring into this State any of the game
birds on which our season is closed at
the present time, even though it is lawful
to kill and export the same in the State
where taken. Already many prominent
people of this city have settled with the
Conservation Commission for violation
of this provision of our law.

The legality of this law has been up-
held by a case which was carried to the
Supreme Court of the United States —
Hasterberg vs. Silz, 211, U. S., 31.

It will, therefore, behoove every one
going South to understand that no game
birds can be brought into this State at
the present time. on which our season is
closed. In the case of ducks, geese and
brant, the same prohibition will apply
after Jan. 10, 1916.

Under the law game seized is presented
to various public institutions, and al-
ready donations have been made to the
Presbyterian Hospital, Roosevelt Hospi-
tal, Polyclinic Hospital, Ophthalrhic
Hospital, Salvation Army, Lincoln Hos-
pital, Volunteer Hospital, St. John's
Home, St. Malachy's Home, and as fur-
ther game is seized it will be distributed
to other institutions.

Edmund Gallagher,

Division Chief.

The young son of the family, who
had been out to luncheon at a little
friend's house, was asked by his mother
on his return whether he had been a
good boy. He hesitated a moment, then
answered, "Yes."

"You don't seem to be very sure about
the matter," said the mother.

"What did you do?"

"Oh, I just spilled my chop in my
lap," he replied.

"Did you apologize to Mrs. Brown?"

"Yes," he nodded.

"Tell mother what you said when
you apologized."

"Oh," . came the quick response, "I
said, 'Excuse me, but that's what always
happen to tough meat.' "

We placed several good keepers in posi-
tions recently and have good reports
about them. Good men are getting
scarce as the game breeding industry

grows.

Chauncey Thomas, in Outdoor Life,
says: "The Dardanelles is the' only
place in the world where a strait beats
four kings."

OUTINGS AND INNINGS.

Two suburban gardeners were swear-
ing vengeance on cats. "It appears to
me," one said, "that they seem to pick
out your choicest plants to scratch out
of the ground." "There's a big yellow
tomcat," the other said, "that fetches my
plants out and then sits and actually de-
fies me." "Why don't you hurl a brick
at him ?" asked the first speaker. "That's
what makes me mad," was the reply. "I
can't. He gets on top of my greenhouse
to defy me." — Kansas City Star.

OUR FEATHERED GAME

A manual on American Game
Birds with- shooting illustrations in
color, and bird portraits of all
American Game Birds.

By D. W. HUNTINGTON

Editor of The Game Breeder

PRICE $2.00

Our Big Game

A manual on the big game of
North America with pictures of all
big game animals.

By D. W. HUNTINGTON

Editor of the Game Breeder '

THE GAME BREEDER 23'

OUR WILD FOWL AND WADERS

the new york;times; IH

r."^? "The subject is the development of a new crop — a flesh crop which has especial
timeliness in view of the general exhaustion of our food supply. Mr. Huntington dis-
cusses in the most practical manner the restoration of this crop of feathered game,
and from the standpoint both of the sportsman and the market gunner, wild ducks,
it seems, can be raised as easily and cheaply as domesticated duck?, and with
equally excellent financial results. The way to do this is described with estimates
of cost and citation of experience abroad, where the deficiency of food supply has
led to the discovery and elaboration of many remedies to which we have not yet
been forced. Mr. Huntington's book is illustrated with photographs, interesting
alike to naturalists and breeders." ;

^WILLIAM BREWSTER

"'Our Wild Fowl and Waders' is obviously an able, comprehensive and very
interesting treatise on a subject which has hitherto received but little attention from
writers, especially in America, and concerning which naturalists, as well as sports-
men, will, I am sure, be glad to be thus credibly and pleasingly informed."

:the LOCKPORT UNION-SUN 1

" Mr. Huntington has given to the American people an admirable treatise on the
practical methods of making these splendid and desirable birds profitably plentiful.
Ponds, streams and waste lands which do not pay the meagre taxes upon them can
be utilized and be made to yield both handsome profits and good sport. This
American authority on wild game tells the farmers and land owners of this country
how to do it."

CHARLES HALLOCK

" The wild fowl book is valuable, clearsighted and scholastic. It is a direct
appeal to sportsmen of common sense and generous behavior, and they will readily
absorb its comprehensive pages and act accordingly— and live thereby."

;dr. r. w. shufeldt

" I have enjoyed the treat in my reading of this book from frontispiece to finish
and I wager anybody else will enjoy it. . . . The author has placed every sports-
man, every naturalist and a great many other citizens of other callings squarely under
obligations to him. The book is a direct and logical argument setting forth the
means for the preservation in the future of our wild fowl and waders. . . . The
illustrations are judiciously selected, interesting and materially add to the value of
the volume."

A. A. HILL

" This is not only a readable book, but it is important in an economic sense, and
it will especially appeal to all who are interested in the conservation of wild life, and
especially our game birds."

AUTOMOBILE DEALER AND REPAIRER _

" If the advice of Dwight W. Huntington, pioneer and apostle of the movement
in this country for a rational game protection and conservation, be acted upon, the
time is coming speedily when game will be as cheap as beef or mutton. At present,
after fifty years of legal protection, we have no game to amount to anything save in
the more remote sections. . . . The book is not only instructive in an economic
sense, showing how to make wild duck preserves safe and attractive, how to get
stock and eggs and the food required, but is delightful reading for all. The author
of ' Our Wild Fowl and Waders' is doing a great public service in his campaign
for more game."

Our Wtld Fowl and Waders will be sent to any address in the United States
or Canada with The Game Breeder for one year upon receipt of $2.00.

THE GAME CONSERVATION SOCIETY

150 NASSAU STREET, N. Y."

24 THE GAME BREEDER

Game Breeders' Supplies

WIRE - COOPS - TRAPS

Wire

For Deer Parks, Rearing Fields and Kennels

Coops and Hatching Boxes

Traps

For Ground and Winged Vermin

Egg Turners, Egg Boxes for Shipping

And all Appliances for Game Farms and Preserves

I shall be pleased to correspond with game breeders
who wish to purchase wire, coops, traps or any appli-
ances for the game farm and preserve.

Special advice given to all contemplating the game
breeders' industry.

F. T. OAKES

Room 622
150 Nassau Street New York, U. S. A.

I do not sell live deer and game birds, or eggs

THE GAME BREEDER

THE PORTAGE HEIGHTS GAME FARM

ROBERT J. McPHAIL, HeadlKeeper

Portage Heights, AKron, Ohio

Ring-Necked Pheasants Eggs For Sale

For delivery prior to May^1 5, $25.00 per hundred For delivery after May 15, $20.00 per hundred

$3.00 per dozen

All our pheasant hens are mated with imported cocks.

Distributors of PHEASANT GERMICIDE for the United States. A COOP of 15 CHICKS, one day old, with
HEN, COOP and FEED and GERMICIDE enough to rear to 6 weeks old, including instructions, for $13.00

J. R. GAMMETER,

Portage Heights, Akron, Ohio

Wild Turkey Eggs

NEARLY EGGS, $15.00 per dozen
Later, $12.00 per dozen

These eggs are [from] true" 5 , Wild Turkeys. Orders
will be filled in] k the][order in which they are received.
Early orders for Jtwo or more dozen eggs will be] ac-
cepted at the rate of $12.50 per dozen. I also have a
few extra fine gobblers for sale, write for prices.

MARY C. WILKIE

BEAVERDAM

VIRGINIA

THE AMATEUR TRAINER

By Ed. F. Haberlein

A practical trainer of over 30 years' experience, whose
system is up to date and stands unequaled.

Neil) Ediiion Just Out. Illustrated.
A plain, practical and concise, yet thorough guide
in the art of training, handling and the correcting
of faults of the bird dosr subservient to the gun
afield. Written especially for the novice, but
equally valuable to the experienced handler. By
following the instructions plainly given, every
shooter possessed of a little common sense and
patience can train his own dogs to perfection.
Paper cover, $1.00; best full cloth binding and gold
embossed, $1.50. Address

THE GAME BREEDER, 150 Nassau Street, N. Y.

Mallard Eggs

Mallard Duck Eggs by the dozen or

hundred. Our stock has free

range and are flyers.

Buckstaff Farm

Oshkosh - Wisconsin

26 THE GAME BREEDER

STONY LONESOME GAME FARM

Mallard Ducks and
Mongolian Pheasants

We offer for immediate delivery (limited number) of

Mallard Ducks and Mongolian Pheasants

and will take - orders for eggs, delivery in the spring.

ADDRESS

129 Front Street, New York City,

or JOHN FOSTER, West Hartland, Connecticut

PHEASANTS, DUCKS AND EGGS

Deer And Other Live Game

FOR SALE, a superb lot of Golden, Silver and Amherst pheasants just
right for. breeding this spring and summer.

I am now booking orders for eggs of the following varieties: Mon-
golian, Ringneck, Chinese, Golden, Silver, Amherst and Reeves.

Wood Duck, Mallard and Gray Call Duck eggs.

All the eggs I ship are guaranteed to be from non-related, pure
bred, stroug, healthy birds, correctly mated ; all eggs are guaranteed not to
be over, three days old when they leave my farm.

I also manufacture a full line of special foods for the successful raising
of young pheasants and wild water fowl, also for feeding the old birds
all the year 'round ; write for prices.

WALLACE EVANS GAME FARM, ST. CHARLES, ILL

Largest and most successful breeders of pheasants,
wild water fowl, deer, etc., in the world.

In writing to advertisers please mention The Game Breeder or sign your letters: "Yours for More Game.*'

THE GAME BREEDER

■v^.v-

Mackensen Game Park

I carry the largest stock in America of live
game birds, ornamental birds and quadrupeds.

Hungarian Partridges

I am prepared to fill the largest orders
for these birds and for years I have filled
practically all of the large State orders for both
Partridges and Pheasants.

Pheasants

My Pheasant pens hold thousands of
Pheasants and I am prepared to furnish
these birds in large numbers to State de-
partments, individual breeders and preserves.

Wild Duck

Mallards, Black Duck, Teal, Wood Duck Pintails and other species

can be supplied in large numbers at at-
tractive prices. Also Mandarins and all
other water fowl.

Wild Turkeys

I am now the largest breeder and
dealer in Wild Turkeys and can supply
these birds in good numbers to State
Departments and preserve owners

I aarry the largest stock in America of ornamental birds and animals. My ponds now contain nearly 200 best
S?7?if^? n8 »? f ^ n ^ nd T have fine lot of ,he beautiful pink FLAMINGOES and the very large European
PELICANS. Also STORKS, CRANES. PEAFOWL, fancy GEESE and DUCKS. My pheasant pens contain over
» thousand Ringneck and fancy PHEASANTS. All stock is kept under practically natural conditions. I have 60 acres
ot land entirely devoted to my business. Can also promptly furnish BUFFALOES, DEER, LLAMAS. RABBITS, etc.

Orders booked during summer.

I have for years filled practically all the large State Orders and have better
facilities for handling large orders than any other firm.

Write me before buying elsewhere— it will pay you to do so. Your visit solicited.
I am only 60 miles from New York and 80 mile6 from Philadelphia.

Department V.

WE J. MACKENSEN

YARDLEY, BUCKS COUNTY, PA.

In writing to advertisers please mention The Game Breeder or sign your letters: "Yours for More Game.

THE GAME BREEDER

Wild Water Fowl

"Our Specialties."

Wood Ducks, Mandarins, Wild Black
Mallards for stocking game preserves.
Safe delivery guaranteed. 500 Can-
ada Wild Geese, $8.00 to $10.00 per
pair. Australian, South American,
Carolina Swans. 200 trained English
Decoy Ducks, guaranteed Callers and
Breeders, $5.00 per pair. Eggs, 15 for
$2.00. Mallards and Canada Geese
must be bought NOW to breed this
Spring. For prices of other wild fowl
apply to

WHEALTON WILD WATER-FOWL FARMS
Chincoteague Island, Virginia

FISHEL'S FRANK

The Best in
Pointers

Puppies, Broken Dogs

and Brood Bitches, by

Champion Comanche

Frank, Fishers Frank

and Champion Nicholas

Write me your wants, please-

U. R. FISHEL
Box 35 HOPE, IND.

M. G. and F. G. L

Can you guess it?

Wild Mallard Eggs

From Select Stock:

$25.00 per 100
3.50 per \ 3

From Utility Stock:

$15.00 per J 00
2.00 per J 3

Clyde B. Terrell
Oshkosh - Wisconsin

Wc Offer For
Immediate Delivery

Silver, Goldens, Ringnecks, Lady Amhersts'
Reeves, Elliotts, Mongolians, Swinhoes.Versicolors,
Impeyans, Manchurian Eared and Melanotus
Pheasants. We are now booking' orders for eggs
for Spring and Summer delivery of any of the above
varieties. We quote Ringneck eggs $3.50 per
dozen, $25.00 per hundred ; Green head mallard
eggs $3.50 per dozen, $25.00 per hundred. We also
offer for sale Single Comb Buff and Blue Orping-
tons, Rhode Island Reds, Japanese Silkies and
Longtails. Wild Turkeys. Blue, White Japanned and
Specifier Peafowls, as well as the following Ducks :
Greenhead and black mallard, pintail, redhead,
gadwall, wood, mandarin and Formosan teal,
shovelers, baldpate and Blue Bill and green wing
teal.

WANTED

White and Java Peafowls. In Pheasants, any
of the trajopans. firebacks, cheer, sommering,
Elliotts, white crested Kalij, Peacocks. Anderson's
Lineatus, Golden Eye, Greater Scaup, Old
Squaw, Butterball and Gargany Ducks. Also Ring
Teal. In writing quote number, sex and lowest
cash price.

Send 30 cents in stamps for our new 1916 color-
type catalogue of pheasants and rearing of pheas-
ants. If you do not like it return in 48 hours after
receiving, and your money refunded ; and if you
make a purchase of us to the amount of $5.00 you
can deduct price of catalogue.

CHILES &

Mount Sterling,

CO.

Kentucky

THE GAME BREEDER 29

CHAMPION MISSISSIPPI SPORT

All American
Champion, 1916

)k Runner Up
™ 11915

[26379 F.D.S.B.

FEE $30.00

Having had a number of requests to breed to Sport by gentlemen wjho want bird dogs, I have decided to allow
him 15 bitches this spring. Sport is a handsome orange and white setter of medium size and a five time winner.
He is a young, vigorous dog that is sure to please those who want to develop bird work and stamina in their stock.
He finds and handles more birds perfectly than any young dog I have seen, and in every race he has been in he
has proved that he is a real bird dog. Sport is not only a field trial champion, but is a delightful dog to shoot
over, as he is thoroughly broken and never seems to tire. His breeding is first class. Send for card.

Ship Bitches to P. C. ELLIS, BOONEVILLE, MISS.
After April 12th, to R. H. SIDWAY, 210 FRANKLIN ST., BUFFALO, NEW YORK.

PHEASANTS

JUST WHAT YOU NEED

Large, splendid Mongolian Cocks to cross on your small
Ring Necks, to increase their size and stamina.

Will make a special price while they last of $5.00 each
or $50.00 a dozen for these "birds. They are all pure
selected brood stock and are in perfect condition.

Safe Arrival Guaranteed,

Ring Neck and Mallard Eggs, $25.00 per Hundred until May 15th.
Mongolian Eggs, $40.00 per Hundred until May 15th.

RIVER LAWN FARM

RALPH H. SIDWAY

21 Franklin Street BUFFALO, IN. Y.

THE GAME BREEDER

CLASSIFIED ADVERTISEMENTS

Announcements inserted under this head in small type for 2 cents per word.
If displayed in heavy type, 5 cents per word. No advertisement accepted for less
than 30 cents. Postage stamps accepted in payment.

THE GAME

150 Nassau Street

BREEDER

New York City

LIVE GAME

PHEASANT AND JAPANESE PHOENIX FOWL
Eggs for sale: several varieties. S V. REEVES, 114
E. Park Ave., Haddonficld. N. J.

QUAIL, PARTRIDGES, WILD FOWL, DEER AND
other animals. See display advertisement in this issue.
WM. J. MACKENSEN, Proprietor Pennsylvania Pheas-
antry and Game Park.

CANADA WILD GEESE AND THEIR GOSLINGS—
A limited number for sale now — the surest way to start
breeding this species. We are the oldest and largest
breeders of Canadas in this country Black and White
Swans. Wild Ducks, etc , for sale. WHEALTON WATER
FOWL FARMS, Chincoteague Island. Va.

WILD TURKEVS— For prices see display advertisement
in this issue. W. J. MACKENSEN, Yardley, Bucks
County, Pa.

FOR SALE— Pheasants and eggs. Everything- in the
pheasant family. Pamphlet witn order free. BUCK-
WOOD PHEASANTRIES, Dunfield, Warren Co., New
Jersey. (lot)

BRED FEMALE MI\K, SKUNKS, FOXES. OPOS-
SUMS Pigeons, dogs. Particulars free. TARMAN,
Box G, Quincy, Penna.

FOR SALE BUKFALO AND ELK IN CAR LOAD
lots or single. Deer, Antelope. Beaver. Mink, Mountain
Lion, Pheasants and Game Birds. Eggs in season.
KENDRTCK PHEASANTRIES, Coronado Building,
Denver. Colorado. 7-/6

FOR SALE- WILD MALLARD DUCKS. $r.j 5 EAC«,
3 for $3.50. Eggs for sale in season. A. J. APPLEBY,
Mgr., Cherry Farm, Chester, N. J.

5 VARIETIES OF PHEASANTS. Wild Mallards,
Wild Geese and game. Fourteen varieties of stand-
ard Poultry, including Turkeys. Also Elk. List free.
G. H. HARRIS. Taylorville. 111.

GOLDEN AND ENGLISH RINGNECK PHEASANT

eggs for hatching. May to August. W.S.ALLISON.

Merrimacport, Mass 7-16

PURE BRED WILD WATERFOWL AT FOLLOW,
ing prices : Mallards. $3.00 per pair. Pintails, $2.50 per
pair. Green Wing Teal, $4.00 per pair. Blue Wirg Teal,
$300 per pair. Also retheads, Gadwalls, Widgeons,
Canvasbacks, Spoonbills, at reasonable prices, for oropa.
gating and scientific purposes. GEORGE J. KLEIN,
Ellinwood, Kansas.

FOR SALE-PAIR GOLDEN, PAIR SILVER PHEAS-

ants, $5.00 each this month. Mallard ducks, $5 00 per

pair, eggs $2.00 per dozen. Stamp for inquiry. A S.

COOPER, Howell. Mich. 3-16

GOLDEN PHEASANTS— $10.00 A PAIR. EGGS 30c

each. FRAN KLIN J. PITTS, 14 Webster St., Taunton,

Mass. 7-16

SAN LORENZO GAME FARM — BREEDER OF
all kinds of pheasants; eggs in season ; also birds
for sale at all times Visitors welcome. Write for
price list. Mrs. S. MATTHI ESSEN, San Lorenzo,
Alameda Co., California. 7-16

WILD MALLARD DECOYS— RAISED ON LICENSED
Wisconsin game farm. Birds $1.50 each, eggs $1.50
per 12. Going fast, don't delay. E. G. SHOWERS,
Onalaska, Wis.

FOR SALE-ENGLISH KINGNECK PHEASANTS,
hens, $5.50 per pair— eggs for hatching $25.00 for 100,
$3.00 per setting. MRS. H. B. PALMER, Mt. Freedom
Ruad, Morristown, N. J.

RINGNECK PHEASANTS -
$2.00. Eggs $2.50-15. $15.00,
4, Gait, Ont.

- $3.50 Pair, extra Hens,
100. A. E. BEYER, R. R.

FOR SALE — WILD MALLARD DUCK, PEKIN
Duck Mammoth Bronze Turkey Eggs. Limited stock,
at $2.00 dozen. Also several very high bred, registered
English Setter male pups. Wanted to buv. 100 gray
squirrel INGERSOLL, Wah-wah-taysee Lodge, Buffalo,
Minn.

GAME BIRDS WANTED

WANTED— MONGOLIAN AND RINGNECK PHEAS-
ANTS and deer for breeding Also cub bear Give
descripiion and prices. CLARE WILLARD, Allegany.
New York.

WANTED — I M ME DIAL ELY, A DOZEN HEN
pheasants in good order. Address G. P. F., 401 N. Pearl
St., Albany, N. Y.

PHEASANTS WANTED. ONLY RARE VARIETIES

such as Tragopans, Manchurian, Firebacks, Impeyans,

etc. Kindly quote price. A.J MERLE, Alameda, Calif.

WANTED— WHITE PEAFOWL, EITHER SEX,
Pied Peafowl, Soemmerring, Cheer, Hoki and German
Peacock Pheasants. Ruffed Grouse, and White Squirrels.
Also Swinhoes; state ptice and number. R. A. CHILES
&'CO., Mt. Sterling, Ky.

WANTED— FANCY AVIARY PHEASANTS, RING-
necks, peacocks, partridges, quail, prairie chickens,
wood and mandarin ducks. Quote prices. ROBERT
HUTCHINSON, Littleton, Colo

DEER WANTED-Wanted, one pair of adult fallow deer.
State price. A C. C, care of The Game Breeder, 150
Nassau St., N. Y. City.

DOGS

NORWEGIAN BEAR DOGS. IRISH WOLFHOUNDS,
English bloodhounds, Russian wolfhounds. American fox-
hounds, lion, cat, deer, wolf, coon and varmint dogs. All
trained. Shipped on trial. Satisfacfion guaranteed or
money refunded. Purchaser to decide. Fifty page highly
illustrated catalogue, 5 c. stamp. ROOKWOOD KEN-
NELS, Lexington, Kentucky.

THE BLUE GRASS FARM KENNELS, of Berry, Ky.,
offer for sale setters and pointers, fox and cat hounds,
wolf and deer hounds. Coon and opossum hounds, var-
mint and rabbit hounds, bear and lion hounds, also Aire-
dale terriers. All dogs shipped on trial, purchaser to
judge the quality, satisfaction guaranteed or money re-
funded. Sixty page, highly illustrated, instructive and
interesting catalogue for ten cents in stamps or coin.

In writing to advertisers please mention The Game Breeder or sign your letters: "Yours for More Game.

THE GAME BREEDER

GAME EGGS

RING NECK PHEASANT EGGS FROM CHOICE

stock. Order now for early delivery. $2 50 per setting

of 15 eggs. EDWARD W. DOLAN, Worthington.

Minn. 5-16

WILD MALLARD DUCK EGGS— APRIL TO MAY
15, iqi6, $15.00 per hundred May 16 to July 5, 1916,
$12 00 per hunded. Safely packed (send draftl. Order
at once. First come, first served (no limit, no discount).
C. BREMAN CO., Danville, Illinois.

ORDERS FOR RINGN'ECK PHEASANT EGGS FOR
season igi6 — Fine healthy stock — Birds not related —
Price $3 50 for 15 DR. HOLMAN, Attleboro, Mass.

PHEASANT EGGS FOR SALE; STRICTLY FRESH
and fertile. I am now booking orders for spring and
summer. Amherst, Golden, Silver. GRAY PHEAS-
ANTRIES, Ward Street, Orange, New Jersey.

EGGS FROM R1NGNECK PHEASANTS, MALLARD
ducks. All the popular breeds of high grade chkkens.
MILL ROAD POUT TRY FARM, Apple Grove
Virginia. ■ 5 _/ 6

PHEASANT, FOR TWELVE EGGS. Golden, Silver,
$4 ; Amherst $8 ; Ringneck $3 ; Rose Comb Buff Leg-
horns $1 for 15. Reliable Pheasant Standard Colored
Plate 75c. T. A. WENDENHALL, Greenville. Ohio.

PHEASANT EGGS FOR HATCH I NG-Chinese ring-
neck $3.00 per dozen. $20.00 per hundred; Golden $4.00
per dozen, Silver $5.00 per dozen, Reeves $7.00 oer dozen.
OREGON BIRD & PHEASANT FARM, Beaverton,
Oregon.

RINGNECK, SILVER AND GOLDEN PHEASANT
eggs for sale. Pure stock and fresh eggs only. Reason-
able. W. L. EDISON, Mornstown, N. J.

FOR SALE, SILVER AND MONGOLIAN PHEASANT
Eggs, also Japanese silkies eggs. DOLY'S PHEAS-
ANTRY, Marmot, Oregon.

MALLARD EGGS. FROM SELECT WINNERS,
$3.50 per 13, $25.00 per hundred ; from utility stock, $2 00
per 13, $15.00 per hundred Early eggs bring better re-
sults Enter order now. CLYDE B. TERRELL, Natur-
alist. Dept. P2. Oshkosb, Wis ■

RINGNECK PHEASANTS. EGGS FOR SALE AT
$2.00 a dozen. ISAAC SPENCER, 10 Wayne Ave.
Ipswich, Mass.

MISCELLANEOUS

"PHEASANT FARMING," AN ILLUSTRATED
practical booklet on pheasant rearing, postpaid, fifty
cents Circular, all necessary pheasant equipment free.
SIMPSON'S PHEASANT FARM, Corvallis, Oregon.

WHITE'S PRESERVE— WILD CELERY AND ALL
kinds of wild duck food, plants and seeds. Also enter-
tain sportsmen. Waterlily, Currituck Sound, Ncrtb Caro-
lina.

BLACK SIBERIAN HARE:— THE DEMAND FOR
fuller information concerning this wonderlul fur-bear-
ing animal is so great that we are forced to publish a
larger booklet to answer the many questions our little
bookie' brought from our customers.

We are deeply indebted to M Shacknoe. Naturalist,
late of Siberia, for the most of the information in this
last and larger booklet, especially the habits of the animal
in the wild state. Booklet 25 cents SIBERIAN HARE
COMPANV. Hamilton, Canada.

WILD DUCKS' NATURAL FOODS Will attract
them, f hese foods collected, examinations made, plant-
ings planned and superintended. Write for free infor-
mation. CLYDE B TERRELL, Specialist on the Natural
Foods of Wild Ducks, Dept. Pi, Oshkosh, Wis.

BLACK SIBERIAN HARE; $10 per pair, $15 per trio.
JOHN W. TALBOT, South Bend, Indiana.

GAMEKEEPERS

SITUATION WANTEU-HEAD GAMEKEEPER OR
Superintendent of large estate or game preserve. Very
capable man to show sport. Thoroughly experienced
rearing pheasants, partridge, quail and wild ducks.
Management of incubators hatching pheasant and duck
eggs. Also breeding, training and handling high class
shooting dogs. Excellent trapper, competent manager.
Reference present employer. GAMEKEEPER, 157 East
69th St., New York.

A MARRIED MAN, EXPERIENCED IN RAISING

pheasants, ducks, geese and poultry; can equip plant
also ex - d in Garden and fruit; .prelei close to large
city ; can furn... oest of reference as 10 ability. Address
S J., Game Breeder. 150 Nassau St., N. Y. C.

A MARRIED MAN, THOROUGHLY EXPERI-
ENCED in breed ng pheasants and other wild game,
training dogs, etc , a man who can meet the public and
conduct correspondence, yet one who Is not afraid of
soiling his hands. Relerei.Cts required. R. K. N., care
of The Game Breeder. 15° Nassau St.. N. Y. City.

GAMEKEEPER REQUIRES SITUATION, UNDER-
stands all duties. Best references from Europe and
this country. Address M. F. care of The Game Breeder,
150 Nassau Street New Vork.

WANTED-SOBER, INDUS TRIOUS. EXPERIENCED
man to raise Pheasants and Turkeys. Will pay a moderate
salary and liberal share of profits. Address giving full
details of qualifications. CHAS. B. WOOD, Hadlyme,
Conn.

UNDERKEEPER— WANTED A GOOD MAN WHO
thoroughly understands pheasant rearing, willing and
obliging. Age aboui 24 years. Send full particulars of
references to REARER, care of The Game Breeder, 150
Nassau St , New York City j-ib

WANT ED- SITUATION
As Superintendent or Manager on a game farm or
preserve. Experienced in game and poultry breeding.
Good reason for desiring change of location. Would
take an interest in a game farm to breed game com-
mercially. Address C. McM.. office of The Game
Breeder, 150 Nassau Street. New York City.

WANTED AT ONCE, EXPERIENCED GAME-
KEEPER. Must understand a little gardening Wife
could supervise bed linen. Houserooms in clubhouse.
State experience and salary expected. Addrsss HOL-
LAND FISH AND GAME ASSOCIATION, Riverton,
Connecticut.

REAL ESTATE

GAME BREEDING FARM WANTED
Wanted to purchase or rent a small place in one
of the Eastern States where game breeding is legal.
A small farm with a pond and stream is desired.
State price and location. M. A. C, care of The
Game Breeder, 150 Nassau St., N. Y. City.

$50.00 BUYS BUNGALOW (100x100) on 2000 acre pri-
vate hunting and fishing Preserve in Vermont ladjoin-
ing Adirondacksi. Pay $10.00 with application and $5.00
monthly. Only desirable persons considered. Title guar-
anteed. Daily mail. Round trip fare from New York City,
$5.00. Will build three room bungalow with porch, run-
ning water and other conveniences for $350.00 lor first
25 accepted applicants. Address for particulars, COOKE,
950 St. Harks Avenue. Brooklyn. New York.

BUNGALOW FOR SALE OR RENT

HAVE WELL BUILT BUNGALOW IV THE MOUN-
tainsof Ulster Co., N.Y., 2 hours from N.Y.City and half-
hour from Poughkeepsie. Bungalow contains 6 rooms,
good artesian well and first-class outbuildings. Will rent
furnished or unfurnished for thecommgsummer. Address
E. DAYTON, 26 Bergen Ave., Jersey City, N.J.

WANTED PARTNER— TO TAKE AN INTEREST
in a deer park and preserve near New York. 150 acres
fenced with eight foot fence, containing deer and an
abundance of ruffed grouse Two trout streams and
splendid water for wild duck breeding G B.. care of The
Game Breeder, 150 Nassau St., New York City.

In writing to advertisers please mention The Game Breeder or sign your letters: "Yours for More G;»roe. M

THE GAME BREEDER

Blue -Winged Teal — Green -Winged Teal
and Other Wild Fowl

For Sale, for stocking purposes only, a fine lot
of Bine-winged and Green- winged Teal; also a few
pin-tailed ducks and some wild bred mallards. These
are legal birds, shipped with State Permit. They
are exempt from game law restrictions and they can
be shipped safely to all parts of the United States
where game breeding is legal or where it is legal to
have live birds in possession.

For particulars and prices, write to

GAME PRESERVER, Care of The Game Breeder

150 Nassau Street New York, N. Y.

Australian Doves

And Other Stock
For Sale

GREEN WING DOVES'
WONGA WONGA DOVES
CRESTED BRONZE WING DOVES

ZEBRA DOVES

BLACK SWAN AND MANDARIN

DUCKS

Write for Prices

HEGER & HARRIS

1917 San Pablo Ave.
OAKLAND - - - CALIFORNIA

Rearing Pheasants

In Small Enclosures

Price, 20 Cents

SEND for a practical treatise on Rear-
ing Pheasants in Small Enclosures.
Contains exact data and complete
instructions for the construction of pens,
coops and runs. Illustrations of pen, shel-
ter shed, coop and run in complete form,
and detached parts of coop and run, with
all measurements clearly shown.

Tells how to set the eggs and care for
the birds from the day they are hatched
until completely grown.

A reliable and dependable formula for
feeding through every stage of their exist-
ence is presented.

It contains nothing that has not been
thoroughly and successfully tried out in
actual practice.

S. V. REEVES

Haddonfield New Jersey

GAME BIRDS

TOR PROPAGATING PURPOSES

Genuine Wild Mallards, Black Duck, Green-wing and Blue-
wing Teal, Pintails, Gadwalls, Shovellers, Wood Duck, Widgeon,
Red- heads, Blue-bills, also a few pairs of extra choice Canvas-backs
and Ring-bills; Canadian, Greater and Lesser Snow, Ross, Brant,
Hutchins, Cackling and Blue Geese, supplied for propagating
purposes. Finest quality in the country.

Golden, Silver, Amherst, Reeves Pheasants at reasonable prices.
I also am booking orders for ring-neck Pheasants reared on my
preserve for delivery in early fall.

I also have rare land and waterfowl from all parts of the world.
Prices quoted for the asking.

JOHN HEYWOOD, Gardner, Mass.

Farms for the Propagation of Wild Fowl.

WILD COTTON-TAIL RABBITS

WILLIAM A. LUCAS, Naturalist, WOODHAVEN, L. I., N. Y.

I offer for immediate delivery 3000 Northern Cotton-Tail Rabbits. Legal
animals for restocking State Game Refuges and Game Preserves.

I guarantee rabbits to be in prime condition. Live arrival guaranteed.
Order now for sure delivery, Correspondence invited.

I offer also a fine lot of Ring-Necked Pheasants of prime quality for
breeding purposes ; Bob-White Quail ; Wild Turkeys ; Reeves Pheasants ;
Golden Pheasants ; Lady Amherst Pheasants ; China Ring-Necked Pheasants
and Mongolian cross breeds. I also carry a full line of ornamental Land and
Water Fowl. Order now for sure delivery.

"Grey Wild Mallard Ducks a Specialty"

Although my prices are higher than those of some competitors, I, however,
deliver nothing that is not of prime quality, my expenses are therefore high,
but my buyers have certain and good results.

WILLIAM A. LUCAS - WOODHAVEN, L. I., NEW YORK

r n

PROFIT AND SATISFACTION

lie in the number of poults that you rear. Thousands die
before they are two weeks old — the result of innutritious food.

IF YOU FEED

SPRATI'S Game food

AND

Pheasant Meals

you can reduce the percentage of mortality to a minimum and
enhance the pleasure of game breeding 100%.

SPRATT'S MANUFACTURE THE FOLLOWING GAME FOODS:

SPRATT'S CHICGRA1N (Contains a choice assortment of care-
fully blended grains and seeds mixed together according to a
formula only known to ourselves).

SPRATT'S PHEASANT MEAL No. 12 (For Pheasant, Partridge
and Quail Chicks).

SPRATT'S PHEASANT MEAL No. 5 (For young Pheasants).

SPRATT'S MAXCO (The most nourishing food obtainable).

SPRATT'S PRAIRIE MEAT "CR1SSEL" (Takes the place of
Ants' Eggs and is a perfect substitute for insect life) .

SPRATT'S WILD DUCK MEAL (The best Food for Ducklings).

SPRATT'S WILD DUCK MANNA (A strong nourishing food).

Send 25c. for "Pheasant Culture."
"Poultry Culture " sent on receipt of 10c.

SPRATT'S PATENT LIMITED

Newark, N. J. San Francisco St. Louis Cleveland Montreal

MAH 12 1921

No. 2

'«

n(A

• .

REMINGTON
UMC

SIT in with any gathering of old stagers with the gun or
rifle, and you can't help coming away impressed anew
with the prestige of Remington UMC.

Your American sportsman has the habit of setting a new
pace for himself- demanding quicker, cleaner shooting at the
traps and in the field — quick to see and take advantage of
any betterment in arms and ammunition.

Results on the target range, at the traps, in the duck blind
or the big game country— that is the test.

Look at the men at the traps— you find that more of them
every day are shooting "Arrow" and "Nitro Club" Steel Lined
Speed Shells.

And the men buying rifles, shotguns, ammunition for Vaca-
tion use — watch how many ask for — Remington UMC.

In any city or town, ask for the dealer who sup-
plies arms and ammunition to the majority of
active sportsmen. You will be pointed to the
dealer who displays the Red Ball Mark of Rem-
ington UMC — the sign of Sportsmen's Head-
quarters in every town.

The Remington Arms Union Metallic Cartridge Co.

Largest Manufacturers of Firearms
and Ammunition in the World.

Woolworth Building NEW YORK

THE GAME BREEDER

'Th€

'Wild Turkey-]

Its restoration, is. im
portant because domes-
tic turkeys are deci-
mated by a di

When Our Land Is Filled
With Game

A FEW years ago America was the greatest
game country in the world. Our woods,
our fields, our water-ways, were teeming
with game birds. Wild turkeys, quail, grouse,
ducks, were familiar sights — to the sportsman; on
the table; and in city markets.

These conditions should again prevail. They
may successfully be brought about through game
farming.

Game farming does not necessarily require a large
amount of land and involves little expense in time
and money. The work in itself is intensely interest-
ing and affords both profit and pleasure to those who
indulge in it. I

Results from Game Farming

In the first place game birds of many kinds com-
mand high prices in city markets. Their eggs are
eagerly sought by* breeders. Secondly, if you are
fond of hunting, the birds you raise will provide ex-
cellent sport and food. Or if you prefer, and if you
own large acreage, you may lease the privilege of
shooting over your land. This does not mean that
the sport of hunting, so far as the general public is
concerned, will be restricted. On the contrary it
will be increased; for game raised for sporting pur-
poses cannot be closely confined in any given area.

If you are interested in game farming from any standpoint,
you should write for a booklet which takes up the subject in
a broad way and gives much interesting and valuable informa-
tion regarding it.

The book is called "Game Farming for Profit and Pleas-
ure." It is well worth reading. Write for a copy. Use
the coupon below.

Game Breeding Department, Room 204

HERCULES POWDER COi

Wilmington, Delaware

Manufacturers of Explosives; Infallible and "E.C."

Smokeless Shotgun Powders; L & R. Orange Extra

Black Sporting Powder; Dynamite for farming.

Game Breeding Department, Room 204

Herculea Powder Company, Wilmington, Del.

Gentlemen: — Please send me a copy of Game Farming for Profit and Pleasure. I am interested in tame breeding from

the standpoint of.

Very truly yours.

THE GAME BREEDER

Our Wild Fowl and Waders

A Practical Book on the Breeding of Wild Fowl
for Sport and for Profit

With Numerous Illustrations.

Contains chapters on the Preservation of Snipe and Woodcock.

Many readers of the Game Breeder have bred thousands of Wild Ducks
by following the instructions in this book.

DUCK BREEDING IS PROFITABLE.

PRICE, $1.50; Special Signed Edition, $2.00.

THE GAME BREEDER, 150 Nassau Street, New York

Heating and Cooking Stoves for
Clubs and Cottages

The Camp Cook Stove

This is an ideal cook stove for the
Mining, Lumber and Military
Gamps; will work just as well in
the open air as indoors.

Construction Companies working

arge gangs of men will find this
well suited to their requirements.:.

IRONSIDES

STOVES

Radnor Ranges
Home Victor Ranges
Victor Cook Dobule Oven

Ranges
Hotel Ranges
Royal Victor Ranges
No. 10 Ironsides t Cook
Patrol Wood Stove
No. 90 Ironsides
Haddqn Ranges

Index Heating Stoves
Solar Kent Heating

A FEW OF THE LEADING

Home Victor Hot Water Stoves

Farmer Girl Cook

New H. A. Elm Double Heaters

Vulcan Double Heaters Prompt Ranges

Tropic Sun Heating Stoves Cozy Ranges

Haddon Hercules Heating Stoves Victor Cook Ranges

Ormond Ranges Loyal Victor Ranges

No. 15 Hot Blast Heating Stoves .Victor Hotel Ranges

Victor Gem Cook ' Elm Ranges

Laundry Stoves Farmer Boy Cook Stoves

FURNISHED -

.Our Friend Cook Stoves -
' Sejitry Wood Stoves

Stoves I Home, Victor Cellar Furnaces
Home Cellar Furnaces
• Victor Cellar Furnaces ■-■
' Victor Solar CellarFurnaces
JParmer's Furnaces and

■ Cauldrons

Manufactured by

S. Y,REEVES, 45 N. 2nd St., Philadelphia, Pa.

In -Wr^tijig-tQ advertisers please mention The Game Breeder or sign your letters: "Yours for More Game."

^•=v-

THE GAME BREEDER

Teach Them To Shoot

Don't corner all of the sport. Teach your brother, father
or sister to shoot. Show them the fun they can have with
a gun. Get them out to the

Beginner's Day Shoots

Last year these shoots were a striking success at every
live gun club in the country. This June they will be bigger
than ever with beautiful trophies for all of the winners.

Fobs for the Men Spoons for the Women Cups for the Clubs

A beautiful Sterling watch
fob will be given to each
man (beginner) making
the best score at each
Beginner's Day Shoot.

A Sterling Silver spoon of
artistic design will be
given to each woman (be-
ginner) making the best
score at each shoot.

The two clubs in each state
having the largest number
of beginners participating
in each shoot will receive a
beautiful silver loving cup.

June is the Month

Get ready now ! Any club in the country
may hold a Shoot on any day or days in
June. Get your members working. Have
each one pledge himself to bring at least one
beginner. Write at once for full details and
conditions.

TRAPSHOOTING DEPARTMENT

£. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co.

WILMINGTON DELAWARE

If you are a beginner write for a letter of introduction
to the secretary of the nearest club hold-
ing a Beginner's Day Shoot.

First Prize
to clubs

Silver Loving^

Cup 9 inches

high.

Second Prize
to clubs

Silver Loving

Cup TA inches

high.

36 THE GAME BREEDER

CONTENTS

Survey of the Field — An Open Market — Get Busy — Game Breeding

Clubs — Massachusetts Behind the Times — Another Error — The "Mile

High" — Echo Answers Why? — Game in the National Forests Fishing

Licenses — Calling Out the Troops — A Better Way — A Pot Shot at Deer
— One on the Editor.

Quail Preserving - - - - - - D. W. Huntington

Partridge Shooting in Hungary ... Capt. C. E. Radcliffe

Hare Driving in Hungary .-..'-' - - - Capt. C, E. Radcliffe

Breeding Canada Geese - - - - - - H. S. Little

How I Got My Wild Blood - - - - - J. D. McClintic

More Cat Tales Edward Howe Forbush

Notes from the Game Farms and Preserves.

Guinea Hens as Insect Eaters — The Watch Dog and the Owl —

More About Duck Breeding — Care and Feed for Young Turkeys

Importance of Range for Wild Turkeys A Mixed Ration for

Pheasants.

Editorials — At Last ! — Our Grouse and Quail — Partridges and Hares.
Correspondence — Outings and Innings.

To THE GAME BREEDER,

150 Nassau Street, New York.

Please send me THE GAME BREEDER, for one year.

$1.00 enclosed.

Name

Street -.

City

State.

N. B.— Write Name and Street Address plainly and state if you
wish back numbers of the magazine to the first of the year.

T he . Game Breeder

Published Monthly. Entered as second-class matter. July 9, 1915, at the Post Office, New York City,

New York, under the Act of March 3, 1879.

VOLUME IX

MAY, J9J6
Co}

SURVEY OF THE FIELD.

NUMBER 2

An Open Market.

The New York market is now open to
sale of certain game produced by game
breeders in the other States. It is a pity
that only a few common species can
come in but soon we will give the quail
grouse and other game the same benefits
now extended to pheasants, ducks and
deer.

Get Busy.

Game breeders in all of the States
should get busy. Game brings splendid
prices in New York and there is a big
demand. We shall publish market re-
ports and prices from time to time and
always we are glad to give our many
readers information as to how and where
to sell the game they produce.
Game Breeding Clubs.

Game Breeding Clubs, composed of
sportsmen of moderate means, now can
be safely organized everywhere. The
sale of part of the game can be made
to pay all or a good part of the running
expenses. Our advice is to breed far
more than you can possibly eat and to
shoot some big bags for the people
to eat at excellent prices. You can
make the people friendly to sport and
pay your running expenses. We hope
some clubs will declare cash dividends.
Massachusetts.

The Massachusetts Commissioners
have issued another very good Report —
as usual. It opens with the statement:
"Attention is again called to the peculi-
arly favorable opportunities for inten-
sive utilization of latent food-producing
resources. It is reasonable to state that
few departments of government reach so
directly and intimately the vital inter-

ests of all the people as does the depart-
ment of fisheries and game, not alone as
stimulating recreative and health-produc-
ing sports, but even more by assisting in
the annual production of important food.
Fresh-water fish, birds and game are
peculiarly responsive to correct methods
of artificial propagation. Similarly,
methods for increasing production must
be applied to the salt-water fisheries and
other natural resources of the common-
wealth."

The Massachusetts Commission long
has been right in its ideas that all of the
people should have game and fish to eat
and there is abundant evidence in the
report that the Commission still believes
in the encouragement of game and fish
breeding for sport and for profit. Many
State game officers can learn much from
Massachusetts.

Behind the Times.

California Fish and Game, describing
the work of one of our members, Mr.
Charles Shaw, who is rearing wild ducks
on the Briggs ranch, says: "For many
years past the preserves of Great Britain
have reared thousands of wild fowl and
used them to augment shooting, but little
has been done in this direction in the
United States."

This is quite an error. Wonders have
been performed in the United States.
Many clubs now have thousands of
hand-reared ducks and some of our
members who have their own duck
plants in other States had many ducks
for sale last year and were disgusted be-
cause they could only get 50 cents each
for them in the local markets, while New
York breeders were getting $3.00 and
even $4.00 a brace for all the ducks they

THE GAME BREEDER

wished to market. The writer reared
one season several years ago, oyer 2,500
mallards from- 170 stock birds. These r
ducks were kept in a small inclosure sur-
rounding an artificial pond. Members
of the Game Conservation Society now
sell hundreds of thousands of wild eggs
every season and this year many thous-
ands of eggs will be shipped to Cali-
fornia and other Western States.

Another Error.

It is an error also to say, "for many
years past the preserves of Great Britain
have reared thousands of wild fowl and
used them to augment shooting." Pheas-
ants have been reared for many years
but it is not so very long since it was
believed to be impossible to rear wild
ducks in England on account of their
wildness and migratory habits. Now,
however, nearly every country place in
England has an abundance of wild
ducks ; the people have plenty to eat and
the prices are low. Hundreds of thous-
ands, probably millions, of eggs are sold,
the price usually being £2 per hundred.
All these facts and others are fully re-
cited in the book, "Our Wild Fowl and
Waders," published by the Game Con-
servation Society, price $1.50. We will
send this book to California Fish and
Game for educational purposes and for
review, upon request — without charge,
of course. The Society has a small fund
for educational purposes and delights
in promoting duck breeding and all other
kinds of game breeding.

A number of our California readers,
besides Mr. Shaw, now have wild ducks.
One reports a good sale of eggs under a
permit from the Commission promptly
issued. There have been some com-
plaints that it took so long to get a per-
mit that the eggs spoiled before they
could be moved. This, if true, is as bad
as holding quails until they become dis-
eased and then deciding that they can
not be imported.

The "Mile High."

The Rocky Mountain News says:
Not long 1 since we commended an Illinois
gun club for giving up spring shooting and
recognizing the provisions of the federal law

that is in dispute in the courts. Coming nearer
home we take pleasure in congratulating the
Mile High Gun Club of Denver for going still
further and taking steps for the protection and
propagation of wild life by limiting the shoot-
ing season and creating preserves for birds
and hatcheries for trout within its grounds.

"There is a public sentiment that is greater
than laws," said Secretary Cliff Webb of the
club in explaining that organization's position.
Certainly without public sentiment behind it a
statute is like a blank cartridge. This club is
not taking advantage of the law's delay on the
federal migratory bird law and shooting in the
spring at a time when it is more easy to decoy
the birds, and, should the law be declared in-
valid, it would make no difference to this or-
ganization. Killing game in the spring time,
law or no law, is contrary to nature and
would soon result in extermination.

Echo Answers Why?

Mr. Cliff Webb, one of the pioneer
sportsmen of Colorado, says :

"I believe it can be said with justice
that the sportsmen of Colorado are de-
sirous of seeing the enforcement of any
laws which will really protect the game,
but it must be remembered that Colo-
rado has been in a peculiar position.
Why should it be possible for a rancher
whose land is partly in Wyoming and
partly in Colorado to fish all the year
round on his Wyoming land, while just
across the Colorado line he cannot cast
a fly before May 25 and not fish after
October 31?

"We permit dove shooting fifteen days
in Colorado, while across the line in New
Mexico I believe there is a dove season
of sixty days, and it was not so long ago
that there was no closed season at all on
doves. I have been in Durango when
Colorado sportsmen could not hunt
ducks, yet we could drop across the New
Mexico line and have all the duck shoot-
ing we wanted. Colorado . should have
better game laws, and it should have uni-
form laws with New Mexico and Wyom-
ing.

Game in the National Forests.

Since the national forests take in prac-
tically all the wildest parts of the Rocky
Mountains it follows naturally that there
is excellent sport to be had in many of
thpm.

The descriptive folder of the Routt

THE GAME BREEDER

National Forest in Colorado says: "In
all these mountains 'bear, deer, elk,
mountain sheep, and grouse are to be
found and most of the streams afford
excellent trout fishing." It then gives a
synopsis of the State game laws and
makes the following plea to the public,
to whom the use of the forest is so freely
extended : "Please assist the forest serv-
ice and the State of Colorado in pro-
tecting game by not burning up their
shelter through leaving your camp-fire
unextinguished ; and leave the condition
of your camp so that it will not pollute
the streams which have been stocked for
your pleasure, at great expense and un-
der trying circumstances, by the govern-
ment and State." — March "Outing."

Fishing Licenses.

The attitude of all the forest, fish and
game associations and rod and gun clubs
in New York State on the proposal of
the conservation commission that a fish-
ing license law be enacted is to be taken,
according to a letter just mailed by Con-
servation Commissioner George D. Pratt
to the officers of these associations. The
letter also asks for the sense of the asso-
ciations regarding the proposal that each
holder of a hunting and fishing license
wear upon his clothing, at all times
when hunting or fishing, a button bear-
ing the number of his license.

As we go to press we are informed
that the salt water fishermen succeeded
in defeating the bill to license anglers.

Calling Out the Troops.

For the first time since the "more
game" movement was started it is
deemed necessary to call out the troops
for a war against the game ; war has
been declared on the deer. The follow-
ing is the story as it appeared in the
World, New York. :

Shelter Island (N. Y.) will be the scene of
a hunting party next Monday, when twenty-
seven National Guardsmen will be?in the
slaughter of all the deer on the island. The
killing has been ordered by State Conservation
Commissioner George D. Pratt because deer
have become a nuisance to the farmers, hav-
ing eaten up many acres of produce.

Suffolk County sportsmen are angry at the
proposed slaughter of the 200 deer and will

en.er a vigorous protest at Abany. But it is
likely their objections will fall on deaf ears,
as the question underwent long consideration
before official action was taken.

The deer were brought to the island many
years ago by S. M. Smith, "the Borax King,"
and kept on his private preserve. A few es-
caped and the number has increased greatly.

The slaughtered deer will be shipped to the
State hospitals for the insane.

Wrong Deer Slaughter.

Under the above heading the New
York Press says :

The Conservation Commission does not live
up to its name when it gives orders to ex-
terminate all the deer on Shelter Island. The
fact that the venison will be sent to Brooklyn
hospitals and charitable institutions is no re-
compense for the ruthless slaughter scheduled.

At the present time the Conservation Com-
mission is putting forth great efforts to re-
stock the Adirondacks with elk, an animal
which in our grandfathers' day furnished
noble sport and called many men to a season
out of doors. Deer are not a pest in the
Adirondacks.

We published not long ago an ex-
cellent article about how the California
Elk which were doing a lot of damage
were trapped and distributed to people
who wanted the animals and to public
parks where the only damage they might
do would fall on the private or public
owners of the Elk.

Several contentions of The Game
Breeder are emphasized by the calling
out of the State troops to destroy the
game on Shelter Island, N. Y.

We have often said it is an easy mat-
ter to have "more game." We have even
pointed out places where quails were
over abundant, where they eat too many
grapes, and places where game keepers
decided to "thin them out" (the bob-
whites) after several thousands had been
shot for sport and for food.

We have said repeatedly that the State
should not pasture State animals in the
farmers' orchards and fields, to his irre-
parable damage, in order to be able to
afford targets for $1.00 licensed tres-
passers. We have said often that the
State can not make public play-grounds
of country lawns, gardens, grain fields,
and pastures, and expect the owners to
keep up a head of game as an induce-
ment for all classes of sportsmen, re-

THE GAME BREEDER

sponsible and irresponsible, to shoot the
game, the poultry, the farm animals or
even human beings. We have said often
the farmer who wants deer or other
game should have them, stand the dam-
age they do and sell the meat.

It will be a remarkable spectacle if the
program for the war on the deer on
Shelter Island is carried out. We can
picture a State Conservation Commis-
sioner, mounted on a war horse, with
drawn sword, charging the deer at the
head of his troops. The plan of battle,
as it is outlined in the daily papers, con-
templates avoiding any close encounters
with the antlered herd until the deer are
in full retreat and have been driven to
the edge of the island where the blue
waters of Long Island Sound are too
wide and too deep to give any chance for
the escape of the enemy. Here the in-
fantry are expected to close in and by
volley firing to make the annihilation
complete. Fathers and mothers, the last
named pregnant with young, are all to
die together at the hands of Conserva-
tionists and the allied militia. We never
thought the "more game" movement
would lead to this. A change of the
name of the Game Conservation Society,
publishers of The Game Breeder, is con-
templated.

A Better Way.

There clearly is a better way of hand-
ling deer than to shoot them all down in
the spring time. The State of New York
has a big public play-ground where, at
certain seasons, sportsmen are permitted
to shoot the deer, and each other, to their
heart's content, that is provided the heart
is contented with one or two deer. The
fray for most individuals usually ends
for the season with the death of one
sportsman shot down because he looked
like a deer.

The Shelter Island deer and the deer
in other farming regions, where they are
regarded as a nuisance, should be
trapped and turned down in the Adiron-
dacks where they will thrive until the
time for the venison harvest arrives.

Massachusetts has a good rule. Any
farmer who is damaged by deer puts in
a claim and the State pays for the dam-

age. He raises his crop, and in places
where deer occur in fair numbers, he has
a sure customer at a fair price.

Vermont has a somewhat similar law,
we believe, and the fusilade on the
farms, when the wild meat season is
open, is said to be lively. We never
heard if the little yellow horse dropped
in the shafts or the colt killed by a stray
bullet just after he had been put in a
barn to escape the dangers of the bat-
tle were paid for. They should be, of
course, if public sport is expected to re-
main popular.

A Pot Shot at Deer.

About the year 1730, John Rider of
Plymouth killed three deer at a shot in
that town. It was in a summer season,
in a rye field * * * It was out of
season by law to kill deer. The Superior
Court, then in session in that town, ex-
cused the man on the spot, it being in.
protection of his standing grain. — Col-
lections of Massachusetts Historical So-
ciety, cited in Report of the Massachus-
etts Commissioners of Fish and Game.

This was clearly a case of justifiable
cervicide and courts would do well to
follow the precedent When boys are
brought in for defending cabbage-
patches from rabbits.

One on the Editor.

Owing to the unavoidable absence of
the Editor last month, Mr. Hill, the Vice
President of the Game Conservation So-
ciety, took charge of the magazine. One
of the readers said to the Editor a few
days ago that he thought the April num-
ber was one of the best ever issued. The
Editor agreed with him.

p_ s. — As we go to press we learn that
the battle with the deer has been called
off. Sportsmen have arranged- to have
them trapped and shipped to private
game preserves, the proper place for
such animals when found outside of pub-
lic parks. ^

Subscribe for The Game Breeder, only
$1 a year.

THE GAME BREEDER

QUAIL PRESERVING.
WILD BREEDING METHODS.

By D. W. Huntington.

The best methods for rearing quail
abundantly both for sport and for profit
are the methods which have been used
to make the gray partridges plentiful in
Great Britain and on the Continent of
Europe. By far the best and the cheap-
est shooting which American sportsmen
can undertake is quail shooting on the
farms, which are for the most part
posted against all shooting. The area of
the posted farms which are suitable for
quail preservation is tremendous and
since the number of farms which are
posted is increasing, and since the tend-
ency of our legislation rapidly is in the
direction of prohibiting quail shooting
for terms of years or at all times, there
should be no possible prejudice against
the inexpensive clubs or syndicates of
sportsmen who arrange with the land-
owners to produce quail for shooting on
the farms. Large numbers of these
birds should be marketed .every season
to pay the cost of production.

It was the fashion a few years ago for
shooting clubs to rent the shooting rights
on a number of farms and to purchase
and liberate a lot of quail every season.
I have purchased quail for such clubs
when, it was legal to trap and sell birds
in some of the States, but since nothing
was done in the way of game preserving,
the foxes and other vermin took a good
part of the purchased stock and the
sportsmen shot what was left and relied
upon the purchase of new birds each
season in order to keep up some indiffer-
ent shooting. I have been told some re-
markable stories by superintendents of
clubs about the evident destruction of
birds by foxes and other vermin after
the quail were liberated, and, of course,
the system was entirely wrong. It sim-
ply amounted to trapping live birds in
Kansas, Oklahoma, North Carolina and
the other States and turning the birds
down at the Wyandangh, the Long
Island Country Club, the Nitany, or

some of the many other clubs, to feed
vermin and to provide some fair shoot-
ing, possibly for one year, and very little
thereafter. It was necessary to pur-
chase birds every season. The quail
were trapped in one State to be ex-
terminated in another. State game de-
partments also were engaged in the same
folly, and often I have thought that a
capable game officer of a Southern State
was absolutely right when he refused to
grant a permit, as he had the right to
do, to a! State officer in a State where
the quail had become scarce, to purchase
a lot of quail and move them to places
where a sure extermination awaited
them.

The secret of success in quail breeding
consists in making the ground safe and
attractive. Ground is made safe when
the numerous natural enemies of the
game are controlled, and when no dogs,
cats, rats or poachers are permitted to
destroy the eggs or birds. On suitable
ground the quail quickly will become
tremendously abundant and remain so,
although thousands be shot every season.
The guns simply take the birds which
vermin would have taken in the absence
of beat-keepers.

Ground is made attractive by making
suitable nesting sites and safe small
covers at frequent intervals. In the good
old days of quail abundance many fields
were enclosed with rail fences, the angles
of which were full of grass, weeds and
briars. The woods, also, contained much
undergrowth, brush and briars ; there
was plenty of berries, sumacs, wild roses,
and many other natural foods for the
quail, and numerous covers for the birds
where ground and winged vermin found
it difficult or impossible to destroy them.
All sportsmen know that a freshly
plowed field, a meadow, a pasture and
all other fields surrounded by wire fences
and entirely devoid of cover and natural
foods, and open woodlands, containing

THE GAME BREEDER

no brush or briars, will not harbor any
quail. No one would think of running
dogs over vast areas laid down in grass
or planted in fall wheat, or over any
naked fields without food or cover, even
at the fences. Some of my favorite
quail grounds have been made absolutely
uninhabitable by reason of the introduc-
tion of wire fences, without food or
cover, about fields such as I have re-
ferred to. All such places, however, can
be made to yield quail abundantly pro-
vided small areas of quail foods be
planted and patches of berry-briars,
sumac and wild roses be made to shelter
the covies and supply the necessary
foods. A strip of ground planted espe-
cially for the birds, running either side
of a wire fence, will make the field safe
and attractive, and in large fields a quail
garden might well be made in the center
and enclosed with a large mesh chicken
wire. The important foods for quail
are berries and other fruits, sumac, wild
roses, and various grains, especially
wheat, buckwheat, and corn. A half acre
planted here and there with these grains
and bordered with blackberry briars,
wild roses, sumac and some wild grasses
and brush will make the most unattrac-
tive ground attractive and comparatively
safe. A beat-keeper should be em-
ployed to persistently destroy the ver-
min on his beat, which should not ex-
ceed a thousand or twelve hundred acres,
and he should be on hand in the winter
to find and feed the birds during severe
weather. A few artificial covers where
the birds have grain and grit will save

mem from climatic losses, but to keep up
a good supply of birds the covers and
foods should be made and kept plentiful
and evenly distributed. Where there are
small thickets these should be freed from
vermin and a litle grain should be planted
and left standing near them. The
ground used for covers and foods should
be rented, of course, and the more foods
and covers planted the better.

No one can be expected to breed quail
or any other game or to provide the
necessary foods and covers and to de-
stroy the vermin in States where quail
shooting is prohibited. While it un-
doubtedly is necessary in many States to
stop the shooting, so long as no one
looks after the game, all breeders should
be excepted from such laws and given
every encouragement to make the quail
plentiful on farms which they own or
which they rent for shooting or breeding
purposes. As soon as it is legal for
breeders to sell some of their game, the
sale of a very little of it will pay all the
expenses of a well-conducted shoot or
preserve. "•

I know places where the quail have
been made tremendously abundant, and
where they are kept plentiful year after
year, although thousands of birds are
shot every season. There are no such
places in the States where quail shooting
is prohibited or where the seasons are
very short and the bag limits very small,
and where the lands are made more and
more unsafe and more and more un-
attractive because they are closely culti-
vated and the natural covers and foods
are destroyed.

PARTRIDGE SHOOTING IN HUNGARY.

By Captain C. E. Radcliffe.

Probably there is no more extraordi-
nary sight to the eyes of a shooting man
than that which he sees on his first visit
to one of the vast Hungarian estates on
the fertile plains of that fine country,
where the owner takes an interest in the
preservation of his domains for par-

tridge shooting. The average head of
game per acre is positively bewildering,
even to those who are accustomed to the
best estates in the eastern counties of
England.

For the purpose of illustrating how
the sport is carried on in Hungary, a few

THE GAME BREEDER 4$

notes will be given upon the shooting affect the birds much if one may judge-
over an estate which can boast of being by the number on the ground, and it con-
the finest natural partridge shooting in sideraJbly assists the keepers in killing.
Hungary, and therefore the best in off the vermin, in which respect also.
Europe. • Hungary is plentifully supplied.

About three hours' journey by train In this country, as the partridges are
from Budapest, in the district of Nyitra- far more forward than with us, par-
M.egye, is situated the estate of Tot- tridge shooting opens on August 1st, but
Megyer, which is owned by Count Louis at Tot-Megyer, where only a few days''
Karolyi, and here indeed is par excel- partridge shooting annually take place,,
lence the home of the partridge. When and a great area of the ground is not
speaking of this estate as the best nat- shot over at all, it is the custom to shoot
ural shooting in Hungary, it is meant to late in August or early in September,
distinguish it from other places in the The actual number of days' partridge
country where a curious custom is some- shooting is generally only ten in all —
times adopted of buying large quantities five days early in the season, and again
of birds from other estates and turning five days' hare driving in November,
them down on the ground to be shot a over the same ground, when also a good
short time before shooting. By this number of partridges are killed,
means the extraordinary bag of 2,983 As the fences are few and far be-
partridges in a day was killed in 1893 by tween, the general manner of shooting
a party of eight guns shooting over the is for the guns to walk in line, with a
estates of St. Johann, then owned by the number of beaters between each gun,
late Baron Hirsch. Again, in 1894, at and behind each gun a man carrying a
the same place, eight guns bagged 2,725 red flag on a long pole, so that it is
partridges in a day. The former of easy to see the general line of advance
these two stands as a record for numbers and the respective positions of the guns
in one day, but as it has been closely when moving through the fields of stand-
approached at Tot-Megyer, where none ing maize, which is often higher than a
but bona fide wild birds are shot, the man's head. As a general rule, crops
two can scarcely be compared. of maize are sown in long strips, with

The actual extent of Tot-Megyer es- spaces between each where corn of
tates is about 60,000 English acres, of various kinds is also sown. The strips
which some 7,400 acres are coverts, and of each are from about 50 to 150 yards
the remainder cultivated land. The wide, and as soon as the corn has been
crops which are cultivated chiefly consist -harvested the birds take refuge in the
of maize and various kinds of corn, with maize during the heat of the day. When
a certain quantity of mangolds and other the maize is very high it is almost im-
roots. The land is so fertile and rich possible to see or shoot well in it. There-
in natural food for partridges, that it fore, as the line of guns and beaters
is not difficult to see in the autumn how walk across the line or strips in which
it is possible for it to carry such an the crops are sown, the most effective
immense head of game as it does. But plan is for each gun, on entering a high
the natural question which strikes the bit of maize, to push on in advance of
mind of a stranger is, how do all these the general line of beaters, and to stand
partridges live in the severe winters on the edge of the open stubble on the
when the ground is often a long while other side, where he can see to shoot.
deep beneath the snow ? The answer The clouds of partridges which come out
is, that in such cases vast quantities of of each strip of maize are absolutely
wheat are strewn about on the snow bewildering. At first, before any birds
by the keepers for the benefit of the have been scattered, coveys come out
partridges. Another thing which strikes four and five at a time and get packed
the English eye is the absence of any like grouse. Al these birds rising close
hedges or suitable places for the birds round the euns. together with swarms
to nest in, but this does not appear to of hares, which jump up in every direc-

THE GAME BREEDER

tion, present the most extraordinary
sight as they go streaming across the
open stubble, and the shooting is pretty
lively all along the line until the arrival
of the beaters into the open space,
when there is a brief halt to pick up
the birds. A few small boys follow each
gun, and it is their particular duty to
collect and carry what falls to the gun
of each shooter whom they follow. Un-
doubtedly, to judge from the zeal which
these urchins display in trying to claim
every bird which they can see, they
make small wagers amongst themselves
on the result of the pick-up, during the
day, that is credited to their respective
masters. Retrievers are not often used,
and consequently many runners are lost
in the high maize; but it would be hard
to prevent any dog from flushing scores
of birds if put on a running partridge
only a few yards in front of the line.
With the exception of one or two dogs
used by the head keepers behind the
line, retrievers are hardly at all in evi-
dence.

If any of these vast fields are for-
tunate enough to possess one or more
fences, the usual mode adopted to walk
in line, driving the birds ahead, until a
fence is reached, when the guns halt,
and the beaters go round and drive back
the birds over the line of guns, thus
making a pleasant variation from the
continuous walking in line and shooting
straight in front. The season of 1902

was considered a bad one at Tot-Megyer
on account of the heavy hailstorms,
which killed many young birds early in
the season. For this reason there were
no regular big days' shooting over the
estate, but only four short days. On
the first two days two guns bagged 260
brace of birds and on the 27th and 28th
of August a party of three guns, consist-
ing of Count L. Karolyi, Prince Z. Odes-
calehi, and the present writer, bagged
390 brace, the last day yielding 227
brace in less than five hours' shooting.
Had the number of guns been six or
seven, the bags would have been more
than doubled each day, as with such a
small party the coveys kept breaking on
the flanks of the line, and birds were
never scattered, nor the conveys broken
up. The last-named bag was made in
one field of less than 300 acres, and as
an example of what a larger party can
do, it may be mentioned that the bag
on the same ground in 1901, with a party
of ten guns, was 905 brace in the day.
This day is a record for Tot-Megyer.
In September. 1901, ten guns bagged
3,510 brace in five days' shooting, and
the bag for the season 1901 in ten days'
shooting, of which five days were in
September and five days were devoted
to hare driving in November, shows a
total of over 5,000 brace of birds — a
bag which could easily have been
doubled by a few more days' shooting
early in the season.

HARE DRIVING IN HUNGARY.

By Captain C. E. Radcliffe.

In Hungary, on some estates, the
hares are so numerous that they are
positively a nuisance, especially early
in the season, when walking through
ithe maize! fields after partridges, for
then they keep rushing madly about
along the line of beaters and guns, and
in such numbers that the ground in
places seems alive with them. Here,
however, it is forbidden to shoot them
when out partridge shooting, since the

great hare drives are reserved for the
month of November, when the land has
been cleared of crops. The Hungarian
hare is a larger animal than its English
neighbor, but differs in no respects as
regards its timidity and its frantic
rushes to break back through a line of
beaters and guns when hustled about on
strange ground.

The general method of conducting one
of the great hare shoots in which Hun-

THE GAME BREEDER 45

gary excels is as follows: The guns, Hungarian records. Here the hare

usually from eight to ten in number, are drives take place in November, and gen-

tormed in line with several beaters be- erally last rive- or six days, the average

tween each gun. The whole line covers bag being about 1,000 hares per day.

perhaps a mile or more of front. From The best bag in one day was 1,512 hares

each flank of the line a large number with eight guns in 1900. The late Count

of men are sent forward, and placed Karolyi, who was well known for many

at intervals in a long line at right angles years as the Hungarian Ambassador in

to the line of guns. These flankers may England, once tried "to see what bag he

be as many as you please, and cover a could make to his own gun. For this

distance of varying extent, according to purpose he selected his estate of Stomla,

the number of men employed. About which is some distance from Tot-Meg-

150 men are generally employed in each yer, and is celebrated for its number of

of the flank lines. When the whole hares. Here he adopted a drive similar

party is formed up, it is really three to the method described, with the excep-

sides of a vast square lined with men, tion that when the drivers swept back

the front of the square, which is the the ground towards him, they were

general line of advance, being left open, formed in the shape of a huge soda-

At a given signal, which is generally a water bottle, whilst he stood as! it were

note from the head keeper's horn, the in the neck of the bottle. The result of

whole body of men and guns advance, this day's shoot was the extraordinary

each keeping their respective positions bag of 600 hares in a little less than

and distances. It is not long before the five hour's shooting, When Count Karo-

whole ground in front of the guns is lyi decided to stop, and as far as the

alive with moving hares.. This general writer's knowledge serves him, this bag

advance is maintained for a long dis- stands as a record for one gun on any

tance, often as far as two or three miles, one day's hare shooting in the world,

with only occasional halts to collect the It is pleasant in these days to see

bag. During this period it is the duty flocks of the Great Bustard on some

of the flankers to keep as many hares of these Hungarian estates. Here one

as possible within the square in front can see, even from the train, a few

of the guns. When the advance is con- miles from Vienna, these fine birds walk-

sidered to have been continued far ing about on the open country. A cer-

enough, the guns halt and form up at tain number of them are annually shot,

convenient distances, to cover the ground but they are very wary, and like the

between them. The flankers then con- bustards on the plains at Jerez in Spain,

verge and close the open end of the they are well able to take care of them-

square, and being joined by the other selves. The method generally adopted

beaters, they form a semicircle and in Hungary to approach them is by

sweep back the country in front of the means of a horse and cart carrying a

guns, thus driving numbers of hares load of hay or straw, in which the shooter

back which have been all day moving in is hidden, and by this means he may be

front of the line, and also encircling lucky enough to get one shot at a

many fresh ones, together with swarms bustard after many miles of manoeuv-

of partridges, which latter, if the wind ring his cart. Occasionally a few are

is favorable, give the finest shots imag- shot in the big drives, when some less

inable, as they come rocketing over the wary than the rest pass over the guns,
guns in the open.

As the estates of Tot-Megyer were

selected to exemplify Hungarian par- How absurd it seems to permit every-

tridge shooting, a few notes on the bag one to shoot 25 birds or some other num-

of hares generally made there will suf- ber per diem and to deny to breeders the

fice, although these bags, unlike those of right to take a similar number for propa-

the partridges, must not be taken as gation.

THE GAME BREEDER

An Old Orchard — a Good Place for Geese.

BREEDING CANADA GEESE.

H. S. Little.

In April, 1904, I bought my first pair
of Canada geese. They did not breed
the first year, as I did not get them
early enough to have them get accus-
tomed to the range; the next spring
the goose laid five eggs which hatched
and were all raised.

I have been increasing my flock by
adding pairs of breeders and now have
a number of pairs that have been breed-
ing for the last few years.

We have about five acres in an old
orchard with a brook running through
it about ten months of the year, and
an artificial pond at the lower end, the
geese are kept here the year round ;
they feed on the low ground near the
brook and do not require grain, except
when the grass is covered with snow.
We allow them to nest as they please;
some pairs will nest near the pond, build-
ing up a pile of grass and weeds ; others
will use shredded wheat cases that we
put out for our ducks to nest in.

I have tried taking the eggs away and

placing under hens, but with no success,
as the geese never laid a second clutch
and the hens did not raise as many gos-
lings as the old geese would.

Our geese average about five eggs,
some will lay seven, but that is the
largest number I ever had.

The young are very hardy; they will
follow the old geese a few hours after
they are hatched. On our range they
do not require feeding, as they gain rap-
idly on grass alone. Sometimes I give
them one feed a day of Spratts' Patent
game meal for a week or so to give them
a good start. Of course, on some ranges
grass would not be sufficient; then I
should feed the game meal and cracked
corn as they got older.

I pinion the youngsters when a few
days did, using a sharp pair of scissors
and cutting the wing just beyond the
first joint or elbow; if not pinioned they
will fly at about ten weeks.

We have had very good luck in mating
our geese. In fact, we have never had

THE GAME BREEDER

A Fair Brood.

a goose or gander that was over three
years old that refused to mate. They
like to pick their mates, however, and
it is best if you have several odd birds
to turn them in a yard together arid
let them pick to suit themselves. I
never knew a goose to lay under three
years, and it is usually four, but I have
had a gander mate at two years with an
old goose and raise a nice flock.

Canada geese must be kept on the
range where they are to breed through

the winter or placed there at least by the
first of March, as otherwise they will
not be likely to breed the first year.. . .

Another thing to look out for — keep
dogs and strangers out of the breeding
yard, and don't disturb the geese when
setting any more than necessary.

I would sum it up, get old geese (older
the better) ; get them early ; have a good,
large range, with a pond or brook for
them to mate on, have a pile of coarse
sand : and oyster shells where they can
find it, and let them alone.

A Safe Rearing Ground.

THE GAME BREEDER

HOW I GOT MY WILD BLOOD.

By J. D. McClintic.

As some of my patrons ask how I
got my wild blood, I will explain in as
few words as I can. It would take a
book to hold all my experience with this
grand and most beautiful of all fowls —
the wild turkey. I got my first wild
blood about 25 or 26 years ago by one
of my hens straying away with the wild
turkeys in the mountains. She came
home after being away for some time
with a flock of little turks. Four of
them were wild arid little beauties. They
could fly to the tops of the trees When
the little tame fellows could not fly on
the fence. My next wild blood I pro-
cured .about 20 years ago, as was de-
scribed at the time by The Lewistown
Gazette, as follows :

Saturday a large wild gobbler came down
off the mountain to the orchard at Valley
View Poultry Farm and started a fight with
the large bronze gobbler belonging to the
farm. The proprietor, hearing a terrible
thumping, went to see what was the matter.
On reaching the orchard, he beheld the two
gobblers engaged in a deadly battle. Stand-
ing and watching the fight until his turkey
got the best of the knight of the forest and
had a deadly grip on his throat, he went to
take hold of the intruder, when his turkey
let go his hold and away the wild turkey
went to the mountains. Mr. McClintic says
the fight was worth seeing.

The large bronze gobbler belonging to the
Valley View Poultry Farm died last week
from the effects of the fight he had with the
wild gobbler from the mountain two weeks
ago. The gobbler that did the deed has
taken up his abode on the farm with the
turkey hens, staying through the day and go-
ing to the mountain at night. He is a grand
bird in size and plumage and struts around
among the turkeys and chickens as if he
had always been used to civilized life.

This grand old Tom stayed with my
hens till the breeding*- season was over,
then left; but the next "spring he returned
early in March. He was nearly starved,
as the winter was severe, with deep
snow. He ate about a" pint of corn at
his first feed. He was not afraid of me,
but was shy of strangers and would run
to the mountain when strangers would

get too close to him, but finally, he did
not mind strangers much. I raised some
grand, beautiful, birds out of this old
Knight of the Forest. After this my
hens mingled with wild Toms along the
mountain, as I did not have my orchards
wired then. Six years ago another Wild
Tom came. I penned him with the hens,
but if I did not let him out at nights
he would fly out. He would never roost
with the hens, but would go to the moun-
tain every night. About the second week
of last February one morning, as I was
feeding my turkeys, I saw an old wild
Tom standing outside of the wire. He
left, but I believed he would return. I
went to work and prepared for him by
wiring one end of one of my orchards
off for him, made a large gate on the
side next the woods. He came back,
the first week of March. I opened the
gate and he came in, and was right at
home among the hens. At first he would
not roost with the hens, but he finally
got to roosting with them. He stayed
till about the 15th of August. He came
back once after this. I called to him as
he was some distance away with another
old Wild Tom. He started to come to
me, but the other old fellow ran for
the mountain. He stood undecided for
a few moments, then raised| his wings
as if in a farewell salute, and ran after
his companion.

He had become so tame he' would run
around me and play when I Would go to
feed him. I photographed hjim. He is
the first wild turkey right \ from our
mountain on record that was ever photo-
graphed. I took several pictures of him,
but it was hard to get a good! picture, as
he was afraid of the kodak.! The best
picture I got of him he was coming to-
wards me watching the kodak and started
to run just as I snapped him. It does
not do . him j ustice . at rt all, but I j ust
wanted his picture as a novelty and
something rare. He was admired and

THE GAME BREEDER

was a wonder to all who visited our farm
last summer. I have some fine young
birds sired by him. I believe this old
Tom will return next spring if he escapes
the hunter.

I have been a great hunter of wild tur-
keys in past years, killing up to thirty in
some years, but now no one could pay
me to kill the beautiful birds; they are
getting too scarce. It used to be a com-
mon sight about twenty years ago to see
thirty to forty in a flock ranging along
the foot of the mountains in the fields
where now we see none. Where there
was one hunter then there is one dozen
now, and with their repeating guns there
is no chance for the poor turkey. If the
government does not prohibit the hunt-
ing of them for a number of years there
will not be one left, and with the going
of the wild turkey our tame turkeys will
dwindle away, for now turkey raising is
almost a thing of the past all over the

country, so we must get back where na-
ture started with the wild turkey to get
the vitality that has been lost through
breeding and feeding; for all other
breeds originated from the wild turkey.
The wild turkey crossed with the bronze
is the finest domestic turkey to be had.
The plumage is rendered more brilliant,
the carriage more graceful and the flesh
greatly improved, and having a yellow
skin they make a nicer appearance
dressed for the market. The wild tur-
keys of our Northern clime have more
vitality and can endure more exposure
than those of the Southern clime; our
winters being so severe with the tem-
perature 20 and 25 degrees below zero
at times. With snow two feet deep on
the mountain they must subsist chiefly
on the buds of trees. I have had half
wild hens to reach the age of twelve
years and be strong and vigorous and
still lay. This shows the wonderful
vitality of our wild turkeys.

MORE CAT TALES.

By Edward Howe Forbush.

[The tales about cats printed in the April Game Breeder and continued in this number
are from an important bulletin written by Edward Howe Forbush, the State Ornithologist
of Massachusetts, and published by the State Board of Agriculture.]

Vagabond or Wild House Cats in the
Country.

Mr. William Brewster, of Cambridge,
the Nestor of New England Ornitholo-
gists, says he and his dogs frequently
have started cats from their resting
places in woods and game covers. He
says, writing from Concord, they are sel-
dom noticed, being shy, elusive and
largely nocturnal, but that he finds their
tracks everywhere in the woods after the
first snowfall. He asserts that his guides,
James Bernier and William Sargent, of
Upton, Me., trappers of large experience,
assured him some years ago that the
forested parts of New England with
which they were familiar were numer-
ously inhabited by woods cats. Quite as
many cats as. other fur-bearing animals

were caught in traps even in locations
upward of thirty miles from any house
or clearing, and over. the northern Maine
line in the Canadian woods.

Mr. Charles E. Goodhue, naturalist of
Penacook, N. H., says it is hard to tell
whether or not cats are vagrant or wild,
but local trappers get many in their traps,
and cats roam over the country in every
direction. Three trappers among my
correspondents corroborate this. Mr.
Nathaniel Wentworth, of Hudson, N. H.,
former game commissioner of that State,
says that he has seen many cats, some-
times miles away from any house, and
feels sure that more game birds are killed
by them than by the hunters — an opinion
expressed by many others.

Wm. C. Adams, a member of the Mas-

THE GAME BREEDER

sachusetts Commission on Fisheries and
Game, has noticed particularly the tracks
of cats in his travels. He found numer-
ous cat tracks on the islands of Mus-
keget, Tuckernuc, Nantucket and Mar-
tha's Vineyard. On Nantucket he noted
that the tracks extended three or four
miles from any habitation. He saw
traces of many birds evidently killed by
cats, particularly on Muskeget and Mar-
tha's Vineyard. He describes a similar
condition on Cape Cod, in the townships
of Provincetown, Eastham, Orleans and
Sandwich, where he has hunted. He
says that cats are numerous in a large
section between Worcester and the
Rhode Island line, and in the country
between Ware and Greenfield; also be-
. tween Adams and North Adams, and in
many parts of New Hampshire. He has
observed many tracks on the winter
snows; he has seen many cats, some of
them with birds, and frequently has no-
ticed them on lonely roads at night, by
the light of his car lamps. Several hunt-
ers have told him of finding litters of
kittens far back in the woods.

The Cat and Bobwhite.

Mr. Fred A. Olds saw a cat spring
into the air and come down with a full-
grown cock bobwhite in its claws. Col.
Charles E. Johnson asserts that he saw
a cat with a bobwhite in its mouth run-
ning toward a Negro cabin. When the
colonel arrived at the cabin he found a
colored woman plucking the bird. She
said that the cat brought in birds very
often. Many cats are encouraged by
their owners to bring in game. T. B.
Johnson says, in "The Vermin De-
stroyer," that he has known several cats
that caught' game and brought it home.
These cats were highly esteemed by their
owners.

Mr. F. W. Henderson tells, in the
Rockland "Independent," of a cat that
brought her kittens an entire brood of
bobwhites. Dr. George W. Field relates
that a covey of bobwhites which he was
watching in . Sharon was discovered by
a cat and attacked at night, at intervals
of two to seven days, until the number
had .become reduced from sixteen to
eight. They then left in a body for Can-

ton, where they were recognized later.
Mr. E. Colfax Johnson, ot budbury,
says that he has known of entire hocks
oi . young bobwhites being destroyed by
cats. Mr. John M. Crampton, superin-
tendent for the Connecticut State Board
of Fisheries and Game, writes that last
fall (1914) a farmer requested that a
special protector be sent to look after
the bobwhites on his land. When the
warden arrived he found that the farmer
had fifteen cats, some of which had
brought in three bobwhites already that
morning. Mr. B. S. Blake, of Webster,
tells of a cat that took home three bob-
whites in one week. Mr. Edward L.
Parker tells of a servant who saw a eat
break up two bobwhites' nests. Senator
Louis Hilsendegen, of Michigan, says in
the "Sportsman's Review" that Henry
Ford bought 200 pairs of bobwhites at
$3 a pair and released them on his farm
at Dearborn, Michigan. A stray cat, left
by a farmer who had moved away, found
them and it was noticed that their num-
bers were decreasing rapidly. A watch
was set for the cat; it was shot and
found to weigh sixteen pounds. Under
a rail shelter, where the birds had fed,
a mass of feathers and other remains
about a foot deep was found. That cat,
says the Senator, had killed more than
200 bobwhites, which had cost the owner
$300. Mr. E. R. Bryant, of the Henry
Ford farms, writes me that this story is
true except that it may be a little over-
drawn in regard to the number of birds
killed. He never knew exactly how
many were slain by this cat.

Ruffed Grouse.

Cats are nearly as destructive to
grouse as to bobwhites. I have seen a
ruffed grouse that was killed on her nest
and partly eaten by a cat, while the eggs
were scattered and some were broken
but not eaten. Almost invariably in such
cases a careful search will reveal a few
hairs of the cat on some branch or twig,
lost in the struggle. If several steel
traps be set, carefully concealed, around
the dead bird the cat may be taken.

Mr. William Brewster tells of a day's
hunt by four sportsmen with their dogs,
in which they killed only one game bird

THE GAME BREEDER

— a bobwhite. On their return at night grouse. Mr. Cassius Tirrall, of South

to the farm-house where they were stay- Weymouth, asserts that a cat living not

ing, they found that the farm cat had far from his home has brought in so

beaten their score, having brought in many bobwhites and grouse that the fam-

during the day two bobwhites and one ily has "lost track of the number."

Guinea Hens as Insect Eaters.

Mr. G. H. Sander, of Dayton, Ohio,
says in Sportmen's Review :

As I have a number of guinea hens on my
farm near West Milton, Miami county, Ohio,
and the farmer tells me they are great- insect
eaters, why not encourage farmers to raise
them for food, as they are a South African
game bird domesticated in this country. I
hear in California they raise them to take the
place of game; why not in Ohio?

The guinea is a good watch dog, wary for
hawks, and will care for themselves at all
times. It is a fine bird to eat for the dinner
table.

Thousands of guineas have been
raised and sold as food in the New York
markets. Some of the game clubs have
given them a trial as game birds but they
are reported to be not even as good as
pheasants to say nothing about our
grouse and quail. I have seen guineas
half wild on the prairie in Illinois which
flushed well and flew as strongly as the
prairie grouse. One occasion I came
very near bagging a brace of guineas
when I was shooting grouse. The birds
flushed well ahead of my dogs and I
detected the white spots just in time to
stay the trigger finger.

The Watch Dog and the Owl.

The guinea hen often has been called
the watch-dog of the barn yard. We
engaged one as a watch dog for the mal-
lards and pheasants on the preserve of
the Game Breeders' Association, but one
evening, shortly after the guinea arrived,
a great horned owl dropped down and
"nipped off her nose," her whole head in
fact. The owl took a plymouth rock hen
and four mallards for dessert. He or
his mate now sits on a shelf behind the
editor's chair in the office of The Game
Breeder, having been nicely embalmed
by taxidermist Sauter. His portrait ap-
pears in the booklet of the Hercules
Powder Company, "Game Farming for
Profit and Pleasure." Whenever any of
our readers wish to see the owl they can
write to the Hercules Powder Company
for the booklet. It is for free distribu-
tion and "well worth the money" — that
is to say the money paid for it including
the owl's 'portarit.

More About Duck Breeding.

Many of our readers are asking for
special information about the breeding

THE GAME BREEDER

of species of ducks- other than the mal-
lards.

We have printed several short articles
on this subject by successful breeders
and for the benefit ot new readers who
are asking advice we repeat the sub-
stance of some of these articles.

The mallards reared on preserves are
easier to handle than other ducks are
because they are descended from ducks
artificially reared and in many cases they
have a more or less visible admixture of
tame blood; this is true even of some
ducks which are strong on the wing and
afford good sport.

The black ducks have been bred in
good numbers by some of our readers
and by the writer, but in every case the
stock ducks have been in captivity at
least two years and those which have
been made fairly tame are the birds
which lay eggs. They do best when
given a considerable area about the pond
where they can select a suitable nesting
place in grass, brush or weeds. They
should not be disturbed by strangers or
by stray dogs or other animals which
may alarm or destroy them. I have seen
birds of the third or fourth generation
which were quite as easy to handle as
some mallards are, and I once purchased
a lot of such ducks which were reared
in a small yard near a farm house and
which fed fearlessly at their owner's feet.
I have had no trouble breeding these
black ducks and some others which I
purchased from another 1 breeder, which
were quite tame. They were strong on
the wing and often went miles away
from home visiting a bay where they
remained for hours at a time. They re-
turned very promptly at four o'clock
every afternoon when I always gave
them a good meal. They were so prompt
that we could tell the time by their ar-
rival. One of our readers described how
he rears about 200 black ducks every
season in a wire inclosure about one-
third water, one-third marsh and one-
third higher ground suitable for nesting,
containing grass, brush, etc. Mr. Pickell
has succeeded in making pintails as
tame as. mallards and as easy to handle
and breed. He and others have bred the
blue-winged teal, the green-winged teal

and some other species. Many breed the
wood-duck which is quite easy to
handle ; some have bred the ruddy duck
and a few other species.

I have purchased hundreds of wild
black ducks and pintails which would
not lay an egg and persisted in remaining
wild and shy. This was due no doubt to
a lack of attention by the game keepers
who were very busy rearing thousands
of pheasants and mallards and had not
the time or the patience necessary to suf-
ficiently tame the wild birds.

The secret of success is to start with
birds which have been partly tamed, pre-
ferably with those which have laid eggs
in captivity, or with captivity bred birds.
Since most species will not lay eggs until
the second or third year the dealer who
has such stock naturally will ask a higher
price for it than for fresh trapped birds
or the easy going commercial mallards.
Fresh trapped mallards are not easy to
handle but they are in great demand
since all breeders wish to add wild stock
to their flocks in order to keep the birds
strong on the wing and suitable for
shooting.

Fresh trapped mallards, therefore, are
worth at least twice as much as captivity
bred mallards are, but with the other
species the figures are reversed since
fresh trapped birds do not lay eggs for
some time and birds which will lay are
naturally in big demand.

Care and Feed for Young Turkeys.

J. D. McClintic, who breeds tame, wild
and half-breed turkeys with great suc-
cess, says :

First see that they are free frm lice, see
that they are not over fed. Lice and over
feeding kill more young turkeys than any
other cause. Feed bread cut in slices and
browned in oven, crush fine when cold, mix
with hard boiled egg cut fine and cut dande-
lions; moisten with a litle milk or water if
not moist enough to stick together. After
two or three weeks old mix a little shorts
with bread and egg. Feed a good chick feed
as they grow older ; give them range if you
can.

Importance of Range for Wild Tur-
keys.

It is an easy matter to rear wild tur-
keys, just as it is to rear quail, grouse,

THE. GAME BREEDER

wild fowl and other game birds, pro-,
vided you know how. i'ne cioser tney
are kept "in captivity," as some game
laws read, the more clanger there is of
diseases and of producing birds uninter-
esting to sportsmen and undesirable on
the table.

I once reared two small lots of wild
turkeys from eggs and stock birds pro-
cured from the late Professor Blanton,
of Virginia. Young turkeys from eggs
hatched under barnyard fowls in the
hatching house (where thousands of
pheasants and wild duck eggs were
hatched) were taken to the rearing field
with their foster mothers, placed in
coops and fed (somewhat overfed) on
pheasant foods. The young birds did
well for a time but soon it became evi^
dent that something ailed them. They
became dull and stupid. I noticed that
they stood about the board on which
their food was placed and did not notice
the grasshoppers which hopped about
abundantly at their feet. I killed one of
the birds and attempted to have an ex-
amination to ascertain the disease made
in Washington but the weather was
warm and although the bird was shipped
in ice it arrived in a bad condition and
the cause or kind of disease was not dis-
covered. The other birds died one by
one, in my opinion from over-feeding
and too much "in captivity" words which
should be fired from every statute in the
interest of the health of the game birds.

One brood of the turkeys hatched wild
by one of our hens in the woods was
brought in to the farm house by the
proud mother in fine condition. We fed
the old bird a little and she moved on
into a small wood bordered by grain and
grass where grasshoppers and other in-
sects and wild berries were plentiful.
Here the birds roamed by day and
roosted in the trees at night. I told the
gamekeeper's boy to throw stones at
them if they attempted to come in to
feed and once saw him drive them out
of the pheasant pen. They were quite
shy but thrived amazingly on the wild
food found in field and wood. When
about half grown a great horned owl
took several of the birds but the rest
matured and were handsome, healthy

and strong on the wing. A number were
shot on the wing in the autumn. , I am
fully convinced that turkeys reared in
orchards, fields and woods with a good
range are not hard to manage and that
they can be reared very inexpensively
since they will procure practically all of
their food in the fields and woods.

A Mixed Ration for Pheasants.

Two ring-necked pheasants (a cock
and a hen) confined in a pen 8' x 16' x 6'
and rat-proof, sides and top of 1" mesh
galvanized wire, were recently tested as
to their food preference. Food was ac-
cessible to them at all times but in sep-
arate hoppers, which were covered with
wire to prevent waste. All food mater-
ials were carefully weighed on a kitchen
scale. My purpose in making the test
was to establish the food preference of
the birds.

For convenience of comparison I have
♦abulated the results as follows:

Oz. Per cent.

Cracked wheat 36 20

Cracked corn 41.4 23

Rolled oats 12.6 7

Rape seed 21.6 12

Millet seed 14.4 8

Canary seed 12.6 7

Ground dried meat 34.2 19

Granulated charcoal 1.8 1

Grit 1.8 1

Ground bone 1.8 1

Calcined shell 1.8 1

180.0

100

In addition, the birds were supplied
with a head of fresh lettuce per day, o?
which they consumed from one-half to
three-quarters. It will be seen that the
food taken averaged 2^4 ounces each per
day.

At the commencement of the test the
cock weighed 1 pound 14 ounces and the
hen 1 pound 8 ounces; at the ena of
thirty days, when the test was completed,
the cock weighed 2 pounds 4 ounces, a
gain of 8 ounces, whereas the hen
weighed 1 pound 12 ounces, or a gain of
4 ounces. This gain in weight indicated
that these pheasants had thrived upon
the mixed food afforded them. — Joseph
Ketchum, in California Fish and Game.

54 THE GAME BREEDER

T*?. e Game Breeder

Published Monthly

have remarked at other times it is better
to kill nonsense piecemeal than not to
kill it at all. We now propose that the
laws be amended still further so that it
edited by dwight w. huntington w ju no t b e criminal to eat any kind of

food, produced by industry within or

NEW YORK, MAY, 1916. without the State. Such an amendment

will soon make the quail, grouse, wild

terms: turkeys and many species of water fowl

10 Cents a Copy— $1.00 a year in Advance. as plentiful as the pheasants, deer and

Postage free to all subscribers in the United States. ducks nOW are in the hands of game
To All Foreign Countries and Canada, $1.25.

breeders.

The Game Conservation Society, Inc.

PUBLISHERS, 150 NASSAU ST., NEW YORK QUR GROTJSE AND QUAIL.

D. W. Huntington, President, .

f. r. Peixotio, Treasurer, Forest and Stream in its last issue

j. c Huntington, secretary seems to have abandoned all hope of

Telephone, Beekman 36s5. ever having any native game in America

===^==^^= and seems glad to learn that pheasants

AT LAST. reared in captivity can be made to take

The New York legislature has decided the place of our quail and grouse,
to take our advice and has opened the We are pleased to say that the United
markets to some species of game pro- States is now, probably, the third largest
duced by breeders in other States. It is pheasant producing country in the
quite absurd, of course, to only permit world ; that it probably has more pheas-
breeders to sell elk and deer, since the ants of certain species than China, where
antelope needs their money and protec- the pheasants are indigenous: and that
tion far more than the elk and deer do. soon we will be the biggest pheasant pro-
It is absurd to encourage the saving and ducing country in the world,
production of pheasants and common Forest and Stream will be surprised to
wild ducks only while the indigenous learn that our ruffed grouse soon will be
grouse, quail and wild turkeys need the abundant and cheap in our markets, and
attention of breeders far more than the also the quail, prairie grouse, wild tur-
pheasants and the ducks do. keys and other game, during long open

Some States now permit the breeding seasons. We know a number of places

and the marketing of all species of game where there are as many ouail per acre

and we have advised the owners of quail as is desirable; more would probably re-

and grouse that we will sell their birds suit in diseases due to over-crowding,

for them at excellent prices even if the We know places where there is an

people of New York are not permitted abundance of ruffed grouse in the woods

to eat the native food as the people in and where the shooting is good every

more civilized States can. The Hotel season.

Men's Associations of the State and City The delay in making the indigenous

of New York and the game dealers are grouse and quail plentiful in many places

entitled to much credit for seeing the has been due to game laws preventing

new statute safely in the books. We the shooting of decent bags and the sale

have congratulated them privately and f the birds by those who look after

we now wish to publicly thank them. All them properly.

intelligent sportsmen and game breeders Ruffed grouse and quail can be pro-
favored the amendment and many let- duced in big numbers much cheaper than
ters went to Albany from our readers, pheasants can be produced since easily
including State game officers in other they are handled in a wild state. There
States. Credit, of course, is due the should be some incentive, however, to do
magazine chiefly for suggesting that an t he necessarv work, which, briefly stated,
end be put to the legal nonsense. As we } s the protection of the birds from their

THE GAME BREEDER

natural enemies; the planting of some
additional covers and foods where this
is necessary and the feeding of the game
in winter.

In a very short time we will have all
the native birds we wish to eat at reason-
able prices ; possibly we may have to go
outside of New York to eat the wild
turkeys, produced by industry for a short
time, but we have a notion that common
sense rapidly is being revived and that
this is really all that is needed, besides
the "revolution of thought," called for
by the dean of sportsmen.

Take a walk through the markets next
fall, dear Forest and Stream, and look
at the thousands of imported black cocks
offered for sale. These birds are some-
what similar in their habits to our ruffed
grouse, and we have a big area suitable
for grouse, to say nothing about the vast
Canadian forests. And Canada is wak-
ing up as numerous letters from Canad-
ian members of the Game Conservation
Society indicate.

which is said to be vanishing soon will
be plentiful and cheap. Very little com-
paratively of the posted lands will be
needed to produce such results.

PARTRIDGES AND HARES.

We print in this issue two stories by
Captain C. E. Radcliffe, from Shooting
in order that our readers may learn how
easy it is to make the partridges and
hares tremendously abundant without
any expensive artificial rearing "in cap-
tivity." The thousands of partridges
and hares were produced simply by de-
stroying their enemies and feeding them
in winter.

The prairie grouse and quails and our
numerous hares and rabbits can be made
and kept abundant, although thousands
be shot and sent to market, as soon as
we know how and are not in danger of
being arrested for food producing. The
laws rapidly are being made right in
many States. Soon we will open the
New York market to quail and grouse
and soon these birds will swarm as they
formerly did on suitable areas. We pre-
dict in manv places they will be far more
p 1 entiful than they ever were. We
should send the thousands of dollars
which we now send abroad, for black
cocks and other game birds, to the Amer-
ican breeders. Quickly they will use the
money to good advantage and the game

CORRESPONDENCE-

The Game Conservation Society:

Of the several magazines I take I look
forward to the coming of The Game
Breeder with the most genuine interest
and satisfaction, so I cannot afford to
miss a copy. I have not yet received
the April number.

H. C. Shaney.
Chicago, Ills.

Game Conservation Society:

I have the letter of your Secretary of
the 13th inst. and am very glad to have
such advice as is given therein, but I
would like to know more.

In the first place I get the idea from
reading your magazine that Illinois is
taboo territory for game raising and sale.
I assume you mean the latter. Of course,
I presume a man could raise all the
game he wanted to if he did not kill it
for sale. Since you must know the laws
of the various States, advise me on this
point and what you think it would be
necessary or desirable to do to overcome
such law if existing.

Further advise me how to proceed to
get up a garrfe breeding preserve and
what the experience of those who make
such efforts has been. Anything which
you can say which will throw light upon
the subject and give me encouragement,,
will be gratefully received.
Most sincerely,

G. A. Stephens.

Illinois.

It is impossible to answer by mail, in
detail, the thousands of enquiries which
come to the Society. We have long since
ceased to advise what the game laws are
in the different States. The laws are
changed so often that no one is safe in
saying what they are at any particular
time. Most of the States issue booklets
containing the State game laws and we
suggest that you write to the Game Com-
missioner and get a copy of the laws.

We do attempt to keep up with the

THE GAME BREEDER

laws in so far as they relate to game
breeders, and we are pleased to state that
over two-thirds of the states now per-
mit the profitable breeding of all. or cer-
tain species of game. We publish brief
abstracts of these laws from time to time
after the law mills have ceased their
activities for the year.

A man as you say, certainly can raise
all the game he wants to, but as we have
pointed out, often, he will not be apt to
do so in States which prohibit quail
shooting for five or ten years or prohibit
him from shooting more than three cock
pheasants in a season, and where similar
restrictions are applied to other species.
Our contention is that he should decide
how many birds he will shoot in a season
and how many it is necessary to leave
for a breeding stock. He should decide
how many he will sell to help pay the
■cost of production. These ideas have
been incorporated in the game breeders'
•enactments, many of which were written
in the office of The Game Breeder, in
whole or in part.

We regret that as a new subscriber
you have not seen the scores of articles
about the game clubs, game farms and
individual preserves (many of them illu-
strated) which we have published from
time to time in The Game Breeder. New
■clubs and preserves are being started all
the time and many individual breeders
now breed game in large and small num-
bers. We shall print many more stories
about the successful clubs and about the
game farms and small breeders. These
will describe what they are doing and
now they do it.

The story of the Woodmont Club and
a subsequent article by its secretary, who
owns a wild turkey preserve, contained
much valuable information about the
breeding and shooting of wild turkeys.
Miss Mary Wilkie, who advertises wild
turkeys in The Game Breeder, contrib-
uted two interesting articles about the
Dreeding of these birds. In the stories
about the Game Breeders' Association,
the Clove Valley Club, the Blooming
Grove Club, the Wyandanch Club, the
Middle Island Club, and others which
nave an abundance of game, the writers
•described the breeding operations and

the good shooting. Many small breeders
and game farmers h^ve written their ex-
periences. There will be many more of
these stories since many of our readers
who are successful have . promised to
write short articles which we will print
from time to time. Some of . the clubs
and individual preserve owners now
shoot thousands of quail every season.

Some of the States only permit the
profitable breeding of pheasants, ducks
and deer. Others permit the breeding of
all species.

In answer to your inquiry as to "how
to proceed to get up a game breeding
preserve," we can only say that we have
had so many requests for such informa-
tion that we have decided to publish sev-
eral articles on this subject and these
will be supplemented by many stories
about what the preserve owners and
game farmers are doing and how they
do it. These stories will be written by
those who are successful in having
splendid shooting and who sell some of
the game to pay the cost of rearing it.

Mr. Brigham, who. wrote the story
about the Clove Valley Club which an-
nually shoots thousands of pheasants and
ducks, said that if the club had been
run purely as a commercial enterprise it
would have cleared thousands of dollars.

We hope to begin the series of articles
about how to organize game clubs and
shooting syndicates in the June issue and
we shall reprint some of the facts from
the articles referred to because many
new readers are asking for information
about those already in the game.

We are quite sure you will agree with
us now that most of the farms are
posted and the tendency of our legisla-
tion is to put an end to sport by pro-
hibiting shooting at all times Or for terms
of years, that those who arrange with
the farmers so that they can shoot big
bags of game during long open seasons
and sell some of the game, thereby mak-
ing the people friendly to sport, are
doing a great public service.

The necessity for individual action is
presented in a booklet on "Game Farm-
ing for Profit and Pleasure," issued by
the Hercules Powder Company. This
booklet is for free distribution, and it is

THE GAME BREEDER

doing much towards making the country
a big game producing country, as it
should be.

The Game Breeder:

With reference to your correspondent
who wishes information regarding Blue
Pit Games, will say I am a game fancier,
with a taste for the rare and unusual,
and while the blue variations are com-
paratively common, such as Blue Red,
Blue Grey, Blue Pyle and Blue Spangle,
I have only found one man out of hun-
dreds of correspondents who claims to
have the genuine Blue Pit Games.

Your inquirer should address Dr. R.
Armfield, Marshville, N. C.
Very respectfully,

C. N. McElhany.

Texas.

•

Some Unsolicited and Appreciated
Remarks.

Editor Game Breeder:

Our once-run advertisement in The
Game Breeder made a nearly complete
clean-up of our offerings — 3 dogs and all
the game egg orders we could handle, at
a cost of less than 1 per cent, for the
advertising.

T. W. Ingersoll.

Buffalo, Minnesota.

Editor Game Breeder:

Please take my advertisement out of
The Game Breeder. I have sold all my
surplus stock and still orders are coming
which I can not fill.

CHERRY FARM,
A. J. Appleby.
Chester, New Jersey.

Editor Game Breeder :

Your may discontinue my deer ad. , It
sold all the deer and I do not wish to be
obliged to answer the many letters which
are still coming. F. A. F.

Illinois.

Editor Game Breeder:

That ad. did all the work. Letters be-
gan coming at once. I had lots of in-
quiries and ..quickly sold all the wild tur-
keys and eggs I could spare * * *

Before closing I must say how the re-
sults have encouraged me and how proud
I am of shipping eggs at such a price.

Mary C. Wilkie.
Beaver Dam, Virginia.

The New Law for New York.

[The following new law for New York is
important for non-resident game breeders. It
should add $5 to the value of every acre used
for game and probably more.— Editor.]

Section 377. Certain mammals and birds
may be imported from without the State and
sold. Any person engaged in the business of
raising and selling domesticated American elk,
whitetail deer, European red deer and fallow
deer, roebuck, pheasants, mallard ducks and
black ducks, or any of them, in a wholly en-
closed preserve or entire island, of which he
is the owner or lessee, under a breeder's law
providing for the tagging of all preserve bred
game and otherwise similar in principle to the
law of the State of New York in such case
made and provided, may make application in
writing to the commission for a permit to im-
port such mammals or birds into the State of
New York and sell the same. In the event
that the commission shall be satisfied that the
said mammals and birds are bred in captivity
and are killed and tagged under a breeding
law similar in principle to that of the State of
New York, upon the payment of a fee of five
dollars, together with such additional sum as
the commissioner, may determine to cover the
necessary cost of inspection, the commission
may in its discretion issue a revocable permit
in writing to such applicant to import such
mammals and birds raised as aforesaid into
the State of New York and to sell the same,
in which case the provisions of sections three
hundred and seventy-two, three hundred and
seventy-three and three hundred and seventy-
four of the conservation law, in so far as the
same are applicable, shall apply.

Section 2. This act shall take effect im-
mediately."

A Bait Shortage.

The Master (taking the class on the
subject of the Deluge) : "You remarked
that Noah couldn't spend very much time
fishing while in the Ark. What makes
you think so?"

Experienced Scholar : "Because there
were only two worms in the Ark, sir." —
Melbourne Leader.

It should be legal everywhere to trap
birds for propagation under permits-
from the State on wild lands and with-
out permits on. the private^ lands owned
by game breeders.

58 THE GAME. BREEDER

Game Breeders' Supplies

WIRE - COOPS - TRAPS

Wire

For Deer Parks, Rearing Fields and Kennels

Coops and Hatching Boxes

Traps

For Ground and Winged Vermin

Egg Turners, Egg Boxes for Shipping

And all Appliances for Game Farms and Preserves

I shall be pleased to correspond with game breeders
who wish to purchase wire, coops, traps or any appli-
ances for the game farm and preserve.

Special advice given to all contemplating the game
breeders' industry.

F. T. OAKES

Room 622
ISO Nassau Street New York, U. S. A.

I do not sell live deer and game birds, or egg*

In writing to advertisers pleese mention The Game Breeder or sign your letters: "Yours for More Game."

THE GAME BREEDER

THE PORTAGE HEIGHTS GAME FARM

ROBERT J. McPHAIL, Head Keeper
Portage Heights, Akron, Ohio

Ring-Necked Pheasants Eggs For Sale

For delivery prior to May 1 5, $25.00 per hundred For delivery after May 15, $20.00 per hundred

$3.00 per dozen

All our pheasant hens are mated with imported cocks.

Distributers of PHEASANT GERMICIDE for the United States, A COOP of 15 CHICKS, one day oil, with
HEN, COOP and FEED and GERMICIDE enough to rear to 6 weeks old, including instructions, for $13.00.

J. R. G AMMETER,

Portage Heights, Akron, Ohio

OUR FEATHERED GAME

A manual on American Game
Birds with shooting illustrations in
color, and bird portraits of all
American Game Birds.

By D. W. HUNTINGTON

Editor of The Game Breeder

PRICE $2.00

STATEMENT OF THE OWNERSHIP, MANAGE-
MENT, CIRCULATION, ETC., REQUIRED BY THE
llACT OF CONGRESS OF AUGUST 24, 1912, OF
THE GAME BREEDER FOR APRIL 1st, i Ql 6.
Published Monthly at 150 Nassau Street,
New York City.

Publishers — The Game Conservation Society, Inc., 150

Nassau Street, New York, N. Y.
Editor— D. W. Huntington, 150 Nassau St., New York, N.Y
Managing Editor — None.
Business Managers — The Game Conservation Society, Inc.,

150 Nassau Street, New York. N. Y.
Owners — The Game Conservation Society, Inc.
Stockholders— C. B. Davis, Grantwood, N. J. ; F. R.

Peixotto. 55 John Street. New York, N. Y. ; A. A.

Hill, 71 Murray Street, New York, N. Y. ; D. W.

Huntington, 150 Nassau Street, New York, N. Y. ;

J. C. Huntington, 150 Nassau St., New York, N. Y.
Known bondholders, mortgagees, and other security
holders owning or holding 1 per cent or more of total
amount of bonds, mortgages, or other securities: None.
D. W. Huntington, Editor.

Sworn to and subscribed before me this 28th day of
March, igi6.
U- s.] (Signed) George F. Bentley,

Notary Public, New York County.
<My commission expires March 30th, iqi6.)

MBS*.

BOOK ON

MmB

DOG DISEASES

And How to Feed

America's

Pioneer

Dog Remedies

Mailed free to any address by
the Author

H. CLAY GLOVER, V. S.
118 West 31st Street, New York

Wild Duck Eggs

From good strain. Strong on the wing.
Write for Prices to

ADAM SCOTT, Gamekeeper

froh-Heim Game & Poultry Yards

FAR HILLS, N. J.

M allard Egg s

Mallard Duck Eggs by the dozen or

hundred. Our stock has free

range and are flyers.

Buckstaff Farm

Oshkosh - Wisconsin

THE AMATEUR TRAINER

By Ed. F. Haberlein

A practical trainer of over 30 years' experience, whose
system is up to date and stands uneqnaled.

JVew Edition fust Oat. Illustrated.
A plain, practical and concise, yet thorough guide
in the art of training, handling and the correcting
of faults of the bird do? subservient to the gun
afield. Written especially for the novice, but
equally valuable to the experienced handler. By
following the instructions plainly given, every
shooter possessed of a little common sense and
patience can train his own dogs to perfection.

Paper cover, $1.00; best full cloth binding and gold
embossed, $1.50. Address

THE GAME BREEDER, 150 Nassau Street, N. Y.

THE GAME BREEDER

CLASSIFIED ADVERTISEMENTS

THE GAME

150 Nassau Street

BREEDER

New York City

LIVE GAME

PHEASANT AND JAPANESE PHOENIX FOWL
Egas ior sale; several varieties. S V. REEVES, 114
E. Park Ave., Haddonfield, N. J.

QUAIL, PARTRIDGES, WILD FOWL, DEER AND
other animals. See display advertisement in this issue.
WM. J. MACKENSEN, Proprietor Pennsylvania Pheas-
antry and Game Park.

CANADA WILD GEEGE AND THEIR GOSLINGS—
A limited number for sale now — the surest way to start
breeding- this species. We are the oldest and largest
breeders of Canadas in this country. Black and White
Swans.Wild Ducks, etc , for sale. WHE ALTON WATER
FOWL FARMS, Chincoteague Island. Va.

WILD TURKEYS— For prices see display advertisement
in this issue. W. J. MACKENSEN, Yardley, Bucks
County, Pa.

FOR SALE— Pheasants and eggs. Everything in the
pheasant family. Pamphlet with order free. BUCK-
WOOD PHEASANTRIES, Dunfield, Warren Co., New
Jersey. ; (iot)

BRED FEMALE MINK, SKUNKS, FOXES. OPOS-
SUMS Pigeons, dogs. Particulars free. TARMAN,
Box G, Quincy, Penna.

FOR SALE BUFFALO AND ELK IN CAR LOAD
lots or single. Deer, Antelope, Beaver. Mink, Mountain
Lion, Pheasants and Game Birds. Eggs in season.
KENDRICK PHEASANTRIES, Coronado Building,
Denver Colorado. 7-/6

WILD MALLARD DECOYS— RAISED ON LICENSED
Wisconsin game farm. Birds $1.50 each, eggs $1.50
per 12. Going fast, don't delay. E. G. SHOWERS,
Onalaska, Wis.

5 VARIETIES OF PHEASANTS. Wild Mallards,
Wild Geese and game. Fourteen varieties of stand-
ard Poultry, including Turkeys. Also Elk. List free.
G. H HARRIS, Taylorville, 111.

GOLDEN AND ENGLISH RINGNECK PHEASANT

eggs for hatching. May to August. W. S. ALLISON,

Merri mac port, Mass 7-76

PURE BRED WILD WATERFOWL AT FOLLOW,
ing prices: Mallards. $3.00 per pair. Pintails, $2.50 per
pair. Green Wing'Teal, $4.00 per pair. Blue Wirg Teal,
$3 00 per pair. Also reJheads, Gadwalls, Widgeons,
Canvasbacks, Spoonbills, at reasonable prices; for propa-
gating and. scientific, purposes.. GEORGE J. KLEIN,.
Ellin wood, Kansas.

FOR SALE-PAIR GOLDEN, PAIR SILVER PHEAS-

ants, $5.00 each this month. Mallard ducks, $5 00 per

pair, eggs $2.00 per dozen. Stamp for inquiry. A S.

COOPER, Howell. Mich. 3-16

GOLDEN PHEASANTS— $10.00 A PAIR. EGGS 30c

each. FRAN KLIN J. PITTS, 14 Webster St., Taunton,

Mass j-ib

SAN LORENZO GAME FARM — BREEDER OF
all kinds of pheasants; eggs in season ; also birds
for sale at all times Visitors welcome. Write for
price list. Mrs S. MATTHIESSEN, San Lorenzo,
Alameda Co., California. y-ib

CALIFORNIA ASSOCIATED PHEASANT BREED.
ERS. Pheasants, Quail, Mallard price list. FRED D.
HOYT, Hayward, Cal.

GAME EGGS

RING NECK PHEASANT EGGS FROM CHOICE

stock. Order now for early delivery $2 50 per setting

of is eggs. EDWARD W. DOLAN, Wortbington.

Minn. 5-* 6

WILD MALLARD DUCK EGGS— APRIL TO MAY

15, 1916, $15.00 per hundred. May. 16 to July 5. 1916,
$12 00 per bunded. Safely packed (send draft!. Order
at once. First come, first served (no limit, no discount).
C. BREMAN CO., Danville, Illinois.

ORDERS FOR RINGNECK PHEASANT EGGS FOR
season 1916 — Fine heahhy stock; — Birds not related —
Price $3.50 for 15. DR. HOLMAN, Attleboro, Mass.

PHEASANT EGGS FOR SALE; STRICTLY FRESH
and fertile. I am now booking orders for spring and
summer. Amherst, Golden, Silver. GRAY PHEAS-
ANTRIES, Ward Street, Orange, New Jersey.

EGGS FROM RINGNECK PHEASANTS, MALLARD

ducks. All the popular breeds of high grade chkkens.

MILL ROAD POUT TRY FARM. Apple Grove.

Virginia. 5-16

WILD MALLARD DUCK EGGS FOR SALE-FROM

wild stock this season ; also Ring-Neck Pheasant eg^s.
From largest breeding farm in the south. H A. BEASLEVj,
Carroll Island Club, Continental Trust Building, Balti-
more, Md.

WILD MALLARD EGGS FROM CHOICE STOCK,

bred under natural surroundings. May, 15c. ; June and

later, 12c. ROY E. McFEE, Canajoharie, R. D. No. 2.N.Y.

ENGLISH RINGNECK PHEASANT AND WHITE
Guinea eggs, very reasonable. Address HIRSCH
POULTRY YARDS, Lyons, 111.

WILD AND BRONZE TURKEY EGGS, CHICKEN
eggs. Handsome catalog showing pure wild gobbler
from the mountain. VALLEY VIEW POULTRY FARM,
Belleville, Pa.

MALLARD EGGS. FROM SELECT WINNERS,
$3.50 per 13, $25.00 per hundred ; from utility stock, $2 00
per 13, $15.00 per hundred. Early eggs bring better re-
sults Enter order now. CLYDE B. TERRELL, Natur-
alist. Dept. P2, Oshkosh, Wis.

RINGNECK PHEASANTS, EGGS FOR SALE AT
$2.00 a dozen. ISAAC SPENCER, 10 Wayne Ave.

Ipswich, Mass.

FOR SALE— WILD MALLARD DUCK EGGS, $18.
per hundred. Also English Ringneck Pheasants Eggs.
$25. per hundred. All eggs from good, strong stock. Apply
to JOSEPH E. ASHBY, Manager, Dudley Road, Bedford,
Mass.

PHEASANT EGGS FOR HATC H I NG-Chinese ring-
neck $3.00 per dozen, $20.00 per hundred; Golden $4.00
per dozen, Silver $5.00 per dozen, Reeves $7.00 per dozen.
OREGON BIRD & PHEASANT FARM, Beaverton,
Oregon. ,..-... j.

RINGNECK, SILVER AND GOLDEN PHEASANT
eggs for sale. Pure stock and fresh eggs only. Reason-
able. W. L. EDISON, Morristown, Ni J.

In writing to advertisers please mention The Game Breeder or sign your letters: •'Yours for M°re Game.

THE GAME BREEDER

game: birds wanted

WANTED— MONGOLIAN AND R1NGNECK PHEAS-
ANTS and deer for breeding. Also, cub bear" Give
description and prices. CLARE WILLARD/ Allegany.
New York.

WANTED— "WHITE PEAFOWL, EITHER SEX,
Pied Peafowl, Soemmerring, Cheer, Hoki and German
Peacock Pheasants, Ruffed Grouse, and White Squirrels.
Also Swinhoes; state price and number. R A. CHILES
& CO., Mt. Sterling, Ky.

WANTED— FANCY AVIARY PHEASANTS, RING-
necks, peacocks, partridges, quail, prairie chickens,
wood and mandarin ducks. Quote prices. ROBERT
HUTCHINSON, Littleton, Colo

DEER WANTED— Wanted, one pair of adult fallow deer.
State price. A C. C, care of The Game Breeder, 130
Nassau St., N. Y. City.

WANTED — 250 to 300 YOUNG WILD MALLARD

Ducks. August or September delivery. State best price,

terms and particulars. I. W. ENGLAND, Passaic, N. J.

GAMEKEEPERS

SITUATION WANTED-HEAD GAMEKEEPER OR
Superintendent of large estate or game preserve. Very
capable man to show sport. Thoroughly experienced
rearing pheasants, partridge, quail and wild ducks.
Management of incubators hatching pheasant and duck
eggs. Also breeding, training and handling high class
shooting dogs. Excellent trapper, competent manager.
Reference present employer. GAMEKEEPER, 157 East
6qth St., New York.

GAMEKEEPER REQUIRES SITUATION. UNDER-

stands all duties. Best references from Europe and

this country. Address M. F. care of The Game Breeder,

150 Nassau Street. New York.

WANTED— SOBER, INDUSTRIOUS. EXPERIENCED
man to raise Pheasants and Turkeys. Will pay a moderate
salary and liberal share of profits. Address giving full
details of qualifications. CHAS. B. WOOD, Hadlyme,
Conn.

UNDERKEEPER— WANTED A GOOD MAN WHO
thoroughly understand* pheasant rearing, willing and
obliging. Age about 24 years. Send full particular* of
references to REARER, care of The Game Breeder, 150
Nassau St , New Vork City 7-16

WANTED— SITUATION
As Superintendent or Manager on a game farm or
preserve. Experienced in game and poultry breeding.
Good reason for desiring change of location. Would
take an interest in a game farm to breed game com-
mercially. Address C. McM., office of The Game
Breeder, 150 Nassau Street, New York City.

REAL ESTATE

BUNGALOW FOR SALE OR RENT

HAVE WELL BUILT BUNGALOW IN THE MOUN-
tains of Ulster Co., N.Y., 2 hours from N.Y.City and half-
hour from Poughkeepsie. Bungalow contains 6 rooms,
?;ood artesian well and first-clats outbuildings. Will rent
urnisbed or unfurnished for the comingsummer. Address
E. DAYTON, 26 Bergen Ave., Jersey City, N. J.

WANTED PARTNER— TO TAKE AN INTEREST
in a deer park and preserve near New York. 150 acres
fenced with eif ht foot fence, containing deer and an
abundance of ruffed grouse. Two trout streams and
splendid water for wild duck breeding. G. B.. care of The
Game Breeder, 150 Nassau St., New York City.

FOODS

WHITE'S PRESERVE— WILD CELERY AND ALL
kinds of wild duck food, plants and seeds. Also enter-
tain sportsmen. Waterlily, Currituck Sound, North Caro-
lina^ .

WILD DUCKS' NATURAL FOODS Will attract
them. These foods collected, examinations made, plant-
ings planned and superintended. Write for free Infor-
mation. CLYDE B TERRELL, Specialist on the Natural
Foods of Wild Ducks, Dept. Pi, Oshkosh, Wis

MEAL WORMS FOR BIRDS, FOR SALE BY THE
hundred or in large quantities. 25c. per hundred. Write
for prices for larger lots. WM. STOFFREGN, 124-126
4th Ave.. New York City.

MISCELLANEOUS

"PHEASANT FARMING," AN ILLUSTRATED
practical booklet on pheasant rearing, postpaid, fifty
cents Circular, all necessary pheasant equipment free.
SIMPSON'S PHEASANT FARM, Corvallis, Oregon.

REARING PHEASANTS IN SMALL ENCLOSURES.
Price, 20 Cents. It contains nothing that has not been
thoroughly and successfully tried out in actual practice.
S. V. REEVES, Haddonfield, N. T. ' .

SEND 25 CENTS FOR INFORMATION AND PRICE
list of the most profitable furbearing animal, the Black
Siberian Hare. SIBERIAN HARE CO., Hamilton,
Canada.

BLACK SIBERIAN HARE; $10 per pair, $15 per trio.
JOHN W. TALBOT, South Bend, Indiana.

DOGS

NORWEGIAN BEAR DOGS, IRISH WOLFHOUNDS,
'English bloodhounds, Russian wolfhounds, American fox-
hounds, lion, cat. deer, wolf, coon and varmint dogs. All
trained. Shippedon trial. Satisfaction guaranteed or
money refunded Purchaser to decide. Fifty page highly
illustrated catalogue, 5c. stamp. ROOKWOOD KEN-
NELS, Lexington, Kentucky.

THE BLUE GRASS FARM KENNELS, of Berry, Ky.,
offer for sale setters and pointers, tox and cat hounds,
wolf and deer hounds. Coon and opossum hounds, var-
mint and rabbit hounds, bear and lion hounds, also Aire-
dale terriers. All dogs shipped on trial, purchaser to
judge the quality, satisfaction guaranteed or money re-
funded. Sixty page, highly illustrated, instructive and
interesting catalogue for ten cents in stamps or coin

A PAIR OF THOROUGHLY BROKEN CHESAPEAKE
Bay Duck Retrievers, (Dog and Bitch, no relation).
Pedigreed and Registered. Trained and used by a market
gunner. Have retrieved hundreds of ducks, broken to
boat, marsh and blind shooting ; few dogs their equal as
duck retrievers. Price 8150. each. JOHN SLOAN, Lee
Hall, Va .

AIREDALE PUPPIES. BEST BREEDING, MANY
champions in pedigree. Also Golden Pheasant Eggs.
MRS. A. E. THOMPSON, Williamsburg, Va.

CHESAPEAKE BAY DUCK RETRIEVERS. PEDI-

greed. best hunting stock in America. Guaranteed not

gun-shy. Puppies for sale. JOHN SLOAN, Lee Hall, Va.

The Best In
Pointers

Puppies, Broken Dogs

and Brood Bitches, by

Champion Comanche

Frank, Fishel's Frank

and Champion Nicholas

Write ne your wants, picnic.

U. R. FISHCL

Box 35 HOPE, IND.

In wi-Mag %m advertisers aleaae sniw The Game Breader or tigs your letters: "Yours far Mas* Game."

THE GAME BREEDER

GAME BIRDS

TOR PROPAGATING PURPOSES

Golden, Silver, Amherst, Reeves Pheasants at reasonable prices.
1 also am booking orders for ring-neck Pheasants reared on my
preserve for delivery in early fall.

I also have rare land and waterfowl from all parts of the world.
Prices quoted for the asking.

JOHN HEYWOOD, Gardner, Mass.

Farms for the Propagation of Wild Fowl.

Wild Mallard Eggs

From Select Stock:

$25.00 per 100
3,50 per 13

From Utility Stock: v -
; :__ '.ClydfeJB. Terrell .

Oshkosh - Wisconsin

All eggs from the very finest stock
obtainable. Mated to non-related males
to insure a high degree of fertility.

Greatest possible vitality in young
stock.

Until May 1 5th

Ringneck and Mallard Eggs,
$25.00 a hundred

Mongolian, $40.00 a hundred

. Packed in special crates to
insure safe arrival.

RIVER LAWN FARM

147-153 West Mohawk St., BUFFALO, N. Y.

THE GAME BREEDER

mmm

Mallards — Drakes — Ducks — Eggs

FOR SALE AT ATTRACTIVE PRICES

The birds are strong on the wing. The eggs are gathered
dail} 7 and are shipped promptly.

ROBERT ALBIN

ISLIP, LONG ISLAND - - NEW YORK

We Offer for
Immediate Delivery

Silver, Goldens, Ringnecks, Lady Amhersts,
Reeves, Elliotts, Mongolians, Swinhoes.Versicolors,
Impeyans, Manchurian Eared and Melanotus
Pheasants. We are now booking orders for eggs
for Spring and Summer delivery of any of the above
varieties. We quote Ringneck eggs $3.50 per
dozen, $25.00 per hundred ; Green head mallard
eggs $3.50 per dozen. $25.00 per hundred. Also ;
Peafowl and' Wila Turkey 'Eggs. We •also
offer for sale Single Comb buff and Blue Orping-
tons, Rhode Island Reds, Japanese Silkies and
Longtails. Wild Turkeys, Blue, White Japanned and
Specifier Peafowls, as well as the following Ducks :
Greenhead and black mallard, pintail, redhead,
gadwall, wood, mandarin and Formosan teal,
shovelers, baidpafe and Slue Bill and 'gf-eeri wing
teal.

WANTED

White and Java Peafowls. In Pheasants, any
of the trajopans. firebacks, cheer, sommering,
Elliotts, white crested Kalij, Peacocks. Anderson's
Lineatus, Golden Eye, Greater Scaup, Old
Squa-w-, -Batter ba44-and-Gaf-gany-BucfeSi Ateo -Ring^
Teal. Tn writing" quote number, sex arid lowest
cash price.

Send 30 cents in stamps for our new igi6 color-
type catalogue of pheasants and,rearing of pheasr
ants^. If you do not Jike it .return in 48 hours jafaer
receiving, and your' money refunded ; and if you
make a purchase of us to the amount of $5.00 you
can deduct price of eclogue.. '.. . -. - ■■.

CHILES

-ffctocmt Steirflrl^r

& CO.

"*~ ^Kentucky

Wild Duck foods

SAGO POND WEED AND OTHERS

If you wish to grow a wild duck food,
that will grow anywhere except in salt
water, and the very best duck food
known,: plant Sago Pond Weed, roots or
seed. ' We will refer you to people who
are growing it abundantly, and they
will tell you how it has improved their
shooting. Sago is what; has held the
ducks, geese 'and swans in Currituck for
the past 90 years, where they have been
shot at more than any other place in
American.

• z We 2featb\p:wftd^rery- roots and
seeds. Chara, Widgeon grass roots, Red
head grass and Wild rice roots. We will
-not ship Wild rice ntcd: v ■ * -- :_

JASPER B. WHITE

-WATE RUtAV -GURRIT.UCK- SOUN Dr -ffc~ C:

64 THE GAME BREEDER

PHEASANTS, DUCKS AND EGGS

Deer And Other Live Game

FOR SAIvE, a superb lot of Golden, Silver and Amherst pheasants just
right for breeding this spring and summer.

I am now booking orders for eggs of the following varieties: Mon-
golian, Ringneck, Chinese, Golden, Silver, Amherst and Reeves.

Wood Duck, Mallard and Gray Call Duck eggs.

All the eggs I ship are guaranteed to be from non-related, pure
bred, strong, healthy birds, correctly mated; all eggs are guaranteed not to
be over three days old when they leave my farm.

I also manufacture a full line of special foods for the successful raising
of young pheasants and wild water fowl, also for feeding the old birds
all the year 'round; write for prices.

WALLACE EVANS GAME PARM, ST. CHARLES, ILL

Largest and most successful breeders of pheasants,
wild water fowl, deer, etc., in the world.

STONY LONESOME GAME FARM

Mallard Ducks and
Mongolian Pheasants

We offer for immediate delivery (limited number) of

Mallard Ducks and Mongolian Pheasants

and will take orders for eggs, delivery in the spring.

ADDRESS

12S Front Street, New York City,

or JOHN FOSTER, West Hartland, Connecticut

lit writing t*> advertisers plea** mention The Game Breeder or sign your letters: "Youn for Mart Ctat."

Mackensen Game Park

I carry the largest stock in America of live
game birds, ornamental birds and quadrupeds.

Hungarian Partridges

I am prepared to fill the largest orders
for these birds and for years I have filled
practically all of the large State orders for both
Partridges and Pheasants.

i C^V ,,-rtS^<

Pheasants

My Pheasant pens hold thousands of
Pheasants and I am prepared to furnish
these birds in large numbers to State de-
partments, individual breeders and preserves.

Wild Duck

Mallards, Black Duck, Teal, Wood Duck, Pintails and other species

can be supplied in large numbers at at-
tractive prices. Also Mandarins and all
other water fowl.

Wild Turkeys

I am now the largest breeder and
dealer in Wild Turkeys and can supply
these birds in good numbers to State
Departments and preserve owners

I carry the largest stock in America of ornamental birds and animals. My ponds now contain nearly 200 best
Royal Swans of England. 1 have fine lot of ihe beautiful pink FLAMINGOES and the very large European
PELICANS. Also STORKS, CRANES. PEAFOWL, fancy GEESE and DUCKS. My pheasant pens contain over
a thousand Ringneck and fancy PHEASANTS. All stock is kept under practically natural conditions. I have fiO acres
of land entirely devoted to my business. Can also promptly furnish BUFFALOES, DEER, LLAMAS, RABBITS, etc.

Orders booked during summer.

I have for years filled practically all the large State Orders and have better
facilities for handling large orders than any other firm.

Write me before buying elsewhere — it will pay you to do bo. Your visit solicited.
I am only 60 miles from New Vork and 30 mile6 from Philadelphia.

SaCJ^is :«" 1§B9

IS* " "

i-' * '

iff

<*9

1A-

X - -

JK"^

•

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(■yjffi " * jlrifll

WBBB)^^ .

Department V.

WM. J. MACKENSEN

YARDLEY, BUCKS COUNTY, PA.

r :

Any Game Breeder with a limited amount
of knowledge can hatch pheasant chicks but
it takes experience to rear them successfully.

If you have been disap-
pointed in even a limited
degree it is probably due
to the fact that you are
not using the right kind
of foods.

Have your poults died
at an early age? If so,
use in future, SPRATT'S
PHEASANT MEAL and
watch results.

Have they grown strong and healthy? If not, feed SPRATT'S
PHEASANT MEAL and watch results.

Are the old birds strong and vigorous? If not, try SPRATT'S
PHEASANT FOOD and watch results.

If eggs are scarce and infertile, feed SPRATT'S PHEASANT
FOOD and watch results.

SPRATT'S

REMEMBER THAT

PRAIRIE
MEAT

"CRISSEL"

is a perfect substitute for insect life and ants' eggs, also that it is
the purest form of meat obtainable.

Send 25c. for " Pheasant Culture," giving full instructions in
regard to the proper use of Spratt's Foods, also many valuable hints
about rearing semi-wild birds, etc.

If interested in dogs send 2c stamp for ' ' Dog Culture." ' ' Poultry
Culture " mailed on receipt of 10c.

SPRATT'S PATENT LIMITED

NEWARK, N. J.

(MAR 12 1921

>1°° PerYear

GAHF

T H Er

VOL. IX.

■"" WrIi -f 1

JUNE, 1916

No. 3

The- Object of this magazine- is
to Make- North America the 5iggest
GaheProducing Country in the World

unnn

THE" GAME- CONSERVATION SOCIETY. Inc.

NEW YORK CITY U.i.*

l'll''l»"'l''''"IIM»llllllllll''ll"llll»llll'lll'll'llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll ll)IIIIMIIIIlBlUlli

V^;

£]

REMINGTON
UMC

KSTC

<%l

'/y*

>v^v

3**1

£$

■z^#z&\

rWS

When a Covey Flushes with a W^hir-r-r
at Your Feet—-

or the trap toy rings in an unexpected angle on
you — it's a moment to make a man glad ot the

"Speed Shells" in his gun— Remington UMC

steel lined smokeless shells.

Sportsmen everywhere are noting the consistently
satisfactory shooting results achieved every day with.
"Arrow" and "Nitro Club" shells at traps and afield.
There are thousands of good old guns and new that
mean much more to their owners since the change from
ordinary shells to Remington UMC

The steel lining makes the main difference. It
grips the powder and keeps all the drive of the explo-
sion right behind the charge— the fastest shot shells in
the world.

You'll find the Remington UMC "Arrow" and
"Nitro Club" smokeless shells and the "New Club*
Hack powder shells at Sportsmen's Headquarters in
every town— the dealer who displays the Red Ball
JVlark of Remington UMC.

THE REMINGTON ARMS UNION METALLIC
CARTRIDGE COMPANY

Largest Manufacturers of Firearms and Ammunition in tnt World
Woolworth Building, New York

THE GAME BREEDER

When There Is Game
Enough For Al!

The day is coming when there will
be as much wild game in this country
as there was fifty years ago. Men now
living can remember the time when
the sky was darkened by the flight of
wild ducks, when wild turkeys, quail,
grouse and other game birds abounded
in our woods and fields. It does not
take a great effort of imagination to
picture what a return of these condi-
tions will mean— not only to the sportsman but also
to the farmer, the housewife and the market man.

Game farming is the medium through which the change
will be brought about. By the establishment of game farms
throughout the country it will be possible not only to meet
the present active demand for game birds (now far larger
than the supply) but also the increased demand which
will come.

Game breeding is both profitable and pleasant. Any one
having a small amount of land may start a game farm and
raise birds for his own consumption and for sporting and
marketing purposes.

If these possibilities appeal to you, or if you are > interested
from any standpoint in the increase of our game birds, write
us for the book, "Game Farming for Profit and Pleasure".
This book, which is sent without cost to those who ask for
it, takes up the subject in a broad way and gives much
interesting and valuable information regarding many different
game birds, their habits, food, enemies, and the methpds for
breeding and marketing them.

In writing for your copy please use the coupon below.

Game Breeding Department, Room 200

HEHfULES POWDER CO.

Wilmington, Delaware

Manufacturers of Explosives; Infallible and "E. C" Smokeless Sbotgun Powders;
L.4R. Orange Extra Black Sporting Powders; Dynamite for Farming' ■

Game Breeding Dept., Room 200

Hercules Powder Company, Wilmington, Del.

Gentlemen: — Please send me a copy of "Game Farming for Profit and Pleasure". I am interested in game

breeding from the standpoint of ... .. r

Name....^. i_i - - - - -

Address ».*,.:..... .. . ....... a

THE GAME BREEDER

Our Wild Fowl and Waders

A Practical Book on the Breeding of Wild Fowl
for Sport and for Profit

With Numerous Illustrations.

Contains chapters on the Preservation of Snipe and Woodcock.

Many readers of the Game Breeder have bred thousands of Wild Ducks
by following the instructions in this book.

DUCK BREEDING IS PROFITABLE.

PRICE, $1.50; Special Signed Edition, $2.00.

THE GAME BREEDER, 150 Nassau Street, New York

Heating and Cooking Stoves for
Clubs and Cottages

The Camp Cook Stove

This is an ideal cook stove for the
Mining, Lumber and Military
Camps; will work just as well in
the open air as indoors. .

Construction Companies working
large gangs of men will find this
well suited to their requirements.

IRONSIDES

Radnor Ranges
Home Victor Ranges
Victor Cook DobuleOven

"Ranges
Hotel Ranges
Royal Victor Ranges
No. 10 Ironsides Cook
Patrol Wood Stove
No. go Ironsides
Haddon Ranges

A FEW OF THE LEADING

Home Victor Hot Water Stoves
Farmer Girl Cook
New H. A. Elm Double Heaters
Vulcan Double Heaters
Tropic Sun Heating Stoves

STOVES

Index Heating Stoves
Solar Kent Heating

Stoves
Prompt Ranges
Cozy Ranges

Haddon Hercules Heating Stoves Victor Cook Ranges

Ormond Ranges

No. 15 Hot Blast Heating Stoves

Victor Gem Cook

Laundry Stoves

Loyal Victor Ranges
Victor Hotel Ranges
Elm Ranges
Farmer Boy Cook Stoves

FURNISHED

Our Friend Cook Stoves
Sentry Wood Stoves
Home Victor Cellar Furnaces
Home Cellar Furnaces
Victor Cellar Furnaces
Victor Solar Cellar Furnaces
Farmer's Furnaces and

Cauldrons

Manufactured by

S. V. REEVES, 45 N. 2nd St., Philadelphia, Pa.

In writing to advertisers please mention The Game B -eerier, or sign your letters : "Yours for More Game."

THE GAME BREEDER

Get a Hand Trap

and practice field shooting. Slip one in the locker of your boat, or under the seat of
your motor car. Pack one in your vacation outfit. Enjoy the sport of shooting where
and when the spirit moves.

The (g

Hand Trap

is a portable gun club — little in size but big in enjoyment. It throws all kinds of
targets and is bully practice for both beginners and experts. Folds up — goes easily
into the average suitcase and is ready for use at all times. Costs $4.00 at your dealer's.
If he can't supply you we'll send it post paid anywhere in the United States upon
receipt of price. Get one today and add to your summer's pleasure.

Write for Hand Trap Booklet No. 354.

E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company

WILMINGTON, DELAWARE

Plan your vacation this year to include a trip to Atlantic City, N. J. Visit the "Du Pont
Store," Pennsylvania Avenue and Boardwalk — see the big Du Pont Night Sign and try your skill
at the Trapshooting School on the end of Young's Million Dollar Pier.

In writing to advertisers please mention The Game Breeder or sign your letters: "Yours for More Game."

THE GAME BREEDER

Rockaway River— Longwood Valley Club.

CONTENTS

Survey of The Field — Are We Coming To This? — A Better Way — Game Laws
and Quail — The Cost of Quail Preserving — Some Questions for California —
Lonely Arizona — Quail with an Awful Stomach — Brer Fox in Kentucky —
The More Game Movement — Harmony.

The Longwood Valley Club - - -
The California Valley Elk - - - -
The Migratory Bird Law Regulators

Snakes and Snakes

How to Organize a Game Breeding Association

Kenneth F. Lockwood

Barton W. Evermann

U. S. Biological Survey

Alien Samuel Williams

- D. W. Huntington

By Our Readers

Notes from the Game Farms and Preserves -■•.-■-

Market Reports — Quail in the Woods — Acorns a Suggestion to Cat Owners
Editorials — Snakes — At It Again — Criminal Absurdities and Exceptions — The
Regulations — The Game Breeders — Geo. D. Pre tt.

T he Game Breeder

Published Monthly. Enteied as second-class matter. July q. 1915, at the Post Office, New York City,

New York, under the Act ot March 3, 1879.

VOLUME IX

JUNE, I9J6
SURVEY OF THE FIELD.

NUMBER 3

Are We Coming to This?

A newspaper item in the Saturday
News of Lewisburgh, Pa., states that the
quail season opens October 15 and closes
November 1. The limit is four birds in
one day, ten in a week, and twenty in
the season. Evidently both season and
bag limit are down to a microscopic
limit.

California Fish and Game, the quar-
terly publication of the State Game De-
partment, quoting the above asks: "Are
we coming to this? Will twenty years
more hunting in California bring this
State to-the same short season and small
bag limit ?" and says : "The answer is
yes, unless we profit by the experience
of such States as Pennsylvania."

The truth of the matter is that Cali-
fornia, like many other States soon will
learn that the season and bag limits
quoted are much too big. Many States
have put bobwhite on the song bird list
and only permit this bird to be eaten by
cats, foxes, crows and other vermin. Of
course, a few illegal shooters, also, can
have quail to eat. It is a simple, well un-
derstood natural law that if we add to
the checks to increase of any species, the
species quickly will decrease in numbers.
Shooting and cats are important checks
to increase. The easy way to save the
quail has been found by some game offi-
cers to be, to take the sportsman's
money and use it to execute laws pro-
hibiting quail shooting. The sportsman
can pay $1.00 for a license and shoot at
the trap.

A Better Way.

In New York State quail shooting is
prohibited for a term of years, except-

ing on Long Island. It has been a diffi-
cult matter to keep the island open. For-
tunately there are many clubs and indi-
vidual quail breeders on the Island. The
quail are increasing in numbers, rapidly,
the shooting is good and the bag limit
has been enlarged recently.

The places where foxes, hawks, crows,
cats and other vermin are best controlled
have the best shooting, but there is ex-
cellent shooting on many places where
any one can shoot by reason of the fact
that many quail nest outside the "noisy
sanctuaries" which are the best possible
sanctuaries because the shooting always,
is lively on the inside and fairly good in
the neighborhood of such places. It is;
a very simple proposition based on Dar-
win's statement, "reduce the checks to
increase and the species quickly will in-
crease to any amount."

Game Laws and Quail.

Of course, in States where quail
shooting is prohibited and where no one
is permitted to breed quail for profit, the
cats and other vermin have a fair amount
of game to eat excepting on places
where the covers are few and where nat-
ural foods are scarce. In such places the
vermin and a little illegal shooting^ is
enough to exterminate the game during
the periods when shooting is prohibited.

It is highly important that those who
arrange with the farmers to shoot on the
posted farms should be permitted to sell
some of the quail they produce. It costs
something to plant covers and food so
as to keep the birds abundant and evenly
distributed. It costs something to con-
trol the foxes, hawks, crows, v snakes,
cats and many other game enemies so

THE GAME BREEDER

that always there will be plenty of game
to shoot, sell and eat. The selling is im-
portant because men of moderate means
should sell. some game to help pay their
expenses. L '

The Cost of Quail Preserving.

Where quail are bred wild in the fields
the cost of production is very small com-""
pared to the cost of hand-rearing pheas- .
ants and ducks. The wild bred quail af- "
ford the best shooting. The advantages
of a good game breeder's law are that
those who operate under it make their
own season and bag limits and sell some
of the extra game to keep the expenses
down. There are places near New York
where the dues in quail clubs are only
$15 to $25 per year. Since no quail can
"be sold only enough birds are produced
for the club members to shcot. We hope
it will not be long before extra keepers
can be employed and that enough quail
will be produced to keep the markets full
during a long open season. Very little of
the land now posted will be needed to
Tceep the markets full. The open season
for those who do nothing should be long
and the bag limits should be increased as
soon as there are one or two quail clubs
in each county. Trap shooting; clubs pru-
vide their clay birds. Quail shooting
clubs must provide their quail. It-is a
very easy matter to do this but not in
States where shooting is prohibited.

Some Questions for California.

One of our California members has
sent the. following questions :

1. Is California a game breeding
State? ,

2. Is there a licensed game breeder in
California?

3. Are any California breeders oper-
ating under the Bowman act?

4. Have any permits to breed game
been issued under this act?

5. If so, how many?

6. What part, if any, of the Bowman
act is executed?

7. Is the State propagating and pre-
serving its game?

& Is there a duck preserve in Califor-

nia which produces any of the ducks
shot ?

9. Will 3,000 game birds stock 156,000
square miles of territory?
. .10. Does the State plant fish in private
waters ?

11. If the California breeders are not
operating under the Bowman act under
which law are they working ?

Many of our readers are breeding
game in California. Only a few adver-
tise in The Game Breeder, but we pre-
sume that here, as elsewhere, most of
them could not fill their orders.

We are, inclined ...to think from the
many . letters coming from. California
that it is time Tor the game breeders,
sportsmen, hotel. men,, farmers and- deal-
ers to get together and to work together
for more game and a better game breed-
ers' law than the Bowman act is.

We understand that the charge for a
license is too hi°fh— $25.00. This should
be reduced to $2 ; as it has been in some
States, or to nothing as it is in Massa-
chusetts. The State should be glad to
issue breeders' permits at a nominal cost
or without charge, if it wishes to have
the game increased rapidly.

We are inclined to believe that most
of the numerous California duck clubs
are v destroyers only and not producers
of game. We believe all of them will
auickly undertake game breeding when
they understand the subject and the
many benefits game breeders have under
a proper law.

Of course, 3,000 birds will not stock
a big State, especially when the birds are
thinly distributed and for the most part
quickly eaten up by vermin. Some of
our members now shoct over 3,000 birds
in a season and have plenty left over.
Tame game produced en a State game
farm is no match for the numerous ene-
mies which occur everywhere when, it
is liberated. We heard recently that
California had decided to give up feed-
ing vermin and that the State farm
would be abandoned. The State should
distribute game birds as the United
States Fish Bureau distributes fish. To
those who will look after them properly
and multiply their numbers. Quickly the

THE GAME BREEDER

game will overflow from such places and
tend to restock the State. -Seeds are
given by the government to those who
will plant them. The department should
represent all of the people and should
see that game is produced for them to
eat..

We cannot answer all of the questions
asked but we believe the State game of-
ficers see the importance- of encouraging
game breeding: that they will help to
have the law made right. We shall be
glad to help plan a 1 campaign in Califor-
nia such as has resulted in much good
in other States. The best game officers
do not interfere with or prevent the pro-
duction of game.

We understand -that the "otherwise
than by shooting nonsense" occurs in the
California law. This absurdity made its
first appearance in New York which has
set numerous fashions of nonsense. It
was knocked out the first year in so far
as pheasants are concerned. The next
year the law was amended so as to per-
mit the owner to shoot his ducks. It is
likely that over five thousand birds will be
shot this year at some of the shoots. The
pheasants and ducks are now sold at
godd prices in the New York market's.
Pheasant and' duck breeding and shoot-
ing has been put on a safe basis, the
owners of the game make their own bag
limits and season limits and sell large
quantities of game for the people to eat.
We have just opened the New York
market to the breeders in other States
and soon it will be full of pheasants and
ducks during long open seasons.

The Game Conservation Society will
in the future conduct a vigorous cam-
paign in the interest of <~ur native quail
and grouse. Tbese need the breeders at-
tention most. In some States it is legal
to produce and sell them. We exoect
in a verv few years to have the markets
full of them and the sportsman who can-
not find a place to shoot will surely be
a blind one when game is abundant and
cheap.

Lonely Arizona.

Arizona has the distinction of being
one of the' few States, if not the only
one, in the Union without any commer-

cial' or even sporting game breeders.
Arizona, however, has a very small pop-
ulation and plenty of the wild foods to
go round, Tt would be a good State for
a few commercial quail farms. The land
is cheap, the climate is' suitable and at
one time the Gambell's quail was' tremen-
dously abundant.

G. M. Willard, the State game warden
writes : "Aside from some experimental
work in pheasant culture, being carried
on by this department on a small scale,
there is ho one in the State engaged in
the propagation of game birds or animals
either for -sport or profit."

Quail With an Awful Stomach.

One of our readers, a Southern game-
keeper, says in sending a clipping from
a Baltimore paper : , "This quail must
have had an awful stomach:; I guess if
all the insects was put together they
would weigh about-a half pound." Mr.
Hansen, State game warden of Tennes-
see, is quoted in the clipping as present-
ing, "many examples of work done by
the commoner varieties of birds; his
analysis of a meal found in the stomach
of a single quail is as interesting as any.
This one high-liver had stored away
2,326 plant lice, 568 mosquitoes, 100 po-
tato bugs, 100 chinch bugs, 39 grasshop-
pers, 12 squash bugs, 12 cut worms, 12
army worms and 8 white grubs." We
often wonder that the game politician
when discussing natural history should
stop at scores and hundreds of bugs.
Why not make it thousands of each kind
instead of exactly 12 squash bugs, 12 cut
worms and 12 army worms ? The want
of a few facts never should be permitted
to interfere with a good story when a
political department is exploited for the
benefit of the farmers who often realiy
know something about the real habits of
birds.

Brer Fox in Kentucky.

Kentucky has a new law protecting
fur-bearing animals, including the fox.
The law wisely provides that farmers
may kill the fox and others at any time
on his own premises if they be found in-
jurious. Game farmers will no doubt

THE GAME BREEDER

see that the foxes and other animals de-
structive to game are properly controlled
on game farms. There is plenty of room
in Kentucky for the splendid sport of
fox hunting without running the hounds
through farms where game is propagated
abundantly.

Kentucky now has a good game breed-
ers' law and no doubt there will be fox
breeding counties in Kentucky where
this sport predominates and game breed-
ing counties where game is bred abun-
dantly, just as there are counties in Eng-
land where one or the other sport is
more common. English writers say it is
a difficult matter to rear game in fox
hunting counties, but they manage to
have both game and foxes on some
estates. We have pointed out often that
the owners of the premises should decide
what they will entertain and the two new
Kentucky laws seem to carry out this
idea.

The "More Game" Movement.

The "more game" movement seems ro
be gaining great headway in the Central
States. It is flourishing in New Eng
land. Rapidly it is flowing into Califor-
nia, where soon it will be an organized
force. The wave of common sense which
it represents soon will make it easy for
State game officers, everywhere from
Maine to California, to permit the sale
of any kind of food produced by industry
on a farm. It really seems to be an odd
crime — "food producing!" We have of-
ten thought if some one (especially one
of the many women, who are now pro-
ducing quail and other foods) would go
to jail for a short time for profitably
producing food on a farm, and let us use
a photograph of the prisoner behind the
bars, the result would be to quickly put
an end to this nonsense for all time to
come. There is no possible reason why
the American farmers and sportsmen
should not have as much freedom as
farmers and sportsmen have in all other
countries.

Bully for the Booklet.

News comes from every State in the
Union about the remarkable work being

done by the Game Breeding Department
of the Hercules Powder Company. We
have had excellent reports about the
booklet, "Game Farming for Profit and
Pleasure," issued by this company, and
the effect it has had in opening the eyes
of the people to the necessity for game
farming for profit as well as for pleas-
ure. We distributed several thousand
copies of this book, and the demand for
it still continues. A prominent sports-
man from the West, who called at the
office of The Game Breeder a few days
ago, said he had procured over an hun-
dred copies of the book and was con-
verting his neighbors to the "more game"
idea.

Harmony.

Now that the National Association of
Audubon Societies has a department of
applied ornithology, which works on all
fours with the Game Conservation So-
ciety, and with the Game Breeding De-
partment of the Hercules Powder Com-
pany, and the American Protective As-
sociation, also, has a committee on game
breeding; the harmonious activities of
these interests should soon make Amer-
ica the biggest game producing country
in the world. Game breeding with the
Game Conservation Society, which natu-
rally leads the "more game" procession,
is not a department ; it is the whole show.

The other societies have a wider range ;
the Audubons look after the song birds
and all other birds ; the American Asso-
ciation takes a special interest in the cre-
ation of quiet refuges for game. The
Hercules Powder Co., of course, has dy-
namite and ammunition powders as a
side line; but the fact that we are all
pulling together for "more game and
fewer game laws" (in so far as breeders
are concerned) indicates beyond a rea-
sonable doubt that America soon will be
the biggest game producing country in
the world.

There is honor enough for all.

Subscribe for The Game Breeder, only
L a year.

THE GAME BREEDER.

The Club House.

THE LONGWOOD VALLEY SPORTSMEN'S CLUB.

Kenneth F. Lockwood.

Tourist and summer resort literati
long ago made trite the most delectable
adjectives in our vocabulary — a most un-
fortunate fact when one sets out to de-
scribe such an enterprise as is the sub-
ject of this narrative. There may have
been a day when the public was willing
to believe that beautiful meant beauti-
ful and that wonderful meant just that
and so on, but the reckless abandon with
which these words have been seized
upon and dragged into type has multi-
plied the population of Missouri beyond
all reason.

Now, skepticism is a terrible affliction.
It ossifies and petrifies the mind and the
heart. The original bonehead was sim-
ply a skeptic — not a dunce at all. Oddly

enough the ossification process does not
affect the eye. Thus the most efficient
way to treat a victim is to take him by
the hand and gently "lead him to it."
Which is what happened in the case of
the writer. True, he was not exactly a
skeptic, nor did he claim Missouri as his
official residence, but he had read an aw-
ful number of railroad and resort book-
lets — about places he had visited. Let
us say, as they do in Washington these
days, that his mind was open on the sub-
ject.

It is no mean distance from near-
skepticism or open-mindedness to enthu-
siastic, partisan conviction, yet in the
case of the writer it was covered in a
single step. That was when one fine day

THE GAME BREEDER

Good Trout Water.

not long ago he stepped into the sunlight
of Longwood valley, county of Morris,
State of New Jersey.

Northeast and southwest the valley
rolls away in gentle undulations of fra-
grant meadowland, from whose eastern
and western borders rise steeo, wooded
mountains standing like scowling, broad-
shouldered giants guarding their jeweled
treasures, and there are jewels in this
valley — jewels set in the golden richness
of the sweet New Jersey air — the emer-
ald of the meadows, the platinum band
of the smiling, sunny river ; the blue dia-
mond of the crystal lake. They are
priceless gems on the virgin brow of the
siren Outdoors,- whose song is the song
of the birds, of the wind whispering in
the grass and the tree-tops, of the in-
sects' chirp and the brook's rippling
laughter.

This Upper Longwood Valley — or at
least a very great part of it — is the
leased property, lock, stock and barrel,
of the Longwood Valley Club, which is
"'ow being organized — it is well started

on its way, in fact, it is situated in the
extreme northwestern corner of Morris
County and consists of some 5,000 acres,
which for years was the private fish and
game preserve of the late United States
Senator John Kean, of New Jersey, who
kept it posted against trespassing and
carefully patrolled.

The valley long has been known to
Jersey sportsmen for its excellent hunt-
ing and fishing and the cream of it all
is the Kean estate. Among those who
had their eyes on the property was
Charles T. Champion, a noted Jersey
sportsman, who was the father of the
Newark Bait and Fly Casting Club, a
leading organization of the East. Soon
after Senator Kean's death Mr. Cham-
pion entered into negotiations with the
estate and eventually secured a lease for
ten years with an eye to the organization
of an exclusive club to control the
property.

On the 5,000 acres one may find the
outdoor world, in all its aspects — moun-
tain and lowland, forest and meadow,

THE GAME BREEDER

lake and stream. The forests are dense
and wild, yet in good shape for hunting.
There are two trout streams and a lake
a mile and a half long, with wooded
shores for the most part and innumer-
able coves and "turns. It is famous for
ass and pickerel.
The nearest large town is Dover,
which may be reached by either the Mor-
ris and Essex Division or the Boonton
branch of the Lackawanna Railroad.
There are more than twenty trains daily
each way between New York and Dover
at convenient hours. The trip can be
made from Hoboken in a little more
than an hour, and from Dover it is a run
of seven miles to the club. There are
numerous garages in town, where autos
may be hired by the man who dees not
care to drive all the way by motor. But
the motorist will find the going good.
The main route to Dover affords excel-
lent traveling and the highway to the
preserve is in first class condition most
of the year. The trip has been made
from New York in less than two hours.

Longwood valley is wider at its south-
ern than at its northern end, but through
that part of it which is on the preserve —
a stretch of over two miles — the width
varies but little. The mountains rise ab-
ruptly and to great height and are
wooded and rocky. To the west the
property extends about three miles over
Bowling Green mountain and part way
up another mountain, beyond which lies
Lake Hopatcong. To the east it stretches
to the very ridge of Copperas Mountain,
a striking counterpart of Bowling Green.
Here and there on the summit of the lat-
ter are clearings of several acres where
early settlers made their homes. These
spots, which are overgrown with rank
grass and other growth, make excellent
cover for game birds and rabbits. Some
of these clearings will be ploughed and
sewn with buckwheat and other suitable
grain and left standing for the exclusive
use of the wild game.

Indisputable evidence of deer may be
found on every hand. During the past
winter a large herd foregathered in a

Full of Native Trout.

THE GAME BREEDER

hemlock grove some 500 yards from the
club-house and remained there and
around the barn yard until the hard
weather had passed. They are likewise
frequently seen at other points on the
property. Partridge, pheasant and rab-
bit abound and the lake is a favorite
resort of wild duck and other water fowl.

There are two trout streams on the
property — Beaver Brook and the Rock-
away River. Beaver Brook chatters
away in a shady valley beyond Bowling
Green Mountain. It is a rock-bedded
stream of white-capped riffles and deep,
dark pools — and the trout that are in it
are real native trout.

The Rockaway is another inspiration
to the angler. Somewhat wider and
deeper than Beaver, it flows through the
valley for miles. Dotting its course are
pools of great depth where, like a
wounded snake, the river turns and
twists, cutting deep caverns under its
grassy banks. It is one of the finest
streams for fly casting the writer ever
has seen.

Beaver Brook will be given over en-
tirely to brook trout, while in the Rock-
away the rainbow will live and move
and have its being until the fatal fly,
in expert hands, rounds out its career.

Two trout ponds will complete the fa-
cilities afforded the angler. Each is only
a short walk from the club house, one
being on Bowling Green Mountain, the
other in the valley. In one there will
be nothing but brook trout, in the ether
only rainbows. Both ponds are fed by

never-failing springs of ice cold water
and are ideally suited to the purposes
for which they will be used. But little
work remains to be done to put them
in shape. Indeed, by no means the least
important of the club's activities will be
the breeding of trout for stocking pur-
poses. Black bass will also be raised on
the place. In the way of game, chief
attention will be devoted to pheasant and
wild turkey breeding.

The club-house stands on an eminence
overlooking the valley. It is a large,
roomy structure, whose air of homeli-
ness is enticing and satisfying. The
rooms are large for the most part. A
wide porch entirely surrounds the house
and the view from this in, any direction
is enthralling.

Membership will be limited. With
such a proposition as this, it is, of course,
extremely desirable to get together a
class of men who, first of all, will be ,
congenial. Nothing is being left undone
to accomplish this.

Mr. Champion, the organizer, has had
much experience in such fields. ■ He
served several terms as chairman of
the preserve committee of the Newark
Club, and is qualified to know what is
what. He is one of the leading tourna-
ment casters of the east, and has par-
ticipated as a winner in many tourna-
ments. He was for years secretary of
the Federal Trust Company of Newark,
and is at present engaged in a kindred
line, with offices in the Essex Building,
Newark.

THE CALIFORNIA VALLEY ELK.

By Barton Warren Evermann,
Director of the Museum, California Academy of Sciences.

[The article about the California valley elk referred to was published in The Game Breeder
This splendid food animal would surely have become extinct had it not been preserved by Henry
Miller on the. ranch of Miller & Lux. The story of the handling and distribution of the elk
after they became sufficiently abundant to do thousands of dollars worth of damage is especially
timely in view of the recent stories about the damage done by deer on Shelter Island, N. Y.,
and the decision of the State department to exterminate them which, however, was abandoned
in favor of the better plan of sending the deer to the State park. — Editor.]

In California Fish and Game for Ap- fornia valley elk (Cervus nannodes). In

ril'10, 1915 (Vol. I, No. 3, pp. 85-96), that article evidence was presented con-

a brief account was given of the former vincingly showing that this fine animal

distribution and abundance of the Cali- formerly ranged over the entire San Joa-

THE GAME BREEDER

quin Valley and adjacent foothills, and
through Livermore and Sufiol valleys
across to the Santa Clara Valley and
even to Monterey where Don Sebastian
Viscaino found them abundant when he
landed there December 10, 1602. Evi-
dence was also presented showing that
the range of this elk extended well up
into, if not throughout, the Sacramento
Valley.

Throughout most of its range the
species was very abundant in those early
days and it continued to be abundant in
the San Joaquin Valley at least as late
as the early fifties. With the rapid in-
crease in population of California fol-
lowing the discovery of gold, the elk had
a hard time of it, and their numbers
rapidly decreased. Through persistent
and more or less constant harassment
they were soon driven out of the foot-
hills and down into the valley where
they found, when too hard pressed, a
comparatively safe retreat in the tule
marshes. But even there they were not
secure. The eager hunters soon devised
ways and means by which the animals
could be followed into the tule lands,
and their numbers went on decreasing.
In the early seventies it is said only a
few individuals were left of the once
vast herds which only a decade or two
before had roamed over the great in-
terior valley. One report has it thai
there was but a single pair. This may
not be literally true, but it doubtless cor-
rectly states the general fact that the
species was almost extinct.

Then it was that a man of vision came
upon the scene and saved this magnifi-
cent animal from complete extermina-
tion. That man was Henry Miller, the
founder of the great cattle company of
Miller and Lux, the greatest company
of the kind in America, if not in the
world. It was Henry Miller who saw
the fate which inevitably awaited the
California valley elk unless prompt ac-
tion were taken to protect the few ani-
mals that were left. Fortunately, the
few remaining elk made their last stand
in the southern part of the San Joaquin
Valley in the vicinity of what is now
called Buena Vista Lake, and on land

owned or controlled by Miller and Lux.
There they had been able to secure a
measure of safety in the willows and
tules, but. it was Mr. Miller's strict
orders to the employees of the company
that the elk must not be disturbed under
any circumstances, that saved them.

In the article to which reference has
been made, it is told how the herd in-
creased in numbers until in 1914 there
were probably more than 400 animals
in it, how the herd was doing consider-
able damage each year to the alfalfa and
Egyptian corn fields on the Miller and
Lux Kern County ranch, and how the
California Academy of Sciences under-
took to reduce the herd somewhat by
transferring some of the animals to suit-
able places in other parts of the State.
It was believed that herds could be
established in a number of reservations
and parks in the State where they would
thrive and thus establish several new
centers for the propagation and preserva-
tion of the species. The thought was
to increase as much as possible the con-
ditions favorable to the preservation of
the species. In pursuance of this policy
54 elk were distributed in the fall of
1914 to seven different reservations and
parks. Many requests for elk could not
be supplied at that time, the number of
animals Messrs. Miller and Lux were
able to capture not being enough to go
around. Those who could not be sup-
plied in 1914 were quite anxious to se-
cure some of the elk and it was decided
to make another distribution in the fall
of 1915. This was done. Messrs. Miller
and Lux again built a large corral near
Buttonwillow in a field to which the elk
were in the habit of coming at night
to feed. The same method was followed
as was pursued .the previous year. A
total of 100 animals were captured and
92 of these were distributed to four-
teen different places.

In order that the record may be com-
plete, there is given herewith a list of
all the shipments for the two years, to-
gether with the available data regarding
the present condition of the various
herds. The distribution in 1915, as in
1914, was under the immediate direction.

.78

THE GAME BREEDER

of Mr. A. L. Bolton, of the California
Academy of Sciences.

'Here follows a detailed description of
the distributions of the elk to fourteen
parks and private preserves.
*'*** * * * * * *

From the above detailed description it
appears that the Academy has distrib-
uted 146 elk among nineteen different
reservations and parks in the State ; that
of this number 25 have died as a result
of injuries received while being caught
or beacuse of unfavorable climatic con-
ditions, or from unknown causes ; that
at least 3 fawns were born in 1915, and
that the animals now in the various
reservations and parks total at least 124.
The California valley elk is an ex-
tremely wild and nervous animal under
natural conditions and peculiarly liable
to receive injury in handling. It is re-
gretted that several were lost, but the
number is no greater than should be ex-
pected in handling animals of such deli-
cate organization. When these elk be-
come adjusted to their new environment
it is hoped and believed their rapid in-
crease will soon more than make good
all losses that may have occurred.

It ■ is estimated that the number left
in the Kern County herd is between 350
and 400. These, together with those in
the new potential centers of increase, as-
sure with reasonable certainty the pre-
servation of the species. In some of
these centers it is believed they will be-
come common within a few years. In
the meantime the Kern County herd will
go on increasing and will continue to do
large annual damage to the alfalfa and
Egyptian corn fields of that region.

MIGRATORY BIRD LAW
AT IT AGAIN.

Game Law Making with a Vengeance.

United States Department of Agriculture,
Washington, D. C, May 16, 1916.
Editor, Game Breeder,
150 Nassau Street,
New York City.
Dear Sir:

I am sending you herewith a copy of the
proposed new regulations under the Federal

Migratory Bird Law. These regulations are to
be published for thtee months subject to com-
ment, suggestions, and hearings wnere thought
deciraoie.

At L ne expiration of three mo.itns the regu-
lations with any changes that may have Deen
made resulting from suggestions received will
be recommended for the President's signature
and then become effective. This will occur in
time for the earliest date of the open season,
which is August 16 for shore birds.

You will note that a number of changes are
made in the regulations now in force and the
biological Survey believes that many criticisms
concerning the regulations have been met with-
out in any way interfe'ring with the proper
safeguarding of migratory birds. I trust that
you will give .the proposed new regulations
full publicity in your paper since you reach
many people who are much interested in this
subject.

Very truly yours,

H. W. HENSHAW,
Chief, Biological Survey.

Proposed Regulations for the Protec-
tion of Migratory Birds.

United 'States Department of Agriculture,
Washington, D. C, May 16, 1916.
Bureau of Biological Survey.

PROPOSED REGULATIONS FOR THE PROTECTION OF
MIGRATORY BIRDS.

Washington, D. C, May 13, '1916.

Pursuant to the provisions of the act of
March 4, 1913, authorizing and directing the
Department of Agriculture to adopt suitable
regulations prescribing and fixing closed sea-
sons for migratory birds (37 Stat., 847), regu-
lations, copy of which is hereto annexed, have
been prepared, are hereby made public, and are
hereby proposed for adoption, after allowing a
period of three months in which the same may
be examined and considered. The regulations,
as finally adopted, will become effective on or
after August 16, 1916, whenever approved by
the President.

Public hearings on the proposed regulations
will be held by the Bureau of Biological Sur-
vey of this department whenever deemed
necessary. Inquiries in reference thereto
should be addressed to the Secretary of Agri-
culture.

D. F. HOUSTON,
Secretary of Agriculture..

Regulations for the Protection of

Migratory Birds.

Pursuant to the provision of the act of
March 4, 1913, authorizing and directing the
Department of Agriculture to adopt suitable
regulations prescribing and fixing closed sea-
sons for migratory birds (37 Stat., 847), hav-
ing due regard to zones of temperature breed-
ing habits, and times and lines of migratory
flight, the Department of Agriculture has pre-

GAME BREEDER

pared and hereby makes public, for examina-
tion and consideration before final adoptipn,
the following regulations :

Regulation 1. — Definitions.

For the purposes of these regulations the
following shall be considered migratory game
birds :

(a) Anatidae or waterfowl, incluing, brant,
wild ducks, geese, and swans.

(b) Gruidae or cranes, including little
brown, sandhill, and whooping cranes.

(d) Limicolae or shore birds, including avo-
cets, curlew, dowitchers, godwits, knots, oys-
ter catchers, phalaropes, plover, sandpipers, •
snipe, stilts, surf birds, turnstones, willet,
woodcock, and yellowlegs.

(e) Columbidae or pigeons, including doves
and wild pigeons.

For the purposes of these regulations the
following shall be , considered migratory in-
sectivorous birds :

(f) Bobolinks, catbirds, chickadees, cuckoos,
flickers, flycatchers, grosbeaks, humming birds,
kinglets, martins, meadowlarks, nighthawks or
bull bats, nuthatches, orioles, robins, shrikes,
swallows, swifts, tanagers, titmice, thrushes,
vireos, warblers, waxwings, whippoorwills,
woodpeckers, and wrens, and all other perch-
ing birds which feed entirely or chiefly on
insects.

Regulation 2. — Closed Season at Njght.

A daily closed season on all migratory game
and insectivorous birds shall extend from sun-
set to sunrise.

Regulation 3. — Closed Season on Insectivor-
ous Birds.

A closed season on migratory insectivorous
birds shall continue throughout each year, ex-
cept that the closed season on reedbirds or '
ricebirds in New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Dela-
ware, Maryland, the District of Columbia, Vir-
ginia, North Carolina, and South Carolina
shall commence November 1 and end August
31, next following, both dates inclusive : Pro-
zided, That nothing in this or any other of
these regulations shall be construed to prevent
the issue of permits for collecting birds for
scientific purposes in accordance with the laws
and regulations in force in the respective
States and Territories and' the District of
Columbia.

Regulation 4. — Closed Seasons on Certain
Game Birds.

A closed season shall continue until Sep-
tember 1, 1918, on the following migratory
game birds : Band-tailed pigeons, little brown,
sandhill, and whooping cranes, wood ducks,
swans, curlew, willet, and all shore birds ex-
cept the black-breasted and golden plover,
Wilson or jacksnipe, woodcock, and the great-
er or lesser yellowlegs.

A closed season shall also continue until

September 1, ,19,18,. on .rails in California and,.
Vermont and ,. on woodcock in Illinois and
Missouri. . ,. . _ ,.._., . „ ,

Regulation 5— Zones.- /■• t '

The following zones for the protection of
migratory game and insectivorous birds are
liiiieoy established.

Zone No.. 1. — The. breeding zone comprising
the states of Maine, New Hampshire, Ver-
mont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecti-
cut, New ■ YorK, New Jersey, Pennsylvania,
Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Kentucky, West Vir-
ginia, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa,
North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kan-
sas, ' Missouri, Colorado, Wyoming, Montana,
Idaho, Utah, Nc\ ada, . Oregon and Washing-
ton— 31 States.

Zone No. 2. — The wintering zone comprising
the States of Delaware, Maryland, District of
Columbia, Virginia, North Carolina, South
Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Missis-
sippi, Tennessee, Arkansas, Louisiana, Texas,
Oklahoma, New Mexico, Arizona, and Cali-
fornia-— 17 States, and the District of Co-
lumbia.

Regulation 6. — Construction.

For the purposes of regulations 7 and 8
each period of time therein prescribed as a
closed season shall be construed to include the
first and last day thereof.

Regulation 7.— Closed Seasons in Zone No. 1

Waterfowl. — The closed season on water-
fowl, including coots and gallinules, shall be
between December 21 and September 6 next
following, except as follows :

Exceptions : In Maine, New Hampshire,
Vermont, New York (except Long, Island),
Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, Kentucky, .and West
Virginia the closed season shall be between
January 1 and September 16-;

In Massuchusetts, Rhode Island, Connecti-
cut, Long Island, New Jersey, Pennsylvania,
Washington, Oregon, Utah, and Nevada the
closed season shall be between January 16 and
September 30; and

In Illinois, Iowa, Nebraska, Kansas, and
Missouri the closed season shall be between
March 11 and September 15 and between No-
vember 16 and February 9..

Rails. — The closed season on sora and other
rails, excluding coots and gallinules, shall be
between December 1 and August 31 next fol-
lowing, except as follows :

Exception : In Vermont the closed season
shall continue until the open season in 1918.

Shore birds. — The closed season on black-
breasted and golden plover and greater and
lesser yellowlegs shall be between December 1
and August 15 next following, except as fol-
lows:

Exception: In Utah the closed season shall
continue until the open season in 1918.

Jacksnipe.— The closed season on jacksnipe

THE GAME BREEDER

or Wilson snipe shall be between December
16 and September 15 next following.

Woodcock. — The closed season on woodcock
shall be between December 1 and September
30 next following, except as follows :

Exceptions : In Illinois and Missouri the
closed season shall continue until the open
season in 1918.

Regulation 8. — Closed Seasons in Zone No. 2

Waterfowl. — The closed season on water-
fowl, including coots and gallinules, shall be
between February 1 and October 14 next fol-
lowing, except as follows :

Exceptions : In Alabama, Arkansas, District
of Columbia, Delaware, Florida, Georgia,
Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Caro-
lina, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia
the closed season shall be between February 1
and October 31 next following.

Rails. — The closed season on sora and other
rails, excluding coots and gallinules, shall be
between December 1 and August 31 next fol-
lowing, except as follows :

Exceptions : In Louisiana the closed season
shall be between February 1 and October 31;
and

In California the closed season shall con-
tinue until the open season in 1918.

Shorebirds. — The closed season on black-
breasted and golden plover and greater and
lesser yellowlegs shall be between December 1
and August 15, next following.

Jacksnipe. — The closed season on jacksnipe
or Wilson snipe shall be between February 1
and October 31 next following.

Woodcock. — The closed season on woodcock
shall be between January 1 and October 31
next following.

Regulation 9. — Hearings.

Persons recommending changes in the regu-
lations or desiring to submit evidence in per-
son or by attorneys as to the necessity for such
changes should make application to the Sec-
retary of Agriculture. Hearings will be ar-
ranged and due notice thereof given by publi-
cation or otherwise as may be deemed appro-
priate. Persons recommending changes should
be prepared to show the necessity for such
action and to submit evidence other than that
based on reasons of personal conven : ence or a
desire to kill game during a longer open
season.

SNAKES AND SNAKES.

By Allen Samuel Williams,
Director Reptile Study Society.

[There are undoubtedly snakes and snakes, just as there are hawks and hawks, owls and
owls, etc., some more beneficial than others. Often we have heard it said that the little
garter snake and others are harmless even, in the presence of game and that some snakes
are highly beneficial. The tendency on English game farms and preserves rapidly has been
in the direction of limiting the destruction of many species of vermin, which formerly were
deemed to be harmful. We have pointed out that it is desirable that we should start right
in America and not recklessly destroy harmless species because we imagine they may do.
some harm. Mr. Williams' article about snakes is timely. We shall be glad to have our readers
discuss the various snakes and what they are observed to do on game farms. The rule we
have laid down for the control of vermin is to observe what it does and to act accordingly. —
Editor.]

On behalf of the Reptile Study So-
ciety, the suggestion is offered to readers
of The Game Breeder and members
of the Game Conservation Society to ad-
vocate an interest in sparing the lives
of harmless (non-poisonous) species of
reptiles, which cannot harm game birds
and animals, because they are useful to
agriculture and to the interests of game
propagationists through destroying ro-
dents. In the northeastern United States
there commonly occurs no more than a

score of serpents, of which only two, the
banded rattlesnake and the copperhead
snake, its, cousin, are venomous. With-
out naming all the species or concern-
ing ourselves with their life histories and
their bearing upon the game breeding
subject, let us specialize on one species,
Lampropeltis doliatus triangulus, com-
monly termed- Milk Snake, House Snake
or Spotted Adder. This small species
which does not exceed a yard in length
feeds, as innumerable analyses of the

THE GAME BREEDER

contents of stomachs of specimens has
proved, almost entirely on small mam-
mals, principally rats and mice, wild and
tame. Though too small to engulf a
grown house rat, a "Milk Snake" can
absorb an entire brood of infant rats at
one meal. It is improbable that these
serpents ever swallow the eggs of pheas-
ants, quail or other game birds. That
these serpents milk cows or rob the
spring house milk crocks of the farmers
is an absurd but long cherished myth.
A reason and an object for this com-
munication is that the indiscriminate
slaughter of harmless serpents by pain-
ful processes promotes cruelty to ani-
mals in general, instead of kindness and
consideration. Every one of your
readers and members is more or less a
naturalist; let them tell us what facts
they may know or learn about the re-

lations of serpents to the breeding of
game.

The benefit from the food habits of
the "Milk Snake" and several other ser-
pents to game breeders is undoubtedly
considerable, for the rodent, most prolific
of mammals, takes a heavy toll of game
bird food, grain, particularly, and rats
are both egg-eaters and slayers of young
chickens and young game birds. This
is meant to be a hint or suggestion to
stimulate thought, observation and in-
vestigation by and among your readers
and members which should eventually
result in greatly needed contributions to
science and practical benefits to game
breeders, hunters and eaters. It is sent
with a deep appreciation of the efficient
work of the Game Conservation Society
and of The Game Breeder as an ad-
vocate and enlightener.

HOW TO ORGANIZE A GAME BREEDING ASSOCIATION.

By D. W. Huntington.

We have a great variety of game
breeding associations, game clubs and
shooting syndicates formed to look after
the game properly and to provide good
shooting during long open seasons. We
have also thousands of game breeders
who can supply stock birds and eggs in
large numbers and the number of indi-
vidual commercial breeders is increasing
rapidly.

Several hundred game clubs are more
or less intimately associated with the
Game Conservation Society. All take
and read The Game Breeder and they
are willing at all times to furnish infor-
mation about their organization and
their game breeding methods. We
often procure invitations for those about
to start to visit clubs which are suc-
cessful and see how the work is carried

on.

We have published numerous illus-
trated stories about these clubs and we
shall publish a hundred or more similar
articles about the clubs and game farms

which always have an abundance of
game and game fish.

Often we are asked to help start new
game breeding associations and to give
advice about the organization and about
the game breeding methods. Some of
the successful clubs rely almost entirely
upon hand-reared game, chiefly pheas-
ants and ducks ; some have an abundance
of quail grouse and rabbits bred wild
in the fields and woods. Some of the
duck clubs own or rent marshes where
many wild ducks come in the autumn;
others have small ponds and lakes
where both wild and hand-reared ducks
are shot every season. A few of the
clubs have wild turkeys, and at one of
them, The Woodmont, a large number
of wild turkeys is shot every season.

Before proceeding to discuss the best
methods for forming game breeding as-
sociations, I wish to call the attention of
those seeking information on this sub-
ject to the fact that in States which have
enacted our game breeders' laws it pays

THE GAME BREEDER

to have an abundance of game. The
clubs make their own season limits and
begin shooting early in the autumn when
the glorious Indian summer weather
makes it a pleasure to be out of doors.
They shoot through the. Christmas holi-
days and until the breeding season . ap-
proaches when, of course, the shooting
ends under a club rule fixing the date.
The clubs operating under game breed-
ers' enactments also make their own bag
limits and at many places with which I
am familiar the club members shoot
game which is fully equal .in value to
the amount of the club dues, which, in
some clubs,, are small. The clubs can,
if they wish to do so, sell some of their
game to help pay their expenses and
many clubs now do so. This is a highly
. important matter since it not only enables
men of comparatively small means to
join game breeding associations, but it
also supplies the people with some game
to eat and makes them friendly to sport.
When a man can , stop a butcher's bill
equal in amount to the game he takes
home he is not out of pocket on account
of his shooting at the end of the year
and I deem it of the utmost impor-
tance that clubs should have the right
to sell some of the game they produce
in order to reduce the expense of pro-
ducing it and properly looking after it.

Some of the clubs have large dues,
elaborate club-houses, large grounds and
many game keepers. Some have very
modest quarters and much smaller dues.
Some arrange with a farmer to entertain
members ; others arrange with a coun-
try hotel for their entertainment at a
fixed price. Some clubs own all of their
shooting ground ; some own a farm and
rent some shooting on the adjacent land.
Many do not own any land, but simply
rent the shooting.

The shooting rent varies from five to
ten cents per acre ; sometimes it is the
amount of the taxes, which in some
places are very small.

We have clubs with annual dues as
low as $15 and $25. At many clubs
the dues are $50 or $100 and some of
the clubs have much larger dues, and
they really are elaborate country clubs

with all the comforts of a first, class
city.; hotel. ,

Now that most of the farms are posted
and there is a movement to close other
large areas as sanctuaries for game
where only, foxes, hawks and other ver-
min are permitted to take it, it is,, highly
desirable that many sportsmen should
arrange with the farmers to open, up the
posted farms so that game can be bred
abundantly and shot during long open
seasons without fear of extinction.

The necessary tendency is to prohibit
quail and grouse shooting everywhere,
but this will not be necessary when there
are a few "noisy sanctuaries" in every
county. Quail shooting is prohibited in
many states. In New York it is pro-
hibited, except on Long Island, where
there are many clubs which have suc-
ceeded in keeping the prohibitory game
law off the island and in keeping the
quail plentiful not only on the club
grounds (which occupy only a small
portion of the island), but also on. free
...territory where hundreds of gunners
shoot every season. This certainly is a
better plan than prohibiting shooting.

The game clubs usually are incorpo-
rated. Under game breeders' laws the
articles of incorporation, usually state
that the club is formed to breed game
and game fish, to own or rent lands for
shooting purposes, to provide outdoor
recreation for members, etc.

The state. laws relating to social clubs
differ somewhat and the. articles of in-
corporation should, of course, be written
by a local attorney. He is usually a
member, of the club.

The clubs are governed, like other
corporations, by a board of directors,
elected by the members. The duties of
the president and other officers are simi-
lar to those of the officers in social clubs.
The president presides at board meet-
ings, appoints committees, .etc. The
treasurer collects the dues and pays the
bills ordered paid by the board; the sec-
retary keeps the accounts and attends
to the correspondence.

Some clubs have elaborate constitu-
tions, providing for mahy matters which
might well be left to regulations to be

THE GAME BREEDER 83

made from time to time by the board, pensive plans is for a club to arrange

A simple constitution providing . for the with a country hotel for' the accommo-

officers and their election, the rules for dation of its members at a fixed rate,

memberships, etc., is all that is required. This will result in the members get-

The board should make such regulations t i ng g00 d accommodation at a rate

as appear to be necessary, especially som ewhat smaller than they would pay

those providing for the open seaso^ bag if they went tQ a simiIar lace without

•limit and the sale of game, etc. Often a dub contract The sho0ting should

these matters are left to a small com- be near ^ hand The ^ tQ ^

mittee on game and fish or two com- rented

mittees, one for game and one for fish, ,. • c ' F . , ■ / oe

when fish breeding is carried on. The numb K er of guns Some dubs have 25

board should provide rules for the con- ™ emb f^ so ™ e 50 - The la rger clu bs

duct of members and fix the club-house have 100 > and in a few cases 20 ° mem "

rates when the club has a house. Ders.

One of the simplest and most inex- \t be continued

NOTES FROM THE GAME FARMS AND PRESERVES.

The Egg Market. number of eggs sold and the price ob-

Reports from our members indicate tained— not for publication if this is

that the market for pheasant and duck not desired, but in order that we may

eggs opened strong. Twenty-five and P 1 "^ a [ air estimate of the eggs sold

twenty dollars per hundred easily was l " order that those who seem to think

obtained for eggs, and those who placed there is • no game in the country can

their advertisements early in The Game be enlightened.

Breeder reported that quickly they were There was an unprecedented demanq

sold out. One of the largest New Eng- f or pheasants which increased rapidly as

land breeders wrote that he was over- th e breeding season approached. The

sold. He said also that he had sold all P nce r ose rapidly and at the end of the

the ducks he wished to sell and was not season those who had any birds to sell

offering any for less than $5.00 per pair. could m ake their own price. Some large

He says he has decided to keep all dealers appealed to the Game Conserva-

of his black duck eggs and hatch them. tlon Society- to help them get birds, and

He sold red-head eggs for $3.00 per egg we were fortunate in finding a good

last season, but they did not turn out number for one or two dealers who

well and he says "to satisfy myself I asked for °ur assistance,
was obliged to refund the money." The opening of the New York mar-

The market remained strong for duck k et to the breeders in other States will

eggs until quite recently, when we had re sult in many new game clubs and

reports from a few breeders that their preserves being started. We have been

ducks were laying well and they still a sked to give advice about many ot

had some eggs to dispose of. One says these places, and it is evident that next

he is much pleased to learn that the season, if the war is not ended in the

New York market has been opened to meantime, there will be even a bigger

ducks and that he will hatch the eggs demand than there was at the last breed-

and send the ducks to this market if he in g season. We would advise those who

should have any eggs unsold. contemplate starting game breeding for

. sport or for profit to get in touch at once

t, ... , with our advertisers and to make early

Keports wanted. contracts for the delivery of live birds

We shall be obliged to readers of The in the autumn. The prices surely wi 1 '

<Game Breeder if they will report the rise rapidly as the breeding season ap-

THE GAME BREEDER

proaches and the birds will thrive better
and lay more eggs if they are secured
early and become accustomed to their
new surroundings.

Turkeys and Turkey Eggs.

One of the largest breeders of wild
turkeys recently reported that he had sold
all the birds he wished to sell. One
breeder declined to sell any wild turkey
eggs for less than $25.00 per dozen and
said he preferred to keep his eggs and
hatch them.

Miss Mary Wilkey, who advertised for
the first time this season, reported that
quickly she sold all the wild turkeys and
eggs she wished to dispose of.

good that it seems likely more people
will get into grouse breeding. A good
big grouse ranch in one of the prairie
states soon will make a fortune for its
owner and the breeding operations need
not interfere with the farming opera-
tions. The grouse can be made a valu-
able by-product on many big wheat farms
where we predict they soon will yield
more than the wheat. We hope to open
the New York markets to this desirable
food soon and quickly it should become
plentiful. It is mighty good to eat.

The Deer Market.

Many deer breeders declined to adver-
tise since they could not fill their orders.
One wrote that a small advertisement
sold all of his deer within a few days
after it appeared. A space advertise-
ment asking for deer did not bring any
response and it was evident that the de-
mand far exceeded the supply.

Quail.

Quail prices literally soared. We had
a few birds offered at $24.00 per dozen
but soon sales were reported at thirty-
six dollars per dozen and later we heard
of an offer of $5 per bird. It is quite
evident that the laws should be amended
promptly in every State so as to permit
the taking of live birds for propagation.
The absurdity of issuing licenses to de-
stroy a certain number of birds per diem
and of refusing permission to those who
would prefer to take their birds alive in
order to breed them is apparent and this
nonsense like many other varieties must
be eliminated from the statutes.

Grouse and Eggs.

Very few sales of prairie grouse and,
ruffed grouse have been reported. There
is a big demand for these birds and their
eggs. It is now legal to produce them
in many States and the prices are so

Quail in the Woods.

Reports from several of the large quail
preserves where quail always are abun-
dant say that the birds frequented the
woods more than usual. We were un-
able to give a reason for this without
seeing the ground. An absence of food
in the fields, too much persecution in the
fields by gunners or vermin will produce
such a result. On some of the big places
with which we are familiar we can not
believe that either over shooting or ver-
min could be assigned as a reason for the
quails leaving the fields. We would sug-
gest that the food supply should always
be looked into and the natural field
covers should be observed. In some
places where the covers are too much re-
duced and food is scarce the quail natur-
ally take to the woods.

In a story about one of the smaller
places published in this issue, it would
seem that the quail went to the woods
for the small acorns which were so abun-
dant that the food could be easily ob-
tained. Probably is was found easier
to get a good meal quickly in the woods
than it was to glean the fields. A little
corn and wheat distributed in fields when
the abundant birds may have eaten most
of the natural food should keep the
shooting good in the open, where it is
easier to make the attractive double shots
than it is in the woods. The more food
and the more attractive and safe covers
there are in open fields the easier it is to
hold the birds evenly distributed in them.
Vermin should of course be controlled, as
it now is fairly well on some of the quail
shoots.

THE GAME BREEDER

Wood -Duck.

Editor of The Game Breeder :

Sir — Have you ever known the wood-
duck to build a nest upon the ground?
Yesterday I found a nest of eight eggs
on the verge of a high bank under a mass
of tangled grape vine on my country
place in Stamford. There are trees with
large holes in the vicinity, but these are
occupied by owls, raccoons, opossums
and squirrels. The wood-duck's nest is
only a few yards away from a ledge in
which a litter of grey foxes is raised
every year. Who wants to bet on the
luck of the mother wood-duck?

Robert T. Morris.

New York.

ACORNS.

By J. D. Foot.

From time to time I have looked over
your magazine to note if any party either
had for sale, or desired to buy, acorns as
a food for game birds. My experience
shows me in numerous cases, the fond-
ness for acorns that wild birds have.

Shooting on lakes and ponds near the
Mississippi River bottoms, with a ten or
fifteen foot rise in the river all of the
ducks left the ponds early in the morn-
ing for the flooded oak bottoms of the
river to feed on acorns, returning by
thousands at sunset to roost in the lakes
and until the water subsided there were
few ducks shot on the lakes and ponds.

Ten years ago — as a Blooming Grove
member — I have flushed and shot cock
pheasants, finding three or four whole
acorns in the throat of the birds.

A year ago this winter, shooting on
my club preserve in North Carolina, I
noticed on the flushing of the covey,
that one fell back from the rest; think-
ing it an injured or sick bird, I shot it.
Our game warden was with me. It was
a hen bird and its crop was of very large
size. At my request he opened it and
we took from that crop seventeen whole
""wart acorns," called so from their small
size, about a %. of an inch in diameter.
It was this bunch in her crop that made
it hard for her to fly.

This last winter my clubmates re-

ported quail scarce. Early in the season
they were plentiful in the field, but later
on they could not find them. I went to
the Jack Oak scrub in February; found
plenty of quail, which, were scattered
and picked up later, as singles. In Jack
Oak with leaves still on, I thought I was
shooting partridge (grouse) up in our
northern brush and it took a quick eye
and good shot to stop them. I examined
the crops of several. They had nicely
shelled, quartered and stowed away the
larger acorns and now and then taken a
smaller one whole.

This was an acorn year in North Car-
olina and under some oaks not twelve
feet in height I could scrape up acorns
by the handfull. No wonder the birds
were plump and large, as large as the
best Conn, quail weighing seven to eight
ounces, now and then one of nine ounces,
a last season bird.

It occurs to me that breeders of game
birds should develop the acorn diet in
the birds they grow. Especially pheas-
ants, for on shooting preserves where
these birds are liberated, fully one-third
escape the gun and were they familiar
with acorns as a food, both acorns and
chestnuts might keep them from starving
until other food was obtainable. If any
of your readers wish to try this food, I
can give them the address of a man who
would gladly sell acorns at $1.00 per
bushel f. o. b. cars, North Carolina, if
next year has an "acorn crop."

A machine could be used to quarter
the large acorns, and the small fed to the
birds whole.

A Suggestion to Cat Owners.

Mr. J. O. Curtis, Mamaroneck, N. Y.,
writing to the Times, said : "On Satur-
day last our cat caught two robins. Hav-
ing tasted blood she has developed the
hunting instinct, and during the last
week she caught and killed seven birds.
Her funeral will take place Sunday aft-
ernoon."— The Domestic Cat, by E. H.
Fofbush.

More Game and Fewer Game Laws.

THE GAME BREEDER

T& Game Breeder

Pubushkd Monthly
Edited by DVVIGHT W. HUNTINGTON

NEW YORK, JUNE, 1916.

TERMS:

10 Cents a Copy — $1.00 a year in Advance.

Postage free to all subscribers in the United States.
To All Foreign Countries and Canada, $1.25.

The Game Conservation Society, Inc.
publishers, 150 nassau st., new york

D. W. Huntington, President,

F. R. Peixotto, Treasurer,

J. C. Huntington, Secretary-
Telephone, Beekman 3685.

SNAKES.

We invite readers of The Game
Breeder, especially game-keepers, to con-
tribute short stories about their observa-
tions of the snakes. We know from
personal experience what the black
snake and rattlesnake do to game birds
and eggs ; it is enough to call for their
extermination on preserves. Although the
laws may possibly protect certain snakes
because they are beneficial, we are in-
clined to believe game keepers will fol-
low the precedent in the Massachusetts
deer case (vintage of 1730), reported m
the May Game Breeder, which indicates
that laws protecting deer or vermin do
not apply to land owners or tenants
when any damage is being done. This
is good common sense. Most game keep-
ers are unaware of laws protecting bene-
ficial hawks, and it is gratifying to ob-
serve that the courts held, at such an
early date, that the protective laws do
not apply, even to food animals, when
damage is done. Some legislatures have
confirmed this common law principle by
enacting declaratory statutes on the sub-
ject. The rule laid down by, The Game
Breeder in relation to the control of ver-
min, "carefully observe what it does and
act accordingly," has become a common
rule of conduct on preserves. Even the
most highly recommended "beneficials,"
like the marsh hawk and others,- are
promptly hung up on the vermin rack

when they are observed to prey on. game.
We should like to know more about
snakes.

AT IT AGAIN.

The regulations adopted under the
Federal migratory bird law having cre-
ated a considerable disturbance through-
out the country, the Biological Survey
has decided to try again and see if it can-
not please the prospective criminals. Mr.
H. W. Henshaw, chief of the Bureau of.
Biological Survey, U. S. Department of
Agriculture, in a letter to The Game
Breeder, inclosing a copy of the pro-
posed regulations, says: "I trust you
will give the proposed new regulations,
full publicity."

We will. They are published in full
on another page. Before discussing the
absurdities of this amateurish attempt
at criminal law making, we wish to re-
mark that there should be no objection
to a simple, national law making it a
crime to kill migratory song and insecti-
vorous birds at all times (when not in-
jurious to crops) and to shoot migratory
game birds during the breeding season,
provided, of course, such a law be con-
stitutional.

Such a law should be short, simple,
easily understood, uniform and universal.
It should be placed in the statute books
with other criminal enactments where
the people who are presumed to know the
law can find it.

Crime is a serious matter. The mak-
ing of criminal laws should not be dele-
gated to the doctors of medicine and
ornithology, who evidently have no
knowledge of the common legal princi-
ples which should, underlie all criminal
enactments. A great wrong is perpe-
trated when numerous legal snares are
set and concealed which will result in
innocent people being trapped by game
officers and fined or imprisoned because
they do not know the law. We say "con-
cealed" advisedly, since the regulations,
creating the crimes are published in a
bulletin, which usually soon is out of-
print, and not in the statute book where
one would expect to find. a; criminal law.

Judge Beaman, in his brief, filed in

THE GAME BREEDER

the United States Supreme Court, when
the migratory bird law was considered,
emphasized the fact that a criminal en-
actment should not be published in a
bulletin or circular. We insist that a
criminal law when found should be sim-
ple and easily understood and that it
should be uniform throughout the coun-
try. It should not consist of a volumin-
ous lot of fanciful restrictions, relating
to various species of birds, which are
different at various times and places,
even if such rules of conduct are made
to please the prospective criminals in dif-
ferent localities after "hearings" or con-
ferences with the promise that the law
will be changed, from time to time, to
please newcomers and kickers. Criminal
laws should not be changed often; they
should be permanent.

Our first impression after reading the
proposed regulations is that the Biologi-
cal Survey has gone plumb daffy on the
subject of game laws; that it is unmind-
ful of the fact that many similar rules
of conduct prescribed by the States have
not produced any game for the people
to eat, although millions of dollars are
expended annually in the effort to exe-
cute the state enactments.

Let the law be made short, simple,
uniform and universal, easy to under-
stand when found; let it prohibit the
taking of song and insectivorous mi-
grants at all times and the shooting of
the migratory food birds during the
nesting season; let it occupy a few lines
in the statute book with other criminal
enactments and wi will say, Amen. We
are opposed to making the United States
Government appear ridiculous. We are
opposed to the setting of numerous
legal snares for the unwary who should
at least have a fair chance of knowing
what is criminal and especially where it
is criminal.

CRIMINAL ABSURDITIES AND
EXCEPTIONS.

Our readers will observe in the pro-
posed migratory bird law regulations that
in some localities certain wild food birds
may be taken and eaten and that in
other- localities the taking and eating is

made illegal. -Some plover and tattlers,,,
for example, may be taken between Au-
gust 15 and December 1.. "Exception.;
In Utah the closed season shall continue
until the open season in 1918." What
date in 1918 is this?

Having pondered well, we fail to un-
derstand why it should be a United
States crime to take a black breasted
plover or a greater or lesser yellow
legged tattler on one side of the Utah
boundary line and not on the other side
of the line. The shooter near the line
surely must look out if the government
fully polices the boundary and the offi-
cers know where the line runs. Pos-
sibly the survey has learned that still
there are some Mormons in Utah and
had this fact in mind when Utah was
considered.

Other "exceptions" occur at frequent
intervals. Vermont gets left on sora
rails, "excluding mud hens, etc.," until
the open season of 1918. Wherein Ver-
mont has offended we do not know. Pos-
sibly the survey does not approve of an
excellent State law, recently enacted,,
which permits the people to breed and
sell all species of game.

A closed season on reed-birds or rice-
birds is provided throughout the year
except in some favored States — New
Jersey, South Carolina and others, and.
the District of Columbia. A proposed,
crime here and not there ! There and
not here! Do your own guessing; and
remember, if the appropriation can be
increased as contemplated so as to place
an army of politicians on the various,
lines, Uncle Sam surely will get you if
you don't watch out. The bobolink is
classified in regulation No. 1, subdivi-
sion (f), as an insectivorous migrant,
but after he moults and changes his
name, in some States he becomes a game
bird. There is an open season in seven
States and the District of Columbia, Sep-
tember 1 to October 31. A good smart
game policeman, using this bird as a de-.
coy should make a good bag of criminals-
by working the boundary lines between
the open and closed States.

On page 4 we find a closed season for
woodcock, December 1 to September 30^.

THE GAME BREEDER

except as follows: In Illinois and Mis-
souri the closed season shall continue un-
til the open season of 1918. On page 4
we read, "the closed season on woodcock
shall be between January 1 and October
31." Probably we are now in another
"zone," but our head begins to ache and
we suspend the reading of the regula-
tions until another evening, when per-
haps we may undertake to learn some
more prospective criminal law. Since,
however, there is an evident desire to
please kickers, and many are sure to
kick, we are quite sure we will have to
renew our studies soon after the regula-
tions go into effect in order to keep up
with the changes.

And the people are presumed to know
the law!

We fail to ascertain just what the
fines or jail sentences may be; possibly
this information will come later in an-
other bulletin. The courts might well
declare such stuff void for uncertainty.

THE REGULATIONS AND THE
GAME BREEDERS.

The Biological Survey seems to be en-
tirely unaware that most of the States
recently have amended their game laws
so as to encourage the breeding of all
or certain species of game for sport and
for profit. The so-called "more game"
movement has become of great economic
importance. Many thousands of wild
food birds, both migrants and non-mi-
grants, now are owned by breeders and
the proposed regulations should be
amended so as to provide that the re-
strictions shall not apply to breeders.
The States having become aware that it
is wrong "to protect the game birds off
the face of the earth," as the eminent
naturalist, Dr. Shufeldt, has well said,
it seems a pity for the National Gov-
ernment to step in and interfere with
a great food producing industry, which
Judge Beaman has said is one of the
coming industries of the country.

The farmers are especially interested,
since game breeding rapidly can be made
a valuable by-product of agriculture.
The hotel man who would serve the de-
sirable food and the sportsmen who

would shoot it and the people who would
eat it, should not be prevented by law
from serving, shooting and eating food
produced by industry.

Not so long ago the Biological Survey
issued a bulletin calling attention to the
vanishing wood-duck, a valuable food
bird. Some of the States prohibited
the taking of wood-duck at any time.
While the wood-duck was being "pro-
tected off the earth," in America, where
it is indigenous and once was abundant,
it rapidly became plentiful in Belgium
and Holland, where it was introduced
and was not so "protected." Some game
breeders now breed hundreds of wood-
duck in America; one of the members
of the Game Conservation Society reared
over a thousand of these birds last sea-
son and says he will increase his output
this year.

Regulation 4 of the proposed regula-
tions under the Federal migratory bird
law creates a closed season on wood-
ducks until September 1, 1918. Since it
is admitted that this bird most needs
the breeders' attention, why should the
incentive to produce it in good numbers
be removed? Keep the "fool" game
laws off of the farms where game breed-
ers are making this bird plentiful and we
will guarantee that it soon will become
as abundant as it is in countries where
there is more freedom from nonsense
than there is in America.

When the farmers become fully aware
that the Biological Survey contemplates
putting an end to an industry which
promises to increase the value of the
farms, we imagine it will become neces-
sary to have new conferences and new
hearings on another new set of regula-
tions. The time to attend to this im-
portant matter is now. Keep your regu-
lations off of the game farms.

GEORGE D. PRATT.

The Game Conservation Society has
decided that Mr. George D. Pratt is
mighty good game conservation commis-
sioner and The Game Breeder has beer
directed to make this announcement.

The fact that Mr. Pratt favored the

THE GAME BREEDER

new law opening the New York market
to game produced by industry in other
States (as recommended by The Game
Breeder) is sufficient to make the New
York commissioner popular with. all who
prefer "more game" to "more game
laws." Mr. Pratt should not be blamed
for only permitting the people to have
certain species of game to eat. New
York is the headquarters for game law
nonsense. It will not be long, we are
sure, before the profitable breeding and
sale of all species of game is permitted.

CORRESPONDENCE.

Editor Game Breeder :

A sportsman may take "-out a special
license for $5.00 to bring a deer from
Maine into New York. After he pays
$1.00 New York license and $15.00
Maine non-resident license, he can get
the deer home if he pays $5.00 more.
This is ridiculous. F. S.

New York City.

[Yes, if nonsense is ridiculous, when some
graft is attached, it is quite ridiculous. Deer
should not be so dear. There is a promising
"revival of common sense" which promises to
put an end to nonsense.]
Editor Game Breeder:

I wish to receive every copy of The
Game Breeder, as I find it very interest-
ing and helpful.

H. S. Little.

Massachusetts.

NOTES ABOUT WILD FOWL.

By E. D. Pickell.

Mr. E. D. Pickell, in a letter to The
Game Breeder, says he has about decided
to move to a warmer climate where he
can breed all varieties of wild game.

I notice he says that some Eastern
breeders claim that mallard drakes will
mate with four females; that sounds
strange to me. In all my years of ex-
perience with wild mallards I have never
known of a genuine wild mallard drake
to mate up in the spring with more than
one female of the genuine wild variety.
I have had them kill one female when I
tried to mate them with two.

Of course you can find scattered all
over this country breeders who claim to

have genuine wild mallards. I bought a
bunch of such birds four years ago.
After I had paid the express and got
them out of the crates I was so dis-
gusted that (I won't say what I said)
they quickly went the way of the market
duck.

I have never been able to mate any
variety of wild ducks or geese with more
than one male of genuine wild blood.
Neither have I ever known of a genuine
wild mallard female laying when only
one year old. I have known pintailed
ducks to do so but never a mallard.

I notice in my letter in the March
Game Breeder an error which . I wish
you would correct. I wrote .you of my
pair of hybred geese. The paragraph
reads, "my white-fronted gander crossed
with a Canada goose." It should have
read, "a white-fronted gander crossed
with a Canada goose." I got them from
the Evans Game Farm in Illinois. Please
correct this and give Mr. Evans the
credit which belongs to him.

Good News From Canada.

One of our Canadian readers writes
that the minister in charge of game for
the Province of Quebec has decided that
he will issue licenses to any responsible
persons who wish to go into the business
of game breeding. and they may acquire
specimens of the various, birds.

Mr. Chambers, he says, has suggested
that a license be made out in the name of
the writer without any charge whatever,,
as a starter.

A good start, surely.

Trap Shooting Leagues.

We have received from the Du Pont
Powder Company, Wilmington, Dela-
ware, a very good book about "Trap
Shooting Leagues." Since all of the
game clubs have traps and shoot many
clay pigeons our readers will be inter-
ested in this book. It is for free distri-
bution. Write for it if you want it.

The laws should promptly be amended
everywhere so as to permit the profitable
breeding of all species of game.

THE GAME BREEDER

Champion

Mississippi Sport

at Stud, Fee $30,00

Breed to a real bird dog with
brains, ambition and the best of
blood lines.

R. H. SIDWAY

147-153 W.Mohawk Street
Buffalo, N. Y.

The Best in
Pointers

Puppies, Broken Dogs
and Brood Bitches. by-
Champion Comanche
Frank, Fishel's Frank
and Champion Nicholas

Write me your wants, please.

U. R. FISMBL
Box 35 HOPE. IND.

America's

Pioneer

Dog Remedies

BOOK ON

DOG DISEASES

And How to Feed

Mailed free to any address by
the Author

H. CLAY GLOVER, V. S.
118 West 31st Street, New York

The Amateur Trainer

By Ed. F. Haberlein
A practical trainer of over 30 years' experience, whose
system is up to date and stands unequaled.
New Edition Just Out. Illustrated.
A plain, practical and concise, yet thorough guide
in the art of training, handling and the correcting
of faults of the bird do? subservient to the gun
afield. Written especially for the novice, but
equally valuable to the experienced handler. By
following the instructions plainly given, every
shooter possessed of a little common sense and
patience can train his own dogs to perfection.
Paoer cover, $1.00; best full cloth binding and gold
embossed, fii.50. Address

THE GAME BREEDER, 150 Nassau Street, N. Y.

Membership in Private Hunting and Fishing Preserve

The Longwood Valley Sportsmen's Club, Controlling the Fishing and
Hunting Preserve of the late U. S.- Senator John Kean in Upper Longwood
Valley, Northern New Jersey, invites inquiries from Sportsmen for Mem-
bership, which is both limited and exclusive. Deer, Pheasants, Quail,
Partridge Abundant; also Brook, Rainbow and Brown Trout, Large and
Small Mouth Bass in Lakes and Streams. Two hours by auto from New,
York.
Address LONGWOOD VALLEY SPORTSMEN'S CLUB, care The Game Breeder,

150 Nassau Street, New York City

THE GAME BREEDER

?.?6^SP0RTMANS HANDBOOK

WRITE
TO DAY

FREE

POSTAGE
PREPAID

I he 4th Edition of my Sportsman's Handbook is
ready and I want to send a copy to every man or
woman who loves the woods/ the~frelds and the inland
waters. It is the most interesting' and

Complete Sporting Goods Catalogue

I have ever written. It not only illustrates and describes
hundreds of articles for the Camper, Fisherman, Hunter and '
h.xplorer, but tells of my experience in the wilds of the United
" states,. Canada and Mexico. There are pictures of wild animals
and game birds, and advice as to selection of duffle, pitching a
tent, caring for firearms, preparing skirls for' the taxidermist
etc etc there are chapters on how, when and where to Camp,
t ish and Hunt, and many ' "kinks" in wildcraft. .'

I will send this book free if you mention No 266

TVt,n£ y °r u 6 i nte , rested j n .outdoor or indoor games, such as Baseball,
tennis, Golf Archery, Swimming, Basketball,' Boxing, etc., let me <
send you Book No. 265. Powhatan Robinson: President

New York Sporting Goods Co.

15 and 17 Warren Street

STATEMENT OF THE OW'nERWTP tvtatvt

AGEMENT, CIRCULATION ETC R#

QUIRED BY THE ACT' OF CON

GRESS OF AUGUST 24, 1912

?t F New E Tork M v B v EEl>E A R ' Published monthly
x JNew \ork, N. Y., for April 1st, 1916

STATE of New York 1 « a .

COUNTY of New Y6ri) SS - •

and e oonntv e ;f« n0t ^ y PUblic in and for the st ate
Hnr.JwJl 5 ' af01 u esa i d - Personally appeared D. W.

cirdIn^ri»w h S haVinS b / en duly sworn a C :
Editor of Vh7'n deP °% S a ", d says that he is the
^.aitor of The Game Breeder, and that the fol-
ding is, to the best of his knowledge and be -

Igement rU ^r Sta ^ m t e >. nt °/ the owner ^i P# man-
thV^Jl' X ' 0f - th .? afore said publication for
^,™ shown in the above caption, required

Uon4« C p^ w &USt 24 ' 1912 ' embodied in sec-
tion 443, Postal Laws and Regulations, printed
on the reverse of this form, to wit: *" lntea

ii«w Tha i t -< the names *nd addresses of the pub-
Sanagers are': manafdng editor / and business

Name of —
Publisher— The Game Conservation Society, Inc ,
PHiJn 1 ^ St - New York, N. Y.

York 15 Y untingt °n, 150 Nassau St., New
Managing Editor— None.
Business _ Managers— The Game Conservation

Society, Inc.. 150 Nassau St., New York,

2- That the owners are:

The Game Conservation Society, Inc., 150
„™^ Nassau St., New York, N. Y
STOCKHOLDERS— C. B. Davis, Grantwood,
^ew Jersey.

New York, U. S. A

■

■
i

■

F. R. Peixptto, 55 John St., New York, N Y
A.. A. Hill, 71 Murray St., New York, N.Y.
D W. Huntington, 150 Nassau St., New

York. N. Y.
J. C. Huntington, 150 Nassau St., New

York, NY..

3- That the known bondholders, mortgagees,
and other security holders owning or holding 1
per cent or more of total amount of bonds, mort-
gages, or other securities are: None.

4. That the two paragraphs next above, giv-
ing the names of the owners, stockholders and
security holders, if any, contain not only the list
of stockholders and security holders as they ap-
pear upon the books of the company but also,
in cases where the stockholder or security holder
appears upon the books of the company as trus-
tee or in any other fiduciary relation, the name
of the person or corporation for whom such
trustee is acting, is given; also that the said
two paragraphs contain statements embracing
affiant's full knowledge and belief as to the cir-
cumstances and conditions under which stock-
holders and security holders who do not appear
upon the books of the company as trustees, hold
stock and securities in a capacity other than
that of a bona fide owner; and this affiant has
no reason to believe that any other person, as-
sociation, or corporation has any Interest direct
or indirect in the said stock, bonds, or other se-
curities than as- so -stated- -by him.

D. W. HUNTINGTON, Editor.

Sworn to and subscribed before me this 28th
day of March, 1916.

George F. Bentley,
SEAL Notary Public, 167.

(My commission expires March 30th, 1916.)

92 THE GAME BREEDER

CLASSIFIED ADVERTISEMENTS

THE GAME

150 Nassau Street

BKEEDEIt

New York City

LIVE GAME

PHEASANT AND JAPANESE PHOENIX FOWL
Egijs lor sale: several varieties. S V. REEVES, 114
E. Park Ave., Haddonfield, N. J.

QUAIL, PARTRIDGES, WILD FOWL, DEER AND
other animals. See display advertisement in this issue.
WM. J MACKENSEN, Proprietor Pennsylvania Pheas-
antry and Game Park.

CANADA WILD GEESE AND THEIR GOSLINGS—
A limited number for sale now — the surest way to start
breeding this species. We are the oldest and largest
breeders of Canadas in this country Black and White
Swans.Wild Ducks, etc . for sale. WHEALTON WATER
FOWL FARMS. Cbincrteague Island. Va.

WILD TURKEY'S— For orices see display advertisement
in this issue. W. i. MACKENSEN, Yardley, Bucks
County, Pa.

FOR SALE — Pheasants and eggs. Everything in the
pheasant family. Pamphlet witn order free. BUCK-
WOOD PHEASANTRIES.Dunfield. Warren Co., New
Jersey. (,oti

FOR SALE BUFFALO AND FLK IN CAR LOAD
lots or single. Deer, Antelope. Beaver. Mink, Mountain
Lion, Pheasants and Game Birds. Eggs in season.
KENDRICK PHEASANTRIRS, Coronado Building,
Denver. Colorado. j./b

5 VARIETIES OF PHEASANTS Wild Mallards,
Wild Geese and game. Fourteen varieties of stand-
ard Poultry, including Turkeys. Also Elk. List free.
G. H HARRIS. Taylorville, 111.

GOLDEN AND ENGLISH RINGNECK PHEASANT

eggs for hatching. May to August. W. S. ALLISON.

Merrimacport, Mass. 7-76

PURE BRED WILD WATERFOWL AT FOLLOW,
ing prices: Mallards. $3.00 per pair. Pintails, $2.50 per
pair. Green Wing Teal, $4.00 per pair. Blue Wirg Teal,
$3 00 per pair. Also redheads, Gadwalls, Widgeons,
Canvasbacks, Spoonbills, at reasonable prices, for oropa-
gating and scientific purposes. GEORGE J KLEIN,
Ellinwood, Kansas.

GOLDEN PHEASANTS— 810.00 A PAIR EGGS 30c

each. FRANKLIN J. PITTS, 14 Websier St.. Taunton.

Mass. y.jb

SAN LORENZO GAME FARM — BREEDER OF
all kinds of pheasants ; eggs in season ; also birds
for sale at all times Visitors welcome. Write for
price list. Mrs. S. MATTHI ESSEN, San Lorenzo,
Alameda Co., California. 7^76

CALIFORNIA ASSOCIATED PHEASANT BREED-
ERS. Pheasants. Quail, Mallard price list. FRED D.
HOYT, Hayward, Cal.

GAME EGGS

RING NECK PHEASANT EGGS FROM CHOICE

stock. Order now for early deliverv. $2 50 per setting

of is eggs. EDWARD W. DOLAN, Worthington.

Minn. 5-16

WILD MALLARD DUCK EGGS— APRIL TO MAY
15, 1016 $15.00 per hundred. May 16 to July 5. 1916,
$12 00 per hunded. Safely packed (send draft). Order
at once. First cme, first served (no limit, no discount)
C. BREMAN CO.. Danville. Illinois.

PHEASANT EGGS FOR SALE: STRICTLY FRESH
and fertile. I am now booking orders for spring and
summer. Amherst, Golden, Silver. GRAY PHEAS-
ANTRIES, Ward Street, Orange, New Jersey.

EGGS FROM RINGNECK PHEASANTS. MALLARD
ducks. All the popular breeds of hith grade chickens.
MILL ROAD POUITRY FARM. Apple Grove
Virginia. 5-ib'

WILD MALLARD DUCK EGGS FOR SALE-FROM

wild stock this season ; also Ring-Neck Pheasant eggs.
From largest breeding farm in the south. H. A. BEASLEV,
Carroll Island Club, Continental Trust Building, Balti-
more, Md.

WILD AND BRONZE TURKEY EGGS, CHICKEN

eggs. Handsome catalog showing pure wild gobbler
from the mountain. VALLEY VIEW POULTRY FARM,
Belleville, Pa.

MALLARD EGGS. FROM SELECT WINNERS,
#3.50 per 13, $25.00 per hundred; from utility stock, $2 00.
per 13, $15.00 per hundred Eaily eggs bring bettrr re-
sults Enter order now. CLYDh. B. TERRELL, Natur-
alist. Depi. P2. Oshkosh, Wis

RINGNECK, SILVER AND GOLDEN PHEASANT
eggs for sale. Pure stock anil fresh eggs only. Reason-
able. W. L. EDISON, Mornstown, N. J.

GAME BIRDS WANTED

WANTED— MONGOLIAN AND RINGNECK PHEAS-
ANTS and deer for breeding Also cub bear Give-
description and prices. CLARE WILLARD, Allegany.
New York.

WANTED— WHITE PEAFOWL, EITHER SEX,
Pied Peafowl, Soemmerring, Cheer, Hi ki and German
Peacock Pheasants, Ruffed Grouse, and White Squirrels.
Also Swinhoes; state price and number R A. CHILES.
& CO.. Mt Sterling. Ky.

WANTED— FANCY AVIARY PHEASANTS, RING-

necks. peacocks, partridges, quail, prairie chickens,

»ood and mandarin ducks. Quote prices. ROBER'!

HUTCHINSON, Littleton, Colo.

DEER WANTED -Wanted, one pair of adult fallow deer

State price. A C. C, care of The Game Breeder, 150

Nassau St., N. Y. City.

GAMEKEEPER.S

SITUATION WANTED— HEAD GAMEKEEPER OI
Superintendent of large estate or game preserve. Very
capable man to show sport. Thoroughly experienced
rearing pheasants, partridge, quail and wild ducks.
Management of incubators hatching pheasant and duck
eggs. Also breeding, training and handling high class
shooting dogs. Excellent trapper, competent manager.
Reference present employer. GAMEKEEPER, 157 East
69th St., New York.

In writing to advertisers please mention The Game Breeder or sign your letters : "Yours for More Game.'

THE GAME BREEDER

•GAMEKEEPER REQUIRES SITUATION, UNDER-
stands all duties. Best references from Europe and
*his country. Address M. F.. care of The Game Breeder,
150 Nassau Street. New York.

WANTED-SOBER, INDUSTRIOUS. EXPERIENCED
man to raise Pheasants and Turkeys. Will pay a moderate
salary and liberal share of profits. Address giving full
details of qualifications. CHAS. B. WOOD, Hadlyme,
>Conn.

UNDERKEEPER—WANTED A GOOD MAN WHO
thoroughly understands pheasant rearing, willing and
■obliging. Age aboui 24 years. Send full particular! of
references to REARER, care of The Game Breeder, 150
Nassau St , New York City 7~ib

WANTED— SITUATION
As Superintendent or Manager on a game farm or
preserve. Experienced in game and poultry breeding.
Good reason for aesiring change of location. Would
take an interest in a game farm to breed game com-
mercially. Address C. McM., office of The Game
Breeder, no Nassau Street, New York City.

REAL ESTATE

GAME BREEDING FARM WANTED
Wanted to purchase or rent a small place_ in one
of the Eastern States where game breeding is legal.
A small farm with a pond and stream is desired.
State price and location. M. A. C., care of The
Game Breeder, 150 Nassau St., N. Y. City.

BUNGALOW FOR SALE OR RENT

HAVE WELL BUILT BUNGALOW IV THE MOUN-
tains of Ulster Co., N.Y., 2 hours from N.Y.City and half-
hour from Poughkeepsie. Bungalow contains 6 rooms,
good artesian well and first-class outbuildings. Will rent
furnished or unfurnishedforihecomingsummer. Address
E DAYTON, 26 Bergen Ave., Jersey City, N. J.

WANTED PARTNER-TO TAKE AN INTEREST
in a deer par k and preserve near New York. 150 acres
fenced with eight foot fence, containing deer and an
abundance of ruffed grouse Two trout streams and
solendid water for wild duck breeding. G. B.. care of The
Game Breeder. 150 Nassau St., New York Citv.

FOODS

WHITE'S PRESERVE -WILD CELERY AND ALL
kinds of wild duck food, plants and seeds. Also enter-
tain sportsmen. Waterlily, Currituck Sound, Ncrtn Caro-
lina. .

WILD DUCKS' NATURAL FOODS Will attract
them ( he>-e loods collected, examinations made, plant-
ings planned and superintended. Write for free infor-
mation CLYDE B TERRELL, Specialist on the Natural
Foods of Wild Ducks, Dept. Pi, Oshkosh, Wis.

MEAL WORMS FOR BIRDS, FOR SALE BY THE
hundred or in large quantities 25c. per hundred. Write
for prices for larger lots. WM. sTOFHREGN, 124-126
4th Ave., New York City.

MISCELLANEOUS

REARING PHEASAVTS IN SMALL ENCLOSURES.
Price, 20 Cents. It contains nothing that has not been
thoroughly and successfully tried out in actual practice.
S. V. REEVES, Haddonrield, N. J.

SEND 25 CENTS FOR INFORMATION AND PRICE
list of the most profitable furbearing animal, the Black
Siberian Hare. SIBERIAN HARE CO., Hamilton,
Canada.

BLACK SIBERIAN HARE; $10 per pair, $15 per trio
JOHN W. TALBOT, South Bend, Indiana.

AIREDALE PUPPIES, BEST BREEDING, MANY
champions in pedigree. Also Golden Pheasant Eggs.
MRS. A. E. THOMPSON, Williamsburg, Va.

DOGS

AIREDALE PUPPIES, BEST BREEDING, MANY
champions in pedigree. Also Golden Pheasant Eggs.
MRS. A. E. THOMPSON, Williamsburg, Va.

NORWEGIAN BEAR DOGS, IRISH WOLFHOUNDS,
English bloodhounds, Russian wolfhounds, American fox-
hounds, lion, cat, aeer, wolf, coon and varmint dogs. All
trained. Shipped on trial. Satisfaction guaranteed or
money refunded. Purchaser to decide. Fifty page highly
illustrated catalogue, 5c. stamp. ROOKWOOD KEN-
NELS, Lexington, Kentucky.

THE BLUE GRASS FARM KENNELS, of Berry, Ky.,
otter for sale setters and pointers, tox and cat hounds
wolf and deer nounds. Coon and opossum hounds, var-
mint and rabbit hounds, bear and lion nounds, also Atie-
dale terriers. All dogs shipped on trial, purchaser to
judge the quality, satisfaction guaranteed or money re-
tunded. Sixty page, highly illustrated, instructive and
interesting catalogue lor ten cents in stamps or coin.

GAME KEEPER WANTED

WANTED— I HAVE A FARM OF ABOUT 450

acres, and i want to get hold of a good man who
thoroughly understands game breeding and the
stocking of a game farm. . I do riot want a head-
keeper or under-keeper, but a good man who can
do this work himself without a lot of assistants,
because there really isn't a great deal to be done.

I have a nice, new house with three bedrooms,
porcelain bath, running water in kitchen and bath,
and a man with. a small family can be thoroughly
comfortable.

My farm is situated in Maryland, near Balti-
more. I have no plans for an elaborate estate
with headkeepers and underkeepers, but do want
to get hold of a gqod, sensible, level-headed game
man, who understands his business and is willing
to do whatever is to be done around the farm,
breed the game for it and keep game there. This
is an excellent opening for the kind of man I am
looking for. ■ '>

Address, STUART OLIVIER, Room 529 Mun-
sey Building, Baltimore, Md. *

WANTED— ASSISTANT GAME KEEPER, FAMIL-
iar with the rearing and care of ducks and pheas-
ants. Salary $40.00 per month and lodging.

ROBERT GOELET, 9 West 17th St., New York.

Knowledge Wanted.

The U. S. Biological Survey has de-
cided that it don't know about the Black
Siberian Hare. Write Siberian Hare
Company, Hamilton, Canada. We have
never seen this hare.

In writing to advertisers please mention The Game Breeder or sign your letters: "Yours for More Game."

Apply the game laws to tame turkeys
and soon there would be no tame tur-
keys.

The laws should permit reputable
breeders to trap game on their farms for
propagation.

THE GAME BREEDER

GAME BIRDS

TOR PROPAGATING PURPOSES

Genuine Wild Mallards, Black Duck, Green-wing and Blue-
wing Teal, Pintails, Gadwalls, Shovellers, Wood Duck, Widgeon,
Red- heads, Blue-bills, also a few pairs of extra choice Canvas-backs
and Ring-bills; Canadian, Greater and Lesser Snow, Ross, Brant,
Hurchins. Cackling and Blue Geese, supplied for propagating
purposes. Finest quality in the country.

Golden, Silver, Amherst, Reeves Pheasants at reasonable prices.
I also am booking orders for ring-neck Pheasants reared on my
preserve for delivery in early fall.

I also have rare land and waterfowl from all parts of the world.
Prices quoted for the asking.

JOHN HEYWOOD, Gardner, Mass.

Farms for the Propagation of Wild Fowl.

Wild Mallard Eggs

From Select Stock:

$25.00 per 100
3.50 per 13

From Utility Stock:

$15.00 per J 00
2.00 per 13

Clyde B. Terrell
Oshkosh - Wisconsin

All eggs from the very finest stock
obtainable. Mated to non-related males
to insure a high degree of fertility.

Greatest possible vitality in young
stock.

Until May 1 5th

Ringneck and Mallard Eggs,
$25.00 a hundred

Mongolian, $40.00 a hundred

Packed in special crates to
insure safe arrival.

RIVER LAWN PARM

1 47-1 53 West Mohawk St., BUFFALO, N. Y.

In writing to advertisers please mention The Game Breeder or sign your letters: "Yours for More Game."

THE GAME BREEDER

Mallards — Drakes — Ducks — Eggs

FOR SALE AT ATTRACTIVE PRICES

The birds are strong on the wing. The eggs are gathered
daily and are shipped promptly.

ROBERT ALBIN

ISLIP, LONG ISLAND - - NEW YORK

U7 RITE US for Prices
on ringnecks deliver-
able in July, August or
September as you may
desire, also Mallard. We
handle sixteen other varie-
ties of pheasants, all varie-
ties peafowl, wild turkey
and fancy ducks.

Send 30 cents stamps
for colortype catalogue.

CHILES & CO.

Mount Sterling,

Kentucky

Wild Duck Foods

SAGO POND WEED AND OTHERS

If you wish to grow a wild duck food,
that will grow anywhere except in salt
water, and the very best duck food
known, plant Sago Pond Weed, roots or
seed. We will refer you to people who
are growing it abundantly, and they
will tell you how it has improved their
shooting. Sago is what has held the
ducks, geese and swans in Currituck for
the past 90 years, where they have been
shot at more than any other place in
American.

We also ship wild celery roots and
seeds Chara, Widgeon grass roots, Red
head grass and Wild rice roots. We will
not ship Wild rice seed.

JASPER B. WHITE

WATERULY, CURRITUCK SOUND, N. C

In writing to advertisers please mention The Game Breeder or sign your letters: "Yours for More Game."

96 THE GAME BREEDER

PHEASANTS, DUCKS AND EGGS

Deer And Other Live Game

FOR SALE, a superb lot of Golden, Silver and Amherst pheasants just
right for breeding this spring and summer.

I am now booking orders for eggs of the following varieties: Mon-
golian, Ringneck, Chinese, Golden, Silver, Amherst and Reeves.

Wood Duck, Mallard and Gray Call Duck eggs.

All the eggs I ship are guaranteed to be from non-related, pure
bred, strong, healthy birds, correctly mated; all eggs are guaranteed not to
be over three days old when they leave my farm.

I also manufacture a full line of special foods for the successful raising
of young pheasants and wild water fowl, also for feeding the old birds
all the year 'round ; write for prices.

WALLACE EVANS GAME f ARM, ST. CHARLES, ILL.

Largest and most successful breeders of pheasants,
wild water fowl, deer, etc., in the world.

STONY LONESOME GAME f ARM

Mallard Ducks and
Mongolian Pheasants

We offer for immediate delivery (limited number) of

Mallard Ducks and Mongolian Pheasants

and will take orders for eggs, delivery in the spring.

ADDRESS

1 29 Front Street, New York City,

or JOHN FOSTER, West Hartland, Connecticut

In writing to advertisers please mention The Game Breeder or sign your letters : "Yours for More Game.'

Mackensen Game Park

I carry the largest stock in America of live
game birds, ornamental birds and quadrupeds.

Hungarian Partridges

I am prepared to fill the largest orders
for these birds and for years I have filled
practically all of the large State orders for both
Partridges and Pheasants.

Pheasants

My Pheasant pens hold thousands of
Pheasants and I am prepared to furnish
these birds in large numbers to State de-
partments, individual breeders and preserves.

Wild Duck

Mallards, Black Duck, Teal, Wood Duck Pintails and other species

can be supplied in large numbers at at-
tractive prices. Also Mandarins and all
other water fowl.

Wild Turkeys

I am now the largest breeder and
dealer in Wild Turkeys and can supply
these birds in good numbers to State
Departments and preserve owners

Royal 8w«nI e of t »n»limn I li A 7 e h rica ^ t T ,,n ™ t ? 1 h J rds . a , nd anima1 ^ M / P^d, now contain nearly SOO bet*
PEUCAvf AKo STORk't rV^R-^P^ir^a', ? eauU ^^ n I , k FLAMINGOES and the very large European
<■ Also blOKKS, CRANES. PEAFOWL, fancy GEESE and DUCKS. My pheasant pens contain over
111 ^ d „ fan< T ™ EAS ANTS All stock is/kept under practically natuUSu^s ^

or la. , devoted to my business. Can also promptly furnish BUFFALOES, DEER. LLAMAS. RABBITS, etc"

Order* booked during summer.

I have for years filled practically all the large State Orders and have better
facilities for handling large orders than any other firm.

ore buying elsewhere— U will par you to do •<>. Your visit solicit »>
1 am only 60 miles from New York and 30 mile« from Philadelpl

WM. J. MACKENSEN

YARDLEY. BUCKS COUNTY. PA.

vm *VH

: '^S^W

1 £3*1* ij

fr" *

■~j

rtmml V.

There is no food like

SPRATT'S

\U5^

obtainable. SPRATT'S
CRISSELtakes the place of
am 1 the natural

insect food consumed
the birds in the free st,
and this reason is

ureat value i njr and

ned pheasant

GAME FOODS MANUFACTURED BY SPRATT'S PATENT are:

SPRATT'S PHEASANT MEAL No. 12 (For Pheasant, Partridge
and Quail Chicks ).

SPRATT'S PHEASANT MEAL No. 5 I For young Pheasant

SPRATT'S PHEASANT FOOD No. 3 | For adult birds).

SPRATT'S MAXCO (Tl st nourishing food obtainable

SPRATT'S PRAIRIE MEAT "CRISSEL" (Takes the pla \nts

>gs and is a perl

jtitute for insect life

SPRATT'S WILD DUCK MEAL (The I >od for ducklings

SPORTSMEN on hunting trips will do well

for th< or

hundred pounds

SPRATT'S DOG CAKES

will take up littl id will furnish sufficient food in th

n.pmical form, with the lea -sible exp< r the entire trip.

r dogs in the field where hard work is required, we manui
tvtre a biscuit containing an extra entage of meat.

Send 25c. for "Phe; ulture." 10c. for "I

2c. stamp for "Dog Cultur

SPRATT'S PATENT LIMITED, NEWARK, N. J.

1j=t;

MAR 12 1921

#loo perYear

Single Copies 10

THt

JULY, 1916

The- Object op this magazine is

to Make- Noeth Am erica the 5iggest

Game Producing Country in the World

■'■ ™f- ' ■ ■ :■:■■'

" ■ ■■" . ■ :. ■• ■

No,

f»j

z^;

^SJi»V

vvhen a Covey Flushes with a \vhir-r-r
at Your Feet^

or the trap toy rings in an unexpected angle on
you — it s a moment to make a man glad of the
"Speed Shells in his gun — Remington UMC
steel lined smokeless shells.

Sportsmen everywhere are noting the consistently
satisfactory snooting results achieved every day with
"Arrow and "Nitro Club shells at traps and afield.
There are thousands of good old guns and new that
mean much more to their owners since the change from
ordinary shells to Remington UMC.

The steel lining makes the mam difference. It
grips the powder and keeps all the drive of the explo-
sion right behind the charge — the fastest snot shells in
the world.

I oull find the Remington UMC "Arrow and
'Nitro Club smokeless shells and the 'New Club
black fiowder shells at Sportsmen s Headquarters in
every town — the dealer who displays the Red Ball
J^lark of Remington JjJ^lC.

THE REMINGTON ARMS UNION METALLIC

CARTRIDGE COMPANY

Largest ^Manufacturers of Firearms and Ammunition in the World

"Woolworth Building, New York

THE GAME BREEDER

Write for a- Copy
of This Book

EVERY sportsman should have a copy
of "Game Farming for Profit and
Pleasure. ; ' If you are a lover of the
woods and fields and the wild game that
inhabits them you will find this book of in-
tense interest and undoubted value. It is
sent free to those who write for it

"Game Farming for Profit and Pleasure" is a
carefully edited and profusely Illustrated manual on
the breeding of game birds. It describes in detail
the habits, foods and enemies of wiid turkeys, pheas-
ants, grouse, quail, wild ducks, and related species.
It tehs of the best methods for rearing. It discusses
the questions of marketing and-hunting.

The breeding of game birds is profitable and

Game Breeding Department, Room 201

HERCULES POWDEI^CO.

Wilmington, Delaware

Manufacturers of Explosives; Infallible and "E. C." Smokeless Shotgun Powders; L. & R. Orange Extra Black Sporting Powder;
Dynamite for Fanning.

Game Breeding Department, Room 201

Hercules Powder Company, Wilmington, Delaware

Gentlemen: — Please send me a copy of Game Farming for Profit and „

Pleasure. I am interested in game breeding from the standpoint of Name ............................ , ............■■■■■■ i ■

pleasant for many reasons. The demand for birds,
both from city markets and from those who wish to
raise game, is much greater than the supply. There
is also a continuous call for eggs by breeders.

Furthermore the birds you raise will afford you
good sport in hunting, aud also food for your table.
If you own large acreage, you may lease the privi-
lege of shooting over your land to those who will
gladly pay for it.

But the book tells the whole story. Sreo will
find it most interesting reading. Write for your
copy today. Use the coupon below.

THE GAME BREEDER

Our Wild Fowl and Waders

A Practical Book on the Breeding of Wild Fowl
for Sport and for Profit

With Numerous Illustrations.

Contains chapters on the Preservation of Snipe and Woodcock.

Many readers of the Game Breeder have bred thousands of Wild Ducks
by following the instructions in this book.

DUCK BREEDING IS PROFITABLE.

PRICE, $1.50; Special Signed Edition, $2.00.

THE GAME BREEDER, 150 Nassau Street, New York

Heating and Cooking Stoves for
Clubs and Cottages

The Camp Cook Stove

This is an ideal cook stove for the
Mining:, Lumber and Militaiy
Camps; will work just as well in
the open air as indoors.

Construction Companies working
large gangs of men will find this
well suited to their requirements.

IRONSIDES

A FEW OF THE LEADING STOVES FURNISHED

Radnor Ranges
Home Victor Ranges
Victor Cook DobuleOven

Ranges
Hotel Ranges
Royal Victor Ranges
No. 10 Ironsides Cook
Patrol Wood Stove
No. go Ironsides
Haddon Ranges

Home Victor Hot Water Stoves

Farmer Girl Cook

New H. A. Elm Double Heaters

Vulcan Double Heaters

Tropic Sun Heating Stoves

Haddon Hercules Heating Stoves

Ormond Ranges

No. 15 Hot Blast Heating Stoves

Victor Gem Cook

Laundry Stoves

Index Heating Stoves
Solar Kent Heating

Stoves '
Prompt Ranges
Cozy Ranges
Victor Cook Ranges
Loyal Victor Ranges
Victor Hotel Ranges
Elm Ranges
Farmer Boy Cook Stoves

Our Friend Cook Stoves
Sentry Wood Stoves
Home Victor Cellar Furnaces
Home Cellar Furnaces
Victor Cellar Furnaces
Victor Solar Cellar Furnaces
Farmer's Furnaces and

Cauldrons

Manufactured by

S. V. REEVES, 45 N. 2nd St., Philadelphia, Pa.

In writing to advertisers please mention The Game Breeder or sign your letters : "Yours for More Game."

THE GAME BREEDER

Scenes at Last Year's G. A. H.

Don't Miss the Big Shoot.

Bigger and better than ever this year — handsome trophies
for the winners — an outing full of pleasure and a tournament
that will test your gunskill to the limit. Make sure to be
on hand for the

GRAND AMERICAN HANDICAP,

ST. LOUIS, MO.

August 21 to 25.

Ten traps will be in operation. Ideal conditions are anticipated.
All of the country's shooting stars will be there and every man will
have his chance to win the Nation's Shooting Honors and the
trophy that goes with them. Get ready now — come and bring the
folks. St. Louis is easily accessible and there's a good time in
store for all.

Plan Your Vacation To Include G. A. H. Week.

For program and special information write to E. Reed Shaner,-
Sec'y Interstate Association, 219 Coltart Avenue, Pittsburgh,
Pa., or The Sporting Powder Division of

E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company,

592 Du Pont Building, Wilmington, Del.

To reach the shooting grounds take Delmar car on Olive Street to Delmar Garden — auto service thence

to the grounds.

In writing to advertisers please mention The Game Breeder or sign your letters: "Yours for More Game.'

100 THE GAME BREEDER

CONTENTS

Survey of the Field — Good Work in Iowa — An Educational Game

Farm — The Iowa Game Department To the Members of the Senate

— The Game Breeders' Interest — Hen Pheasants Survey of Our Field

— Advice to Members—Advice to Game Breeders — The Ohio Fox

Parcel Post Shipment of Game — No Animal Heads in Mail.

The Black Siberian Hare ------ A. Goldberg

Fish Raising for the Average Farmer - - Providence Journal

How to Organize A Game .Breeding Association D. W. Huntington

A Real Rabbit Drive - - - - - - - J. W. Walden

George A. Lawyer, Administrator - - - David F. Lane

Three Important Wild Duck Foods - - - W. L. McAtee

The Remington Celebration.

Notes from the Game Farms and Preserves - By Our Readers

More About Snakes, J. D. Foote— Food for Wild Ducks— A State's
Attack on Hawks — Ants and Ant Eggs — The Egg Market — Now is the
Time— Bob White Plentiful— Pheasants— The Crow Call.
Editorials — The Important Sago — Iowa.
Correspondence — Outings and Innings, Etc,

To THE GAME BREEDER,

150 Nassau Street, New York.

Please send me THE GAME BREEDER, for one year.

$1.00 enclosed.

Name

Street

City...

State

N. B.— Write Name and Street Address plainly and state if you
wish back numbers of the .magazine to the first of the year.

T he Game Breeder

Published Monthly. Entered as second-class matter. July g, 1915, at the Post Office, New York City,

New York, under the Act of March 3, 1879.

VOLUME IX

JULY, 1916
SURVEY OF THE FIELD.

NUMBER 4

Good Work in Iowa.

One of our Iowa readers says the last
Legislature of Iowa was the first to
make any provision for game breeding
in this State ; the amendment provides :

"Any person desiring to engage in
the business of raising and selling
pheasants, wild duck, quail and other
game birds or any of them in a wholly
enclosed preserve or enclosure of which
he is the owner or lessee, may make ap-
plication in writing to the State Fish and
Game Warden for a license so< to do.
That the State Fish and Game Warden,
when it shall appear that such application
is made in good faith, shall upon the
payment of an annual fee of $2 issue to
such applicant a breeder's license per-
mitting such applicant to breed and raise
the above described game birds or other
game birds, or any of them, on such
preserve or enclosure ; and to sell the
same alive at any time for breeding or
stocking purposes; and to kill and use
the same ; or sell same for food. Such
license must be renewed annually upon
the payment of the fee as hereinbefore
set forth and the possession of such
license shall exempt the license holder
from the penalties of this chapter for
killing, having in possession or selling
the game birds or any of them set forth
in this section ; provided that said birds
have been bred and raised upon the said
preserve or within said enclosure by the
license holder or secured by him by pur-
chase from without the State of Iowa."

An Educational Game Farm.

Mr. E. C. Hinshaw, the State Fish and
Game Warden, says he is endeavoring to
build and maintain a large game farm

and run it in a way to use it as an educa-
tional place for those who are interested
in that line of work. He also writes :
"We are doing considerable in the way
of destroying vermin around the game
reserves where we are stocking the place
with birds and hope to arrange so that
all of these places will be patrolled not
only for the protection of the birds from
hunters but for the destroying of those
things that are enemies of bird life."

The Iowa Game Department.

The Iowa State game department
should soon become of great economic
importance to all the people of the State.
Those who shoot will find the shooting
much improved just as it has been in
Massachusetts and other States where
many people are engaged in breeding
game for profit as well as for sport.
The people of Iowa soon will have an
abundance of game to eat during long
open seasons. The hotels will be pleased
to learn that soon they can serve game
to their guests and the dealers will be
quite willing to sell the desirable food.

It is to be hoped that the Iowa game
farm will plant fields especially for the
prairie grouse and quail and will demon-
strate that it is an easy matter to have
these birds abundant and evenly distrib-
uted in every field on a farm and that
the abundance will not only be found
detrimental to agriculture but highly
beneficial. The cost of rearing quail and
grouse in a wild state is very small
when compared with the hand rearing
of pheasants since the wild bred birds
will find most of their food in the fields
and woods. We predict that Iowa soon
will become a big game producing State

102

THE GAME BREEDER

and that the game when properly handled
will add much to the value of the farms.

To the Members of the Senate:

A communication, addressed to the
United States Senate, from the New
Mexico Game Protective Association,
and signed by Miles W. Burford and
Robert E. Dietz, the president and secre-
tary, contains the following as published
in The Sportsmen's Review :

The Agricultural Appropriation Bill, bear-
ing an appropriation of $50,000 for the enforce-
ment of the Federal Migratory Bird Law, will
soon come before the Senate. Because this
law restricts their shooting privileges and pre-
vents the old and fatal practice of "spring
shooting," the Interstate "Sportsmen's" Asso-
ciation, headed by Missouri, will launch an
attack seeking to kill this law by defeating the
appropriation for its enforcement. Failing
this, they will, according to their announced
intention, seek its repeal.

This law is the most important single item
of progressive game legislation in the United
States, and this attack menaces the interests
of 5,000,000 American sportsmen and of all
generations to come. Our association, repre-
senting 1,000 New Mexico sportsmen, most
earnestly urges you, and all other progressive
Senators, to

1. Be on the "firing line."

2. Stand for the migratory bird law.

3. Expose the Missouri lobby.

4. Defeat the "game hogs" once for all,
and more than that, give the Secretary of
Agriculture $100,000 with which to enforce
this just law.

When we apply the term "game hog" to the
leaders of the Interstate Sportsmen's Asso-
ciation, we speak not lightly nor abusively, but
with earnest regret based on full knowledge
of the facts. A bare outline of their argu-
ments and actions ought to convince any un-
prejudiced students of facts of the cynical self-
ishness which underlies this movement. We
will try to be very brief.

Here follows a lengthy argument that
the law has caused an increase in wild
fowl; that all the District Courts have
not declared it unconstitutional; that
quail cannot stand a long open season,
etc.

Mr. A. D. Holthouse, of St. Louis, in
the same publication, points out that the
New Mexico sportsmen might secure a
State law protecting song birds and
stopping the spring shooting of wild
fowl.

The Game Breeders' Interest.

We have pointed out that game breed-

ers should be excepted from the pro-
visions of the migratory bird law as
they now are from many State protective
laws. Rapidly they are making the
game plentiful and they are sending the
food they produce to the markets. We
can hardly believe it possible that Con-
gress will appropriate $100,000 or- any
other sum to enforce the criminal absurd-
ities promulgated by the Biological Sur-
vey until they have been amended so as
to provide that they shall not apply to a
big food producing industry which many
States are encouraging by game breeders'
enactments. If the law shall be declared
constitutional we sincerely hope it can
be made to except those who produce
game birds. It would seem to be wise to
let the courts pass on it before appro-
priating a large sum to execute the pro-
posed criminal absurdities.

Hen Pheasants.

A writer in The Oregon Sportsman
favors the law prohibiting the shooting
of hen pheasants and says :

We have several times seen a cat attack a
hen pheasant, and yet make no effort to
spring at a big male bird. In other words, out
of twenty hens and twenty males in the wild
state the chances are that not one of the
cocks would be caught or killed by hawks,
owls, cats and some of the other predatory
animals, where ten or twelve of the females
would be killed. After the first few days of
the shooting season the cocks become much
wilder than the females. They are more able
to take care of themselves while the females
lie closer to a dog and are more likely to be
killed. Every sportsman, therefore, or any
other person interested in the real protection
of the Chinese Pheasant and keeping up the
future supply, should refrain from killing hen
pheasants.

In the first place the Chinese Pheasants are
polygamous in nature. They are entirely po-
lygamous when kept in captivity and they are
to a large extent polygamous in the wild state.
If there are as many cocks as hens in the wild
state, the birds will pair off, yet if there arc
more hens than cocks the hens will be cared
for much the same as they are in the tame
state where a cock is kept in a pen with from
four to six females.

The most vital reason why the hen should
not be killed is that she is a smaller bird than
the cock and less able to protect herself in
the wild state. At the State Game Farm, for
instance, where cocks and hens are kept in an
open field, they are sometimes attacked by
hawks and owls. In over thirty birds that
were caught in this field by hawks and owls,

THE GAME BREEDER

103

every single one was a hen. Although the
cock stands out in the open, he is strong and
big and able to protect himself, while the hen
is not.

Since on another page in the same
publication the statement is made, quot-
ing the Silverton Appeal, that "the days
of the hunting dog are numbered," we
think it would be a good plan for the
State Game Department to suggest to
the county rod and gun clubs that they
arrange with the farmers to have some
good shooting on the farms at both hens
and cocks with the aid of good dogs.
Every game protective association should
have a good shooting ground for its mem-
bers and the farmers can furnish the
ground as they now do in other States at
reasonable rates.

Survey of Our Field.

The country is so big that there is
plenty of room even for a few thousand
more game laws, state, provincial, na-
tional, migratory, etc., etc. All we ask is
that they be kept off of the farms used
for game. As an experiment, a few of
them might be applied to poultry. At the
end ,of a year or two, at most, there
would not be a single fowl alive. There
is plenty of room for the quiet refuges
for game where foxes and other vermin
can feast on it. Our field really seems to
be a narrow one. We only concern our-
selves about the interests of those who
wish to have an abundance of game and
game fish for sport or for profit. Being
specialists, however, we are always on
the job. We help to reform the laws;
we help create game farms, shoots and
preserves ; we plan for many small breed-
ers, and we see that every one who
wants game or game fish is sure to have
an abundance, and that those who sell
game get good prices.

Advice to Game Breeders.

Game breeders who advertise in the
magazine should remember that it is per-
sistent advertising which pays. No mat-
ter if one has sold out he should not drop
out of sight on that account. He surely
will find his customers making new ac-
quaintances and purchasing elsewhere.
Without much trouble an advertiser can

procure from another reliable breeder the
eggs or birds which his customer wants
and often he can make at least a small
profit on the transaction since breeders
often are willing to accommodate each
other. We are sure from what they have
told us that those who keep in all the
time have better results than those who
only send an advertisement at certain
seasons. Prospective customers are most
likely to send orders to those whose ad-
vertisements are always before them.

The magazine is doing a big work for
its advertisers, opening whole States to
the game breeding industry and reducing
the restrictions everywhere. Adver-
tisers who appreciate this work adver-
tise by the year.

Advice to Members.

Members of the Game Conservation
Society should and, we believe, to a large
extent, they do patronize those who sup-
port the magazine by advertising in it.
When we go to visit the numerous game
clubs we are always pleased to' find the
shooters using the birds, eggs, foods, guns
and ammunition advertised in The Game
Breeder.

The Ohio Fox.

In comments upon the State game
laws appears the statement that it is
against the law to kill or injure foxes in
Ohio, says J. W. Lippincott. Is there
any wild fox, he asks, that does not
destroy more birds, more four-footed
game animals and more chickens than a
hawk? These things, he says, may be-
come live issues in other States and it
is well to carefully consider them.

Since many game protective associa-
tions have developed a wonderful appe-
tite for game laws among many sports-
men it seems impossible to secure any
simple uniform and stable laws relating
to the taking of game and the control of
vermin. All we ask is to keep the game
laws and the vermin laws off of the game
farms and preserves where game is
plentiful and where restrictive laws if
they should be executed or obeyed surely
would exterminate the game. We have'
arranged in many States to have game
breeders' enactments which in effect ex-
empt the places where game is made plen-

104

THE GAME BREEDER

tiful from the ever-changing game, fox,
hawk, crow and other vermin enactments
which are a never failing delight to those
who prefer the game law industry to
game breeding or field sports.

We regard it as a fine thing to see the
game rapidly restored to the market. It
has added much to the value of many
country places. We would advise M'r.
Lippincott to cease thinking about
whether the things he refers to, "may
become live issues in other States," and
to devote his energies to seeing that the
farms which have game become exempt
from the ever changing "live issues,"
which too often destroy the value of
country places which should receive an
excellent revenue from their game.

No Animal Heads in Mails.

Reno, Nev., March 25. — Coyote and
wild cat heads by parcel post proved too
much for the patience of Fred L. White,
postmaster of Reno, and he took the
question of the right to make such ship-
ments by mail up with the Postmaster
General. He has just received informa-
tioa that such articles are not mailable
and cannot be delivered if mailed. The
heads have been coming in lately in large
numbers from different parts of the
States. They are sent in to the State
University for examination for rabies. —
The World, New York.

Parcel Post Shipments of Game.

The Fish and Game Commission has
been making such a strenuous fight
against the market hunters who* ship
their game to the San Francisco mar-
kets by express, that it has become ex-
ceedingly dangerous for the shippers to
send illegally shipped birds by that
method ; the chances of having them con-
fiscated are too many. Some of the
hunters for a time resorted to the mails,
sending birds by parcel post, knowing
that the deputies of the Commission did
not have the same opportunity to inspect
postal shipments as they did express.

Investigation showed that according to
the California law, all game offered for
shipment must be at all times in open
view. The postal regulations provide
that game must be carefully wrapped in
order to prevent damage to other mail

matter. But the United States regula-
tions also provide that all game offered
for shipment must be strictly in accord
with all of the provisions of the State
laws,

How these conflicting provisions have
been brought into accord is explained by
the following letter received from the
post office department at Washington:

Washington, D. C, Jan. 28, 1916.

Fish and Game Commission,

Mills Building,

San Francisco, California.

Gentlemen: Receipt is acknowledged
of your communication of the 17th in-
stant advising this office that

"Section 627b of the Penal Code

of the State of California provides

that game offered for shipment or

transportation must be at all times

in open view."

In reply I have to say that the Act of
Congress of March 4, 1909, 35 Stat.
1137, embodied in section 477 }4, Postal
Laws and Regulations, a copy of which
is enclosed, prohibits the shipment of
dead bodies, or parts thereof, of any
game animals or birds killed or offered
for shipment in violation of the laws of
the State, territory or district in which
killed or offered for shipment, and since
the laws of the State of California do
not permit the shipment of the dead
bodies of animals or birds when
wrapped, postmasters in that State must,
of course, govern themselves accord-
ingly. The dead bodies of wild animals
or birds may be accepted for transmis-
sion in the mails only when wrapped so
as to prevent injury to other mail, and
it is not practicable to handle shipments
of such matter by parcel post in the
manner required by the California laws.
Respectfully,
(Signed) A. M. DOCKERY,
Third Assistant Postmaster General.
— California Fish and Game.

Old Corn.

Almost as much interest is being man-
ifested in Kansas over some Aztec corn
1,000 years old as would be stirred up
in Kentucky upon the receipt of some
corn juice of similar antiquity. — Arkan-
sas Gazette.

THE GAME BREEDER

105

THE BLACK SIBERIAN HARE.

By A. Goldberg.

I have read with interest the article
written by my old friend and country-
man, Mr. Shacknoe, on the black Siber-
ian hare. v

Mr. Shacknoe claims Siberia as the
habitat of the animal known in America
as the Siberian hare; while in reality it
is a rabbit (probably the Patagonian rab-
bit) which was imported into Siberia
some sixty years ago, and by human
selection, taking advantage of the cold
climate, it was changed and improved
till it reached its present appearance. The
slouchy and ugly ears dropping forward,
over the eyes, would be straightened up
by the coldness of the climate, as the ears
of the lop-eared rabbit become straight-
ened and erect when bred for three gen-
erations in Siberia.

When black or silver gray sports were
produced, they were kept for breeding
purposes, and as like begets like, the
whole flock soon became either black or
silver .gray.

The desire to breed for these colors
was actuated by the higher prices their
owners would get for their pelts. They
also breed from the largest animals as
the flesh of this rabbit is delicious to eat
and the owners wanted more of it.

My theory is that the changes in the
animal were made by human selection
for personal gain, and it was not caused
by the beautiful scientific natural selec-
tion, aided by large birds of prey, as so
profoundly described by Mr. Shacknoe in
his article on the natural history ot the
Siberian hare. The fact of the matter is
that there is no rabbit indigenous to Si-
beria and only three hares, all of which
are gray in summer and white in winter.
My grandfather, who was a careful
and close observer of animals, remem-
bered distinctly when the large Pata-
gonian rabbit was first imported to Si-

beria. He often explained to me the
effect the cold climate had on the droop-
ing ears, and the many other changes
that took place from generation to gen-
eration as years went on, and now, we
find, Mr. Shacknoe writing it up as a
native of Siberia and giving it the char-
acter of a wild hare when it js really a
tame rabbit, a few of which have been
turned out to take care of themselves
and have become semi-wild.

Mr. Shacknoe gives a very interesting
story of the way in which this rabbit
prepares for her young, their customs
and habits in a wild state. Why, this is
not peculiar to the Siberian rabbit. Turn
the Belgian hare or common rabbit out
wild and they would act identically as
Mr. Shacknoe describes this rabbit does. '

In conversation with a gentleman, who
turned out a flock of Belgian hares on
an island in Canada, this gentleman, who
has read Mr. Shacknoe's account of the
Siberian in its natural state, says it is
identical as his rabbits acted, when turned
wild on the island ; therefore, this is noth-
ing new — but it is the nature of any rab-
bit to act so when turned out wild.

Now, in conclusion, may I say that I
have no wish to injure the reputation of
my countryman, or the business of those
who have imported these rabbits to this
country, but I write to correct the errors
in Mr. Shacknoe's article. I have seen
some of these rabbits in this country
that were imported from Siberia and I
consider them fairly good specimens and
equal to those I have seen in my native
country. I believe they are now superior
to all other utility rabbits, as the fur is
valuable as well as the flesh, but it must
be remembered that their excellent qual-
ities were obtained by breeding in Si-
beria's cold climate for in this climate
the fur will deteriorate equally as fast
as it improved in Siberia.

^6'-

106

THE GAME BREEDER

FISH RAISING FOR THE AVERAGE FARMER.

Since the time when primitive man
first discovered the edible quality of fish,
angling has been a favorite diversion. It
has been a pastime in which men of
wealth and those compelled to toil for a
living have found equal pleasure and is
pronounced by enthusiastic disciples of
Isaak Walton to be the king of sports.

So fascinating, indeed, has this pas-
time been that men of wealth the world
over have spent large sums of money in
purchasing and stocking inland lakes and
anglers of more modest means are ap-
parently willing to undergo all sorts of
inconveniences in order to spend a day
with the line and rod.

Both the State and the Federal Gov-
ernments have been expending consider-
able money in stocking inland lakes and
rivers in order that angling may not be-
come a pastime that may be indulged in
by the rich only, and the Department of
Commerce in a recent publication has
added to tjie piscatorial literature a
pamphlet setting forth explicit directions
whereby almost every farmer may propa-
gate fish at little expense.

According to the pamphlet prepared by
Robert S. Johnson and M. F. Stapleton
of the Bureau of Fisheries, the propaga-
tion of fish on farms in artificially con-
structed ponds or in natural ponds of
limited area is perfectly feasible, and
with proper management such ponds will
afford "a convenient and economical food
supply that will justify the expense of
their construction of preparation and
maintenance.

In calling attention to the possibility
for farmers of the country to establish a
readily accessible supply of fresh fish
that may be drawn upon when desired
the bureau emphasizes the fact that the
natural and favorable water areas exist-
ing on countless farms may be utilized
for the purpose. Many of these water
areas are now unsightly wastes, such as
marshes and swamps that detract from
the value of the land and serve no useful
purpose.

The authors assert that the presence
of springs, lakes, flowing wells or ad-

jacent streams are all leading incentives
to a fishery project and suitable sites for
the construction of ponds, especially if at
present unremunerative, should make
their use to such a purpose desirable to
the thrifty husbandman after a full com-
prehension of their possibilities in a fish-
cultural way.

Ponds intended for the cultivation of
fish may be conveniently located for the
watering of stock or the overflow there-
from may be utilized for the irrigation
of land. In many sections of the United
States artificial ponds on farms are art
absolute necessity to serve one or both
of these latter purposes, and by a merely
nominal expenditure such water areas
may be advantageously utilized for the
growing of fish without interfering in
any way with the original uses for which
they were intended.

In a brood pond, says the bulletin, a
constant water level should be main-
tained at all times, especially during the
'breeding season. The required flow,
which will vary with the character of the
soil, must be sufficient to replace loss
by evaporation and seepage. An amount
just short of overflowing the pond is the
ideal to be attained, as it is desirable to
avoid a current.

For a one acre pond, where the sides
and bottom are of clay or rich loam, a
flow of from 30 to 50 gallons a minute
should be sufficient to maintain a proper
water level at all times, while sandy or
gravel soil untreated may require double
that amount.

Springs are the most dependable of all
sources of water supply requiring the
minimum expenditure in preparation, and
being the least subject to outside influ-
ence. The presence of injurious mineral
substances can usually be detected with-
out expert analysis, but even pure water
very frequently carries abnormal pro-
portions of oxygen or nitrogen gases in
quantities inimical to fish life.

This abnormal condition of the water
may be corrected by holding it for a time
in a reservoir before letting it into the
pond in which the fish are placed, and

THE GAME BREEDER

167

where there is insufficient room for the
construction of the reservoir a partial
correction of the abnormal condition may
be brought about by conducting the water
into the fish pond through open ditches
or raceways of wood or concrete.

The chief objection to creek and river
water as a supply for fish culture is the
quantity of mud and debris carried dur-
ing freshets and the excessive cost of
effective measures to prevent its intro-
duction into the ponds. Streams subject
to an extremely high water period are
totally impracticable as a source of sup-
ply for artificial ponds.

The water from these streams may be
utilized, however, by conducting the

water to ponds located some distance
away, providing the intake is adequately
screened, the supply arranged so that it
can be cut off during times of excessive
turbidity and measures taken to prevent
the inundation of the pond site in high
water periods.

The source of water supply may also
be taken from lakes, wells, or from so^
called sky-ponds which are dependent
upon local precipitation for their supply
of water.

The exact mode of construction must
depend largely upon local conditions,
such as the presence or absence of favor-
able land contour and the nature of the
soil. — Providence Journal.

HOW TO ORGANIZE A GAME BREEDING ASSOCIATION.

Part II.

By Dwight W. Huntington.

The shooting rent, provided it be 10
cents per acre, will amount to $64 per
square mile per annum. I know many
places where the rent paid is only 5
cents per acre.

A club of 25 members should have at
least 1,200 or 1,500 acres and the shoot-
ing rent therefore should be not over
$120 or $150 per year. A club with
small dues should not undertake any
hand rearing. It should employ a beat-
keeper for each 1,200 to 1,500 acres and
see that he looks after the game breed-
ing wild in every field. A few pheas-
ants can be purchased in the fall and
liberated for the shooting. Those not
killed will probably nest wild if the ver-
min be kept down and the food and
covers be kept plentiful.

Some of the inexpensive clubs employ
a keeper to trap vermin and look after
the game, -the wages being from $50 to
$7? per month. At some clubs the
keeper is only employed part of the
time, but the shooting, of course, is not
as good as it should be, excepting in a
< favored Ibcalities where much game
occurs in a wild state and where the

vermin easily is controlled. Stock birds
are usually purchased with money paid
as initiation fees, which usually are
equal to or larger than the annual dues.

A club with 30 or 40 members and
with annual dues at from $35 to $50
per year easily can provide some ex-
cellent quail and grouse shooting, and if
a few wild turkeys be liberated in safe
covers, some wild turkey shooting can be
added for good measure. Some clubs
have many members who shoot very lit-
tle or not at all; the last named are
termed "preferred stockholders," since
they contribute to provide shooting for
others. This is much better than con-
tributing money to secure more laws pro-
hibiting shooting. The preferred stock-
holders should have a little game sent
to them from time to time and it will
be found not difficult to procure this
class of members.

The simplest and cheapest club can be
well run with dues as low as $30 per
annum, the members using a local hotel
or farm-house for their quarters. By
far the better plan, however, is to make
the dues $50 and to see that the mem-

108 THE GAME BREEDER

bers get at least $-50 worth of meat, as Much depends upon the place selected

they can if the club be properly man- for the shoot. Some places are suitable

aged. A few pheasants can be pur- to game and easily can be made to yield

chased in the fall to supplement the quail, abundantly. On some places the control

grouse and rabbit shooting and some of f vermin is comparatively an easy mat-

the game can be sold if it is deemed ter . In some places it is almost impos-

advisable to reduce the amount of the sible to keep down the verm i n without

" ues - - employing a number of keepers. Some

The most inexpensive club should fields conta i n both natural foods and

count on a yearly expenditure of at least covers . on vast areas such as the dosd

$100 for the rent of the shooting and cu i t i va ted areas in the prairie States most

I ! J°J a beat - k f e P er : A r sma11 amoun i of the fields are unsafe and uninhabit-

should be expended also for gram and able because therg are nQ f oods Qr coyers

other foods to be planted for the game at certain geasons of ^ In ^

^ i!?k W -?T tT' W1 ,°k where agriculture has waned and there
should be provided. 1 know some clubs ° , , , , . .
which have very fair shooting (with- are many abandoned farms the shoot-
out fear of exterminating the game), ^g rent will be very small, but the cost
whose annual expenses are not larger of kee P m S down the vermin will be
than I have indicated. In some cases lar ^ er thai J rt , 1S m . P la( ; es where the
small voluntary assessments or collec- lands are closel y cultivated, but m many
tions of $5 or $10 are made to buy of the last named P la - Ces Jt wl11 be found
some extra game. No hand-rearing of necessary to provide small covers -and
pheasants or wild ducks should be under- special plantings of food- for the game,
taken by clubs with small dues' unless Those in charge of the club should know
the membership be larger and consider- what must be done and should see that
able game is reared to be sold when shot, the game keeper does it.

A REAL RABBIT DRIVE.

By Warden J. W. Walden, La Grande, Oregon.

Thinking that a description of our big lay low about 2,000 rabbits. Men on

rabbit drive that took place on Sunday, horseback and with wagons followed to

December 12, might be of some interest pick up the choicest victims. About

to the readers of The Sportsmen, will 1 ,000 rabbits were brought back to North

try and give a few details of same. Powder.

The Wing, Fin and Fleetwood Gun At noon coffee, sandwiches, pies and

Club of La Grande was invited by the other good things were served by the-

North Powder Rod and Gun Club of North Powder Club. After the hunting

North Powder, Oregon, to take part in was over, the hunters were entertained

a big rabbit drive, which was pulled off at a fine banquet by the local club. This

on the Telocaset plains. was an affair that will be long remem-

About forty of the Wing, Fin and bered by all those who were fortunate

Fleetwood Club were met at the train enough to be present at this banquet.
by the North Powder Gun Club, and There were 800 rabbits sacked up by

were immediately taken by teams to the the Wing, Fin and Fleetwood Club and

Telocaset plains, where the hunters were shipped to La Grande and turned oyer

placed in skirmish line, and the hunt to the Salvation Army, where distribution

began. In all there were about 100 in took place. The finishing touch will be

line and the constant rattle of shotguns on Wednesday night, December 22, when

was not only deafening, but such as to the big annual "Hassenpfeffer" will be ,

THE GAME BREEDER

109

pulled off, with the Wing, Fin and Fleet-
wood Club as hosts.

I wish to say a few words in praise
of the Wing, Fin and Fleetwood Club
of La Grande. This club has about 200
members, and every one of them is a
live wire, standing strictly for the en-
forcement of the game laws. They al-
ways have their ear to the ground listen-
ing for the footsteps of some game vio-
lator. This club should be proud of the
gentlemen they have selected as their
officers, such as L. M. Hoyt, president;
Pat Foley, vice-president ; A. A. Wentzel,

secretary; C. R. Harding, treasurer.
These gentlemen never shirk their duty,
never say no to anything that is for the
benefit of the conditions of the game and
fish laws. They are always ready night
and day to assist me as Deputy Game
Warden of Union County in prosecuting
any violator, whoever he may be.

[There is a big demand for rabbits to re-
stock the game farms and preserves in the
Eastern States. We would suggest that the
members of the Oregon Clubs write to the
advertisers in The Game Breeder and offer
them some rabbits in exchange for wild ducks
and pheasants. — Editor.]

GEORGE A. LAWYER, ADMINISTRATOR OF FEDERAL

GAME LAWS.

By David F. Lane.

George A. Lawyer, a young attorney,
a native and resident of Watertown,
N. Y., was recently appointed to a po-

George A. Lawyer.

sition under the Department of Agri-
culture, giving him charge of the ad-
ministration of game laws throughout

the United States, Alaska and the
Hawaiian Islands, and he has already
begun his duties in Washington. The
position carries a salary of three thou-
sand two hundred and fifty dollars and
expenses, and while Mr. Lawyer will
have to do with game preservation gen-
erally, he will particularly look after the
enforcement of the Federal Migratory
Bird Law. So far as game is concerned,
he will have charge of all of the na-
tional parks and preserves in the country,
and there are sixty or more game pre-
serves in the United States in which ?
kinds of animals, birds and fish are kept.
During recent years there has been a
great awakening among the sportsmen
of the United States and movements have
been started to stimulate game propaga-
tion. At the same time the trend of
action has been to secure the proper pro-
tection. When the Federal Agricultural
Department was granted the necessary
appropriations by Congress in 1913, to
enforce the Federal Migratory Bird Reg-
ulations, which became effective in 1914,
every State was back of the project, but
since then there has been some dissatis-
faction. However, sportsmen through-
out the length and breadth of the land
should now take courage, for the out-
look for better game conditions under
the Federal Migratory Bird Regulations

THE GAME BREEDER

promises better conditions than ever ex-
isted without it.

Mr. Lawyer has always been a sports-
man. He was born in Watertown Sep-
tember 15, 1876, and it is related of him
that when a small boy in knee trousers
he frequently played hookey at school
and betook himself to some quiet trout
stream, with the appearance of the first
Warm days of spring. When he got older
he developed a desire for partridge hunt-
ing. Since then he has never lost 'an
opportunity to test his wits with the birds,
the beasts and the fish.

In 1894 Mr. Lawyer was graduated
from the Watertown High School. On
September 30, 1897, he was admitted to
the bar and opened an office of his own,
continuing the practice of law up to the
present time.

Realizing the necessity for some or-
ganization for better protection of game
propagation in Jefferson County, New
York, in the fall of 1908, thirteen sports-
men assembled in the office of Mr. Law-
yer and organized the Jefferson County
Sportmen's Association, choosing him as
its first president. This position he held
for four years, and during the first two
the membership grew from thirteen to
eight hundred.

Four years ago, about the time that
he relinquished the presidency of this
association, he was chosen president of
the New York State Fish, Game and
Forest League, a state organization for
the furthering of better game laws and
game conditions. This position he also
held for four years, refusing to accept
it again at the annual election held a
few months ago.

As the head of the New York State
Fish, Game and Forest League during
the same year, Mr. Lawyer started a
campaign for more game farms — there
being but one in the state at that time —
located at Sherburne. Governor Glynn
granted him a conference, and at the
head of a delegation of sportsmen, about
two hundred and fifty strong, he went
before the governor at the time appointed
armed with a brief prepared in detail
showing the amount paid to the State
each year by hunters for licenses, and
the small return that the State gave them

for this revenue. He showed the corr •
mercial and economic value of these
farms to the hotels and railroads and
made it plain that the sportsmen were
going to begin a vigorous campaign to
have the hunting license law repealed if
something were not done.

Four new game farms were asked.
The governor promised that he would
favor a bill that provided for two, on
the understanding that no location in
particular be specified. He agreed not
to sign any bill of a local nature should
one pass the legislature and be presented
to him. The bill was prepared and $15,-
000 each for two game farms appro-
priated. One of these was established at
Dexter, Jefferson County, and last year
four thousand pheasants and twenty-five
thousand pheasant eggs were distributed
for propagation, while at Sherburne the
number was five thousand birds and
twenty-five thousand eggs. The second
farm provided for in the bill has been
established on Long Island, and this year
it is expected that fifteen thousand birds
and seventy-five thousand eggs (from all
the farms) for stocking covers will be
distributed.

It was Mr. Lawyer that brought pheas-
ants into northern New York, when he
formed his county sportsmen's associa-
tion, for until then these game birds
were not known in that section of the
State. Now there are fully ten thou-
sand birds in the covers. At the begin-
ning Mr. Lawyer raised many of these
birds himself, and even now has a small
number of fancy breeds.

No man better qualified for the posi-
tion to which he has just been appointed
could have been chosen.

Concerning the Federal Migratory
Bird Law, of which he will have the
administration, Mr. Lawyer has ideas
which are sensible' and which will be so
regarded by every sportsman in the
country. He proposes to see that the
law is enforced and the government pro-
tected, but in the minds of those who
know him there is no question but that
the sportsmen as well as the government
will be satisfied with him and his acts.

Co-operation is the thing he proposes
to strive for in carrying out his work.

THE GAME BREEDER

111

and to get this, he will seek the con-
fidence of the sportsmen of every state
in the Union. That he is deserving of
their confidence, the sportsmen will soon
learn.

In discussing game matters, Mr. Law-
yer made it definite to the writer that
he proposes to work with the States in
protecting game, raher than against
them. So far as climatic conditions will
permit, there will be uniformity of reg-
ulations. At present under the Federal
Migratory Bird Law, the United States
is divided into two zones — the breeding
zone, which embraces the twenty-five
states between the two oceans and north
of the fortieth parallel of latitude and
the Ohio River, and the wintering zone,

which includes the twenty-three States
below this line.

Besides having charge of the adminis-
tration of all of the game laws of the
United States, Mr. Lawyer will look after
the preparation of rules that fix the open
and closed seasons. That he is fitted
for the position is evidenced by the fact
that it came to him unsought. He was
highly recommended by Secretary of Ag-
riculture David F. Houston, who con-
sulted with several influential men before
offering the appointment, and it is not
unlikely that a good word was spoken
for him by Secretary of State Robert
Lansing, for Mr. Lawyer is a staunch
Democrat and hails from Mr. Lansing's
home city — and besides, Mr. Lansing is a
sportsman.

THREE IMPORTANT WILD DUCK FOODS.

By W. L. McAtee.

[The following is from an important bulletin issued by the Biological Survey, United
States Department of Agriculture.J

The vegetable food of wild ducks in-
cludes a large variety of plants, of which
three have been found of especial im-
portance. These three are wild rice, wild
celery and pondweeds.

Wild celery beds and wild rice
marshes have long been recognized as
important features of ducking grounds.
Less widely known, but not less impor-
tant, are the submerged plants known as
pondweeds. In the case of sixteen of
the most important species of game
ducks whose stomachs have been exam-
ined, wild celery, wild rice and pond-
weeds collectively compose 25.31 per
cent, of the total food. The percentages
of these foods consumed by the various
species are given in the accompanying
table. Too much reliance, however,
should not be placed on these percent-
ages, since the number of stomachs of
some species is none too great, and ex-
amination of a larger number may neces-
sitate material changes in the figures.

To many it may appear that the average
percentages of wild rice and wild celery

eaten by ducks are low, but it must be
remembered that these foods are by no
means universally distributed, nor are
they accessible at all times of the year.
Although on first thought a percentage
of less than 5 for wild rice may seem
small, it really means that these 16
species of ducks get a twentieth of their
annual subsistence from this grain ; in
other words, the quantity they eat would
support them for two and a half weeks
if wild rice were fed upon exclusively.
Similarly, wild celery, which forms 6.65
per cent, of their food, would suffice
for three and a half weeks, and pond-
weeds which form 13.88 per cent., for
more than seven weeks.

The fact that wild celery and wild
rice, although naturally of local and re-
stricted distribution, may be grown in
suitable places over the whole United
States should be more widely known.
There is no doubt that by transplanting
and sowing the seeds of these and other
plants used by ducks for food many de-
pleted ducking grounds can be restored

112

THE GAME BREEDER

and new grounds can be created. This
means much in the effort to preserve our
valuable wild ducks. In the present cir-
cular it is proposed to give a brief state-
ment of the value of the three plants
as duck food, to show by means of de-
scription and illustration how each may
be recognized, and to explain where and
how each may be propagated.

Pondweeds.

Referring to the tabulation of duck
food (above), it will be seen that pond-
weeds (Potamogeton) compose a greater
percentage of the food of the 16 species
there mentioned than wild rice and wild

Thus it constitutes a slightly greater pro-
portion of the subsistence of the bird
than wild celery. The importance of this
plant was pointed out several years ago
by Mr. H. L. Skavlem, of Janesville,
Wis., who found that at Lake Kosh-
konong its tubers formed from 60 to 80
per cent, of the canvasback's food.

Besides the tubers on the roots, some
pondweeds have winter buds among the
leaves, and these, as well as the seeds,
rootstocks, and indeed the whole plant,
are eaten by ducks. As many as 350
- tubers and no fewer than 560 seeds
have been found in single stomachs.
Pondweeds are really staple food for

Percentages of the food of sixteen species of wild ducks provided by wild rice, zvild celery, and

pondweeds.

Common na)ne.

Mallard

Black duck

Gadwall

Baldpate..

Green-winged teal

Blue-winged teal

Shoveler

PiDtail

Wood duck

Redhead

Canvas back

Scaup, or bluebill

Lesser scaup, or bluebill..

Goldeneve

Bufflehe'ad....

Ruddy duck

Average.

Scientific name.

A nas platyrfiynehos

Anas rubripes

Chaulclasmus streperus .

Mareca americana

Nation carolinense

Querquedula discors

Spatula clypeata

Dafila acuta

Aixsponsa

Mania americana

Marila I'allisneria

Marilamarila

Marila affinis

Clangulac. americana ...

Charitonetta albeola

Erismatura jamaicensis .

Number
of stom-
achs ex-
amined.

209
51
37
30

120
86
49
67
75
60
60
67

126
23
36
41

Per cent of total contents composed of-

Wild
rice.

17. 13
12.05

7.16
4.56
3.46

4.95
11.62
4.41
.33
1.26
7.49

2.22

Wild
celery.

2.48
2.37

10.00
.69
.20

1.80

3.17

11.71

23.71

14.46

17.53

2.95

5. 66

9.54

4.78

6.65

Pond-
weeds.

12. 07
S.35

17.64

13. 71
10.32

9.83

7.83

13. 39

0.72

24.38

42.35

23.20

8.18

6. 50

4.40

12.50

13.88

Total of
the three.

32.28
22.77
17.04
30.87
15.57
13.49

7.83
20.14
21.51
40.50
60. 39
38.92
33.20

9.51
12. ,34
22.10

25. 31

celery together. This is owing to the
wider distribution of pondweeds, allow-
ing ducks to feed on them in winter as
well as during migration and in the breed-
ing season. There are no fewer than 38
species of pondweeds in the United
States, of which at least 9 (figs. 9-17)
are of practically universal distribution.
One of the latter number, the fennel-
leaved or sago pondweed (P. pectinatus,
fig. 17), produces numerous tubers (fig.
18) upon the rootstocks, which are
eagerly sought by certain ducks.

This one species makes up five-eighths
of the whole amount of pondweeds eaten
by the canvasback and more than a
fourth of the entire food of the bird.

ducks, and nothing is more common in
the stomachs than the seeds of these
plants.

As mentioned above, there are many
species of pondweeds, and they present
quite a diversity of forms. Illustrations
(figs. 9-17) of the 9 species of general
distribution serve to show the general
appearance of some of these plants. All
Potamogetons are eaten by clucks, and
any one of them would be a valuable
acquisition for a ducking ground.

The pondweed illustrated by figure 14-
(Potamogeton perfoliatus) is known as
redhead or duck grass, and is an impor-
tant duck food, said to be especially at-
tractive to redheads. We have found

THE GAME BREEDER

113

more of it in the stomachs of canvas- rather long threadlike leaves, which pre-
backs than of any other species. All sent a loose broomlike appearance in the
told, 10 species of Potamogeton have been water. The plant is in some places
identified from duck stomachs, including known as foxtail grass. It is known

also as eelgrass, and apparently is the
plant termed in Europe poker or poch-

Fig. 9.— Potamogeton natans L.

"■ ; ■: ^ ■;

■ \}v slim/

"^s^-J

Fig. 10 — Potamogeton lucens L.

all but one of the 9 most widely rang-
ing forms. (Figs. 9-17).

Description of Pondweeds.

The most important species, so far as
known, is the sago pondweed (V.'pecti-
natus). This plant has numerous

y V?' »

Fig 11 — Potamogeton heterophyllus Schreb.

<Sfi

III I , *

' \JW

\W if/ ■

I 3

Fig 12— Potamogeton lonchites Tuckerm.

ard grass, after a duck closely related
to our redhead. In the autumn, sago
pondweed bears small clusters of light
brown seeds or nutlets near the surface
of the water, in form somewhat like loose
bunches of grapes. The other pond-

lit

THE GAME BREEDER

■'vv\\\\\\v ' #7''^

Fig. 13. — Potamogeton praelongus Wulf

weeds bear seeds" in the same way, and
vast numbers of them are eaten ^by
ducks.

The general appearance of sago pond-
weed is well shown by figure 17; note
the brush of fine threadlike leaves and
the seed clusters as above described.
Here also are shown the tender root-
stocks with their tubers, delicacies much
scught by many ducks. Figure 18 illus-
trates the tubers enlarged.

Distribution.

The range of the sago pondweed is

l m- III

■^ m m\ Mi

from coast to coast, and as far south
as Florida,* Texas, the Mexican Pla-
teau, and Lower California, and north to
Nova Scotia, Hudson Bay and along the
Pacific coast up to latitude 62° north

Transplanting Pond weeds.

Much less is known about the trans-
planting of pondweeds than of wild rice
and wild celery, but it is just as feas-
ible, f The Fish Commission stations use
pondweeds to some extent in their fish
ponds, and no difficulty seems to be en-
countered in transplanting them. Mr.
Dwight Lydell, of the Michigan State fish
hatchery, states that he has succeeded in

®4 . !M /A \/ J

\ts ■x\fH&'.\ | I I'M

Fig 1 5 —Potamogeton foliosus Raf

propagating Potamogetons by means of
seeds and of whole plants. He further
states that the most successful and
largest growths have been on bottoms
where the mud is about 6 inches deep
over sand or clay. By mowing the plants

Fig-. 14 — Potamogeton perfoliatus L

* The manuals of botany give the ran~e of
this plant as south to Florida. We have been
able to find definite records only as far as
North Carolina. In our map (fig. 19) the
northern limit of the plant is extended to Great
Slave Lake, on the basis of the probable dis-
tribution of an acquatic plant recorded from
the Lewes River at 62° north latitude, and
rear the mouth of the Severn River, Hudson
Bay.

f Since the above was written Mr. J. B.
White, of Waterlily, N. C, has sold and trans-
planted thousands of dollars' worth of sago —
Editor.

THE GAME BREEDER

115

.frig. 16. — Pctamo^et n pusi.lus L.

in lakes where they are plentiful and
scattering them about the ponds, no
trouble has been experienced in getting
a good crop Potamogetons. The writer
is indebted to Mr. J. B. White, of
Waterlily, N. C, for the information that
he has often transplanted the sago pond-
weed about Waterlily. Great success was
had with some planted on St. Vincent
Island, Fla. It has been propagated also

at Janesville, Wis. Redhead grass (P.
perfoliatus) also has been successfully
propagated at St. Vincent Island, Fla.

Those desiring to transplant pond-
weeds must usually go out themselves
to gather them, for the usefulness of
the plants has not been sufficiently well
known to create a trade in them.* The
seeds of the various species ripen at dif-
ferent times, but in the north may be
looked for after August. Those of sago
pondweed are in best condition in Sep-
tember and October. After gathering
they should be planted at once, or, if
held, kept wet and in cold storage.

How to Plant. — Pondweeds may be
transplanted on a large scale, as noted
above, by mowingf the whole plants with
the seeds attached and scattering about

Fig. '7- — Sago pondweed. (Reduced. From Sunset
Magazine. February, 1905.)

Fig id —Ti.be.-> of S-^o pt.iidweed..

where growth is desired. The seeds alone
may be collected and sown broadcast, or
they may be embedded in clay balls and
distributed over the bottom.

Where to Plant. — Most pondweeds re-
quire fresh water, but a few species, in-
cluding the sago pondweed, will grow in
brackish or salt water. Mud bottom is
preferable, but both sago pondweed and
redhead grass will grow on sand. The
water in which pondweeds are planted
should be from 2 to 6 feet deep.

When to Plant. — The seed may be
planted in fall immediately after gather-
ing, or if cold storage is available the
seed may be held until spring, as de-
scribed in the case of wild rice.
(To be Continued.)

*J. B. White, Waterlily, N. C, now deals
largely in this plant and can supply it in large
quantities. — Editor.

fA description of the machine for mowing
aquatic plants may he found in the Report of
the U. S. Fish Com., 1892, pp. 477-478.

116

THE GAME BREEDER

THE REMINGTON CELEBRATION.

Millions of adult sportsmen the world over
— and boys, perhaps, in particular, who are
sons of farmers and of blacksmiths — are look-
ing toward the Mohawk Valley this year with
a special interest. At Ilion, N. Y., in that
historic country of the Leather Stocking Tales,
one hundred years ago, a boy of seventeen was
working with his father in a little blacksmith
shop on the family estate. In the boy's mind
had long been growing a yearning for a rifle —
the hills about his father's farm were alive
with game. On this memorable morning in
1816 the youth plucked up courage to ask his
father for money to buy the coveted arm.

All hail the courage of American boyhood
— and the traditional conservatism of Ameri-
can fathers !

For the boy's request was refused and right
there was laid the foundation of Remington
arms !

The boy was Eliphalet Remington, Jr.

In August this year the people of Ilion vil-
lage — now a community made up largely of
skilled gunsmiths who treasure and are jealous
of the Remington story, past and present— will
celebrate the making of the first Remington
rifle which the boy Remington started im-
mediately upon his father's refusal.

TOLD FROM FATHER TO SON.

It is familiar history in the valley — told and
retold from father to son by many a fireside —
how young Remington picked up scrap iron
here and there, how by infinite labor he ham-
mered it into a billet on the smithy anvil, how
he carried the bar fifteen miles to Utica to
have it bored and rifled, and how he finally
assembled the complete rifle. It was a well
made rifle and there was a demand for more-
first among neighbors, then the people of the
adjoining counties looked to Ilion for their
hunting weapons. Day by day the Remington
fame spread until the state and the nation,
and finally the whole wide world found the
path to the always growing factories for
which this farmer-smithy boy genius laid the

foundation. Today more than 25,000 workers
are making firearms and ammunition which
go forth under the Remington name.

So the citizens of Ilion — and Ilion has
grown in these hundred years from a cross
roads to a thriving town of 10,000 people —
have long planned this celebration. There will
be a great pilgrimage to the scenes of the
early Remington activities. The forge has
long since gone — crumbled and rotted and
washed away by the years — but on the site,
well marked by generations of dwellers in the
valley, a commemorative tablet will be placed.
And in the village, in the shadow of one of
the gigantic Remington arms factories, there
will be parades and pageants, speeches and
spectacles, games and various other forms of
entertainment, all to bring back to the present
generation a glimpse of the progress of one
hundred years and to emphasize the old adage,
"Despise not the day of small things.".

THREE DAYS' CELEBRATION.

Three days, August 29, 30 and 31, are an-
nounced as the celebration days by the Ilion
Centennial Committee. These will be desig-
nated, respectively, as Ilion Day, New York
State Day and Industrial Day. Appropriate
programs have been tentatively arranged and
details are being carefully and elaborately
worked out — Ilion has an enviable reputation
for doing things on a big scale. So far, it is
known that Governor Whitman of New York
State will be among the speakers. Other rep-
resentative men will also talk to the great
crowds that Ilion will entertain. Major Gen-
eral Hugh L. Scott, Chi&f of Staff, United
States Army, will be in attendance on one day
at least.

Just now— two months distant from the
celebration time — the event is forecasted in
many ways. For instance, in a McDougal
Alley studio, ' New York, just on the edge of
Washington Square, Albin Polasek, the Bo-
hemian sculptor, is creating, in clay, his con-
cep'ion of the making of the first Remington —

THE GAME BREEDER

117

a striking conception that is splendid in spirit
and in execution. From Mr. Polasek's model,
bronze statues will be made and presented by
the citizens of Ilion "To the Organized Militia
of the United States, for Perpetual Competi-
tion." These statues will be sent to the na-
tional capitols of each State and will be com-
peted for each year by the National Guard
companies and awarded "for proficiency in
marksmanship." The model may also be re-
produced in other ways. It is safe to say that
no more fitting and graceful tribute has ever
been paid the shooting sport in this country
than the giving of these statues.

AN UNPARALLELED ACHIEVEMENT.

Probably nowhere in the world — certainly

not in this young country of ours — has there
been a parallel to this solid century of achieve-
ment and advancement along one line of in-
dustry, going back for its origin to so humble
and yet so romantic a beginning. From the
little forge shop to the largest manufacturers
of firearms and ammunition in the world in
the span of a human life,, is a development
that seems more like a dream than the mag-
nificent record which history shows it to be.

The rallying of the throngs and the home-
comings to the prosperous little Mohawk Val-
ley town in August will represent only a small
cross section of- the Centennial's full meaning.
All the world will pay homage to Ilion this
year and to the birth and growth of the fire-
arms industry in America.

NOTES FROM THE GAME FARMS AND PRESERVES.

at. Two hours after the English spar-
row was gone. I called my cocker span-
iel to find it. He located it in a hole of
the wall and took it from the mouth of
a large garter snake "which had already-
got the head and shoulders down. I
am satisfied this snake would kill and eat
any young bird like a quail, for exam-
ple.

A club of which I am president, lo-
cated in North Carolina, gives the game
warden a 25 cent bounty for every egg-
devouring snake he kills, also for every
hawk known as an enemy to birds. In
bounties he has collected from year to
year about $60 per annum. We formerly
included owls but we omitted them as
they are great destroyers of field mice,
the farmers asking for the owls' protec-
tion even if they did get some quail.

The tail of every snake killed is tacked
on the side of a barn for my annual in-
spection and count. I find there from
100 to 150 each year, the list being
mostly black and whip snakes and a few
land moccasins. Our game warden is
a strictly honest man. He has seen large
black snakes rob hen's roosts and tells
me that in Florida the "racer," or large
black snake, after swallowing whole, sev-
eral eggs, finds a narrow space to crawl
through and in so doing constricts and
breaks up the eggs in his stomach. I
am sure any snake from 2^2 feet up-
wards will eat any egg in size up to and
including a grouse egg.

J. D. Foot.

Young Mallards.

More About Snakes.

Referring to "snakes" — years ago a
black snake was opened on the B. G.
Park Association grounds and six part-
ridge (grouse) eggs were taken from
his stomach. I have an original set of
Audubon's works. One plate shows a
combat between a black snake and the
parent brown thrasher, one of which he
has killed. He was trying to take the
eggs from their nest and Audubon wit-
witnessed the scene.

Last spring I shot a sparrow that was
annoying my martins and laid it on the
wall below their house for them to look

118 THE GAME BREEDER

Food for Wild Ducks. am always indignant when I hear of more

Mr. Jasper B. White soon will make or less slaughter of this kind. What will

an extended trip to visit old customers our fields and woods look like if grace-

who have planted his sago pond weed and fully soaring hawks are forever elimi-

other foods and to see many new ones nated from the view and if the land and

who wish his advice about planting, its crops are throughout the day given

Readers who wish to procure sago, celery over to rodent pests ?
or other duck foods are advised to write I" comments upon the same State's

to Mr. J. B. White, Waterlilly, N. C. game laws appears the statement that it

He has many testimonials from people is against the law to kill or injure foxes

who have planted his foods. Mr. White in Ohio. Verily, here is a puzzle. Is

expects to visit The Game Breeder befon there any wild fox that does not destroy

long when local customers will have an more birds; more four footed game ani-

opportunity of conferring with him. Let- uials and more chickens than a hawk ?

ters addressed to Mr. White, care of Does the rather small value of his pelt

The Game Breeder, will be forwarded repay the depredation of years?
promptly while he is on his Northern These things may become live issues

trip. in other States and it is well to carefully

. _, , 7~* 7" __ , consider them from all sides before it is.

A State s Attack on Hawks. too i ate .— Guide to Nature.
Joseph W. Lippincott. .

The Hawk Bounty Law in Ohio' has Ants and Ant Eggs.

according to Assistant Inspector Major ne of our readers writes to say that

Charles Becht s estimate led to the kill- he can ther lent of ant but he

mg of 10,000 birds in that State since also thers the ants with the and

last June. The killing is still going on, he wishes to know how tQ separate them ^

the bounty paid being one dollar per We referred the quest ion to one of the

hawk— a high reward to put upon the best ke in the count and he

heads of birds which other States find Hed that he purchased his alrt eggs

the average gunner only too prone to from The s tts p atent Ltd Newark

shoot without such incentive and even New j and was unable tQ solye the

the sanction of the law. problem. We would like to hear from

Many of us know the great good cer- the s ^ iW th can soWe the

tain hawks do in killing off numbers of riddle and Jt be th would bke to

destructive little rodents whose ranks if have some of the abundant eggs after the

unrestrained can increase five to six fold ants are eliminated.

in a year or even less time. 1 hat thou-

sands of valuable hawks must perish an

be thus lost to communities as mousers The Egg Market.
and insect destroyers in order that a few Breeders are sending reports of the
rascals in their ranks may pay the just number of eggs sold and the prices real-
penalty of misdeeds seems to me a great ized this season. Those who advertised
pity. early and persistently say they are well
We may all unite in condemning four pleased with the results. One (who says
kinds of hawks, for they are proved to this letter is not for publication since
be enemies of other birds and therefore we remember the old adage, "Fools'
also of men — they are the sharpshin, the names like fools' faces are always seen
goshawk, the cooper and the peregrin in public places") writes that he sold
falcon, commonly called the duck hawk all of his pheasant eggs, between one
because of its predisposition to kill wild and two thousand, at $25 per hundred,
ducks. To such a black list one might Pheasants were sold at $5 each as the
also add that big night marauder, the breeding season approached and he could
great horned owl. It is an easy matter not fill his orders. Quail sold for $36
to find in any library pictures of these per dozen and later he says he was of-
destroyers in order to distinguish them, fered $60 per dozen for these birds and
As a farmer as well as a bird lover I could not supply them.

THE GAME BREEDER

119

Now is the Time.

We would strongly urge those who
expect to purchase game birds or eggs
for next season to write to our adver-
tisers now and get prices for birds to be
delivered in the fall and for eggs to be
delivered early in the spring.

Many States have enacted game breed-
ers' laws. Many clubs and individuals
will buy game and eggs. The prices
surely will advance rapidly as the breed-
ing season approaches and we are con-
fident the demand will exceed the supply
and that those who do< not arrange to get
game and eggs early will be disappointed
to learn that the dealers cannot fill their
orders.

Clubs should buy enough birds to be
able to sell some eggs to help pay their
expenses.

Remember that the New York market
is now open to game produced by indus-
try in other States and that there will be
a big demand for the desirable food.

farm. There were twelve of them when
they were liberated by the Brownsville
Rod and Gun Club. — Oregon Sportsman.

Pheasants.

Own Dogs Broke His Leg.

Russell, Kan. — F. J. Wilson got a
leg broken in a peculiar manner the
other Sunday. He was out in the fields
looking at his crops when his greyhounds
started after a jack rabbit. As the dogs,
following the rabbit in close pursuit,
came by Mr. Wilson they ran against
him, breaking his leg just below the
knee. — The World.

Bob White Quail Plentiful.

By Warren S. B. Tycer,
Brownsville, Oregon.

A few lines from Linn County, the
original home of the famous Chinese
pheasant, might prove of interest to read-
ers of The Oregon Sportsman. At the
close of the shooting season last fall there
appeared to be left more pheasants in the
fields than has ever been known before.

Bobwhite quail are becoming very plen-
tiful in Linn County, especially in the
eastern portions. The California quail,
liberated in the neighborhood of Browns-
ville last year, are doing well. It is re-
ported that about fifty of these birds
were seen recently on the Montgomery

Mr. S. V. Reeves has sent us a little
book, "Rearing Pheasants in Small En-
closures," a guide to those rearing and
keeping pheasants.

Mr. Reeves says there is nothing stated
in the booklet that has not been long and
successfully tried by the author. The
book is illustrated with drawings of pens,
coops and runs and contains simple di-
rections for handling the birds and eggs
and the bantams which the author pre-
fers for foster mothers. There are direc-
tions for feeding the old and young
pheasants. The book is published by the
author, S. V. Reeves, Haddonfield, New
Jersey. Price 20 cents.

The Crow Call.

Many people believe that the crow is
one of the worst enemies of game as
well as poultry. We have had consider-
able experience with crows and know
that they are fond of game eggs and
young game birds. We are glad to in-
vite our readers' attention to a small
advertisement of a crow call which is
highly recommended and is said to be
very fatal to crows. It is inexpensive
and we advise those who have game to
try the crow call and to shoot some of
the black enemies.

Backbone.

The teacher of a small class of chil-
dren recently gave a physiology lesson
on the bones of the body. The time to
ask questions had come.

"Who will tell me what the backbone
is?"

The question was a poser, and no one
ventured to reply. Finally the teacher
detected a gleam of hope in Sammy's
face and smiled encouragingly at him.

"Well, Sammy?"

"The backbone is a long straight bone.
Your head sits on one end and you sit
on the other," answered Sammy.

120

THE GAME BREEDER

T^ e Game Breeder

Published Monthly

Edited by DWIGHT W. HUNTINGTON

NEW YORK, JULY, 1916.

TERMS:

10 Cents a Copy — $1.00 a year in Advance.

Postage free to all subscribers in the United States.
To All Foreign Countries and Canada, f 1.25.

The Game Conservation Society, Inc.
publishers, 150 nassau st., new york

D. W. Huntington, President,

F. R. Peixotto, Treasurer,.

J. C. Huntington, Secretary.
Telephone, Beekman 3685.

THE IMPORTANT SAGO.

When the editor of The Game Breeder
was engaged in writing the book about
wild duck breeding, "Our Wild Fowl
and Waders," he asked a distinguished
ornithologist to write a chapter about the
natural foods of wild ducks. The re-
quest was declined for the reason given
that the naturalist did not feel qualified
to handle the subject. He added that
he had doubts if anyone in America was
equipped to fill the order for a compre-
hensive chapter on wild duck foods.

Mr. Jasper B. White, of Waterlilly,
North Carolina, and Mr. Clyde B. Ter-
rell, of Oshkosh, Wisconsin, had begun
to sell wild celery and wild rice, and the
late Dr. R. V. Pierce, the owner of the
big preserve, St. Vincents Island, Flor-
ida, had introduced the fox-tail grass or
sago pond weed with great success and
wrote a letter to the editor about this
food which was quoted at length in the
book.

The year after the publication of the
book, Mr. W. L, McAtee, of the Biolog-
ical Survey, U. S. Department of Agri-
culture, wrote the excellent bulletin on
"Three Important Wild Duck Foods," a
part of which relating to the sago and
other pond weeds is printed on-another
page. It appears that sago and the
others compose a greater percentage of
the food of sixteen of the most important
species of ducks than wild rice and wild
celery together.

Mr. McAtee says he is indebted to Mr.
J. B. White, of Waterlilly, N. C, for the
information that he has often trans-
planted the sago pond weed about Water-
lilly. Dr. Pierce informed the editor that
he procured his sago from Mr. White.
In his letter, quoted in the book, he said :
"My lakes and ponds are now quite well
seeded with this plant. I regard the
foxtail grass (sago) as one of the most
valuable duck foods because it seeds pro-
lificacy and, also, produces bulbs which
are much sought after by many species
of ducks ; in fact, by all species and also
by wild geese. Foxtail grass spreads very
rapidly. When once produced in a duck
preserve, one need have no fear of its
ever running out or failing to grow
abundantly."

When Mr. McAtee wrote his import-
ant bulletin he observed that "those de-
siring to transplant pond weeds must
usually go out themselves to gather them,
for the usefulness of the plants has not
been sufficiently well known to create a
trade in them. All this has been changed
rapidly since Dr. Pierce praised sago in
the book, "Our Wild Fowl and Waders,"
and Mr. McAtee pointed out its import-
ance in the bulletin. Thousands of dol-
lars worth of sago have been sold to the
owners of duck preserves within the past
few months and the demand for this im-
portant food steadily is increasing. Mr.
Jasper B. White, who began with a few
lines of advertising in The Game Breeder
increased the space to a quarter page and
in this issue has a full page devoted to
the offering of sago and other important
wild duck foods.

Mr. McAtee performed a great public
service when he wrote the bulletin about
the sago pond weeds, the wild celery and
the other plants which are eaten by wild
fowl.

IOWA.

Mr. E. C. Hinshaw, the State Fish and
Game Warden of Iowa, is entitled to
great credit for the advanced position the
State has taken in the matter of conserv-
ing its game. Iowa once had an abund-
ance of prairie grouse, quail, wild fowl
and other game and- many residents of
the State can recall the time when they
could have game to eat. In no State

THE GAME BREEDER

121

has it been more evident that the enact-
ment of many game laws did not pro-
duce the desirable food for the people to
eat; in no State are the possibilities for
excellent shooting better than they are
in Iowa. The farms of Iowa can be
made to yield grouse and quail abund-
antly provided the sportsmen and farmers
work harmoniously and the conditions
under which game can exist be restored.
Prairie grouse cannot survive on closely
cultivated areas where their winter foods
are destroyed and where a little shooting
is added to the destruction of the birds
by their natural enemies. The farms in
Iowa easily can be made to yield an
abundance of game for the people to eat
and for the sportsmen to shoot provided
small covers and food areas can be main-
tained and provided the natural enemies
of the game be controlled to make a
place for the shooting. A profitable
game farm in every county would soon
make the game plentiful and cheap in
the markets. The sportsmen of all
classes will be benefited when some of
them create a game preserve since the
game will overflow as it does in other
States from the game preserve.

; — ♦

CORRESPONDENCE.

Editor Game Breeder:

Here's my renewal. Keep up your
. good work. Would not miss a copy of
your magazine.

Wisconsin. E. G. Showers.

It Pays to Subscribe.

A man in Sherman County, Oregon,
subscribed for The Oregon Sportsman,
went home and told his wife what he
had done. She was so pleased with his
sportsmanship that- on the following day
she presented him with a ten pound boy
Possibly there would have been twins had
he also subscribed for The Game

Breeder.

•

Ex Post Facto Towel Law.

The roller towel has been rather gen-
erally killed off and forgotten in Massa-
chusetts public places, but it lingershere
and there in remote spots. A Boston
man just back from a business trip
through* some of the small places of

Western Massachusetts tells of finding
one of the things in the washroom of a
country hotel.

"Say," he said to a companion washer,
a native, "doesn't the man that runs this
hotel know that the roller towel is
against the law?"

"Sure, he knows it," answered the
native, as he combed his spare locks with
the chained comb hanging from the wall,
"but that law wasn't passed when this
towel was put up."

Quick Returns.

A Scotchman was telling an Irish
neighbor of his with great pride how he
had planted an acorn which sprang up
into a fine oak tree.

"Begorra, that's nothing," commented
Pat, unimpressed. "Sure an' I once
planted a dead cat, and in a short time
up sprang a sanitary inspector."

_ *

Rebuffed.

In the early morn the fresh city
boarder met the rustic dairymaid carry-
ing a couple of foaming milk pails.

"Ah, good morning, my dear," he
said, patronizingly. "How is the milk-
maid?"

" 'Tain't made at all, kind sir," she
said. "We take it from th' cows." —
Chicago Herald.

— •

A Healthy Disease.

Laziness is a disease, declares one of
the eminent doctors. The surprising
fact is that most of the victims of the
disease always look so distressingly
healthy.— Providence Journal.

A Good War Horse.

A professor who had bought a shabby
looking horse asked his coachman to try
it. After the animal had been trotted
around the road a few times the pro-
fessor asked Pat :

"What do you think of him?"
"Be dad, he'd make a fine war horse,"
said Pat.

. "Why, how is that?" asked the pro-
fessor. •

" "Because," said Pat, "he'd sooner die
than run."

122

THE GAME BREEDER

Champion

Mississippi Sport

at Stud, Fee $30,09

Breed to a real bird dog with
brains, ambition and the best of
blood lines.

R. H. SIDWAY

147-153 W. Mohawk Street
Buffalo, N. Y.

Jg^

BOOK ON

/ffife^

DOG DISEASES

•psf^

And How to Feed

America's

Pioneer

Dog Remedies

Mailed free to any address by
the Author

H. CLAY GLOVER CO., Inc.
118 West 31st Street, New York

The Best in
Pointers

Puppies, Broken Dogs

and Brood Bitches, by

Champion Comanche

Frank, Fishel's Frank

and Champion Nicholas

Write me your wants, please.

U. R. FISHEL
Box 35 HOPE, IND.

The Amateur Trainer

By Ed. F. Haberlein

A practical trainer of over 30 years' experience, whose
system is up to date and stands unequaled.

New Edition Just Oat. Illustrated.
A plain, practical and concise, yet thorough guide
in the art of training, handling and the correcting
of faults of the bird doz subservient to the gun
afield. Written especially for the novice, but
equally valuable to the experienced handler. By
following the instructions plainly given, every
shooter possessed of a little common sense and
patience can train his own dogs to perfection.
Paper cover, $1.00; best full cloth binding and gold
embossed, $1.50. Address

THE GAME BREEDER, 150 Nassau Street, N. Y.

Membership in Private Hunting and Fishing Preserve

The Longwood Valley Sportsmen's Club, Controlling the Fishing and
Hunting Preserve of the late U. S. Senator John Kean in Upper Longwood
Valley, Northern New Jersey, invites inquiries from Sportsmen for Mem-
bership, which is both limited and exclusive. Deer, Pheasants, Quail,
Partridge Abundant; also Brook, Rainbow and Brown Trout, Large and
Small Mouth Bass in Lakes and Streams. Two hours by auto from New
York.
Address LONGWOOD VALLEY SPORTSMEN'S CLUB, care The Game Breeder,

150 Nassau Street, New York City

THE GAME BREEDER

123

SPORTMANS HANDBOOK

WRITE Pprr POSTAGE
T TODAY IVLL PREPAID

POSTAGE
PREPAID

The 4th Edition of my Sportsman's Handbook is
ready and I want to send a copy to every man or
woman who 'loves the woods, the fields and the inland
waters. It is the most complete and interesting

Sportsman's Handbook and Catalog

I have ever written. It not only illustrates and describes
hundreds of articles for the Camper, Fisherman, Hunter and
Explorer, but tells of my experience in the wilds of the
United States, Canada and Mexico. There are pictures of
wild animals and game birds, and advice as to selection of
duffle, pitching a tent, caring for firearms, preparing skins
for the taxidermist, etc., etc. There are chapters on how,
when and where to Camp, Fish and Hunt, and many "kinks"
in wildcraft.

I will send this book free if you mention No. 266.

If you are interested in outdoor or indoor games, such as Baseball^ Tennis,
Golf, Archery, Swimming, Basketball, Boxing, etc.,

265.

let me send you Book No.
POWHATAN ROBINSON, President.

NEW YORK SPORTING GOODS CO.

»&

1 5 and 17 Warren Street, New York

r'ork, U. S. A. ■

Only Two Essentials Lacking.

Sidney Hocks is fixing to open a bar-
ber shop at Bounding Billows. He ex-
pects to be ready for business as soon
as he can get hold of a good razor and
a back number of the Police Gazette. —
Hogwallow Kentuckian.

Inside Information.

Willie — Paw, what is meant by inside
information?

Paw — That's something that a surgeon
has after he gets through with a man in
the operating room, my son.— Cincinnati

Enquirer.

♦

Where Harrison Studied.

The Society for the Preservation of
Virginia Antiquities has been placing
tablets on various sites throughout the
city of Richmond, commemorating their
past associations with greatness.

One of these tablets is on an Italian
public house or barroom, in Eighteenth
street, and it reads:

"William Henry Harrison, ninth presi-
dent of the United States, studied med-
icine here."

\\T RITE US for Prices
on ringnecks deliver-
able in July, August or
September as you may
desire, also Mallard. We
handle sixteen other varie-
ties of pheasants, all varie-
ties peafowl, wild turkey
and fancy ducks.

Send 30 cents stamps
for colortype catalogue.

CHILES & CO.

Mount Sterling. Kentucky

124

THE GAME BREEDER

CLASSIFIED ADVERTISEMENTS

THE GAME

150 Nassau Street

BREEDER

New York City

LIVE GAME

PHEASANT AND JAPANESE PHOENIX FOWL
Eggs lor sale; several varieties. S. V. REEVES. 114
E. Park Ave., Haddonfield, N. J.

QUAIL, PARTRIDGES, WILD FOWL, DEER AND
other animals. See display advertisement in this issue.
WM. J MACKENSEN, Proprietor Pennsylvania Pheas-
antry and Game Park.

CANADA WILD GEESE AND THEIR GOSLINGS—
A limited number for sale now — the surest way to start
breeding this species. We are the oldest and largest
breeders of Canadas in this country. Black and White
Swans. Wild Ducks, etc., for sale. WHEALTON WATER
FOWL FARMS, Chincoteague Island. Va.

WILD TURKEYS— For prices see display advertisement
in this issue. W. J. MACKENSEN, Yardley, Bucks
County, Pa.

FOR SALE — Pheasants and eggs. Everything in the
pheasant family. Pamphlet with order free. BUCK-
WOOD PHEASANTRIES, Dunfield, Warren Co., New
Jersey. (ioti

GOLDEN AND ENGLISH RINGNECK PHEASANT

eggs for hatching. May to August. W S~. ALLISON,

Merrimacport, Mass. y-ib

PURE BRED WILD WATERFOWL AT FOLLOW-
ing prices: Mallards. $3.00 per pair. Pintails, $2.50 per
pair. Green Wing Teal, $4.00 per pair. Blue Wirg Teal,
$300 per pair. Also redheads, Gadwalls, Widgeons,
Canvasbacks, Spoonbills, at reasonable prices, for propa-
gating and scientific purposes. GEORGE J. KLEIN,
Ellinwood, Kansas.

GOLDEN PHEASANTS— $10.00 A PAIR. EGGS.30C

each. FRAN KLIN J. PITTS, 14 Websier St.. Taunton,

Mass. 7.76

SAN LORENZO GAME FARM — BREEDER OF
all kinds of pheasants ; eggs in season ; also birds
for sale at all times Visitors welcome. Write for
price list. Mrs. S. MATTHIESSEN, San Lorenzo,
Alameda Co., California. 7-ib

CALIFORNIA ASSOCIATED PHEASANT BREED-
ERS. Pheasants. Quail, Mallard price list. FRED D.
HOYT, Hayward, Cal.

GAME EGGS

FIRST PRIZE WINNING RINGNECK PHEASANTS.
Place your orders for stock and eggs now, also several
varieties of bantams and hares. Prices reasonable.
CHAS. G. BOLTON, Zieglerville, Penn.

PHEASANT EGGS FOR SALE: STRICTLY FRESH
and fertile. I am now booking orders for spring and
summer. Amherst, Golden, Silver. GRAY PHEAS-
ANTRIES, Ward Street, Orange, New Jersey.

GAME BIRDS WANTED

WANTED— MONGOLIAN AND RINGNECK PHEAS-
ANTS and deer for breeding. Also cub bear. Give
description and prices. CLARE WILLARD, Allegany.
New York.

WANTED— WHITE PEAFOWL, EITHER SEX.
Pied Peafowl, Soemmerring, Cheer, Hoki and German
Peacock Pheasants. Ruffed Grouse, and White Squirrels.
Also Swinhoes; state price and number. R. A. CHILES
& CO., Mt Sterling, Ky.

DEER WANTED -Wanted, one pair of adult fallow deer.
State price. A C C, care of The Game Breeder, 150
Nassau St., N. Y. City.

GAMEKEEPERS

SITUATION WANTED— HEAD GAMEKEEPER OR

Superintendent of large estate or game preserve. Very
capable man to show sport. Thoroughly experienced
rearing pheasants, partridge, quail and wild ducks.
Management of incubators hatching pheasant and duck
eggs. Also breeding, training and handling high class
shooting dogs. Excellent trapper, competent manager.
Reference present employer. GAMEKEEPER, 157 East
69th St., New York.

GAMEKEEPER REQUIRES SITUATION. UNDER-
stands all duties. Best references from Europe and
this country. Address M. F., care of The Game Breeder,
150 Nassau Street, New York.

REAL ESTATE

In writing to advertisers please mention The Game Breeder or sign your letters: "Yours for More Game

THE GAME BREEDER

®/2$'

BUNGALOW FOR SALE OR RENT

HAVE WELL BUILT BUNGALOW IV THE MOUN-
tainsof Ulster Co., N.Y., 2 hours from N.Y. City and half-
hour from Poughkeepsie. Bungalow contains 6 rooms,
good artesian well and first-class outbuildings. Will rent
furnished or unfurnished for the comingsummer. Address
E. DAYTON, 26 Bergen Ave., Jersey City, N. J.

FOODS

WILD DUCKS* NATURAL FOODS Will attraet
them. These foods collected, examinations made, plant-
ings planned and superintended. Write for free infor-
mation. CLYDE B TERRELL, Specialist on the Natural
Foods of Wild Ducks, Dept. Pi, Oshkosh, Wis

MEAL WORMS FOR BIRDS, FOR SALE BY THE
hundred or in large quantities. 25c. per hundred. Write
for prices for larger lots. WM. STOFKREGN, 124-126
4th Ave., New York City.

MISCELLANEOUS

REARING PHEASANTS IN SMALL ENCLOSURES
Price, 20 Cents. It contains nothing that has not been
thoroughly and successfully tried out in actual practice
S. V. REEVES, Haddonfield, N. J.

SEND 25 CENTS FOR INFORMATION AND PRICE
list of the most profitable furbearing animal, the Black
Siberian Hare. SIBERIAN HARE CO., Hamilton,
Canada.

AIREDALE PUPPIES, BEST BREEDING, MANY
champions in pedigree. Also Golden Pheasant Eggs.
MRS. A. E. THOMPSON, Williamsburg, Va.

WANTED—BIRD DOGS FOR TRAINING. TWENTY-
seven years' experience in training.Grouse Dogs. Good
references. Terms reasonable, satisfaction guaranteed.
A. E SEIDEL, Danville, Pa.

ORDER NOW FOR FALL DELIVERY, 5 VARIETIES
of Pheasants, Wild Mallards, Fancy Ducks, Wild Geese,
Quail ; 14 varieties of Standard Poultry, including Turkeys.
Stamp for inquiry. TOLLAND FISH & GAME ASS'N,
Riverton, Conn.

EVERY SPORTSMAN
should help to kill off our worst game enemy. A Crow
Call will help you get some excellent shots and do worlds of
good. Price 65c. A. V. LINDQUIST, Alexandria, Minn.

CALIFORNIA VALLEY QUAIL IN EXCHANGE FOR
Bob -whites, bird for bird. Eggs for sale- Ring Neck
Pheasants, $2 50 per 15. Quail, $2.00 per 15. Eggs shipped
on receipt of price Fertility guaranteed. Address
JOSEPH KETCHUM, 309 17th Street, Pacific Grove, Calif.

DOGS

NORWEGIAN BEAR DOGS, IRISH WOLFHOUNDS,
English bloodhounds, Russian wolfhounds, American fox-
hounds* lion, cat, deer, wolf, coon and varmint dogs. All
trained. Shipped on trial. Satisfacfion guaranteed or
money refunded Purchaser to decide. Fifty page highly
illustrated catalogue, 5c. stamp. ROOKWOOD KEN-
NELS, Lexington, Kentucky.

THE BLUE GRASS FARM KENNELS, of Berry, Ky.,
otter for sale setters and pointers, fox and cat hounds,
wolf and deer hounds. Coon and opossum hounds, var-
mint and rabbit hounds, bear and lion hounds, also Aire-
dale terriers. All dogs shipped on trial, purchaser to
judge the quality, satisfaction guaranteed or money re-
funded. Sixty page, highly illustrated, instructive and
interesting catalogue for ten cents in stamps or coin.

GENUINE BLACK SILVER FOX PUPS FOR SALE.
We board your foxes, guarantee them, or build your
ranch for yau. For information write New Hampshire
McNeill Black Silver Fox Co., or R J. McNeill, PENA-
COOK, New Hampshire.

Ulk

INDEPENDENCE, KflNSflST

A SPEEDY RELIEF TO HAY-FEVER SUFFERERS

The Farmer's Attitude.
Rural New Yorker says :

There are two bills before the New York
Legislature which make changes in the game
laws. One changes the open season for pheas-
ants to the first three Thursdays in Novem-
ber. At this season, stock and workmen are
to a large extent out of the fields — thus giv-
ing less danger from injury. The other pro-
hibits hunting within 200 feet of a farm build-
ing or. shooting within 500 feet of buildings or
highway. This will be called a very mild form
of , prohibition to one who has been obliged

to pick shot out of his body or see his stock
maimed or killed, but we should all get behind
these bills and help put them through. There
is now an organized movement to protect
farmers' rights in these game laws. It is
backed by the State Grange, Horticultural So-
ciety and many other organizations. James
G. Greene of Rochester is in charge of this
legislation, and he will need all the help he
can get. Most of all he wants truthful reports
of cases where farmers have suffered injury
or annoyance from hunters. If any reader
can furnish such reports we hope they will
write Mr. Greene at once.

126

THE GAME BREEDER

GAME BIRDS

TOR PROPAGATING PURPOSES

Golden, Silver, Amherst, Reeves Pheasants at reasonable prices.
1 also am booking orders for ring-neck Pheasants reared on my
preserve for delivery in early fall.

I also have rare land and waterfowl from all parts of the world.
Prices quoted for the asking.

JOHN HEYWOOD, Gardner, Mass.
Farms for the Propagation of Wild Fowl.

The Best in Aquatic Plants

Live Water Fowl
Biological Material Supplied

Clyde B. Terrell

NATURALIST

Specialist on Wild Duck Foods
oshkosh, wis.

Preserves Examined, Developed,
and Plantings Superintended.

All eggs from the very finest stock
obtainable. Mated to non-related males
to insure a high degree of fertility.

Greatest possible vitality in young
stock.

Until May 1 5th

Ringneck and Mallard Eggs,
$25.00 a hundred

Mongolian, $40.00 a hundred

Packed in special crates to
insure safe arrival.

RIVER LAWN FARM

147-153 West Mohawk St., BUfPALO, N. Y.

In writing to advertisers please mention The Game Breeder or sign your letters : "Yours for More Game.

THE GAME BREEDER

127

SAGO POND WEED

And Other Wild Duck Foods

For Sale in Large or Small Quantities

If you wish to grow a wild duck food, that will grow
anywhere except in salt water, and the very best duck food
known, plant Sago Pond Weed, roots or seed. We will refer
you to people who are growing it abundantly, and they will
tell you how it has improved their shooting. Sago is what
has held the ducks, geese and swans in Currituck for the past
90 years, where they have been shot at more than any other
place in America.

We also ship wild celery roots and seeds. Chara,
Widgeon grass roots, Red head grass and Wild rice roots.
We will not ship Wild rice seed.

I visit duck farms and preserves, and advise the
planting of the proper foods after inspecting the
soil, water, etc. Write me for prices and testi-
monials from those who have used my foods
with great success.

JASPER B. WHITE, Waterlily, Currituck Sound, N. C.

Io writing to advertiser's please mention The Game Breeder or sign your letters : "Yours for More Game. ,;

128 THE GAME BREEDER

PHEASANTS, DUGKS AND EGGS

Deer And Other Live Game

FOR SAI/E, a superb lot of Golden, Silver and Amherst pheasants just
right for breeding this spring and summer.

I am now booking orders for eggs of the following varieties: Mon-
golian, Ringneck, Chinese, Golden, Silver, Amherst and Reeves.

Wood Duck, Mallard and Gray Call Duck eggs.

All the eggs I ship are guaranteed to be from non-related, pure
bred, strong, healthy birds, correctly mated; all. eggs are guaranteed not to
be over three days old when they leave my farm.

I also manufacture a full line of special foods for the successful raising
of young pheasants and wild water fowl, also for feeding the old birds
all the year 'round ; write for prices.

WALLACE EVANS GAME FARM, ST. CHARLES, ILL.

Largest and most successful breeders of pheasants,
wild water fowl, deer, etc., in the world.

STONY LONESOME GAME EARM

Mallard Ducks and
Mongolian Pheasants

We offer for immediate delivery (limited number) of

Mallard Ducks and Mongolian Pheasants

and will take orders for eggs, delivery in the spring.

ADDRESS

129 Eront Street, New York City,

or JOHN FOSTER, West Hartland, Connecticut

In writing to advertisers please mention The Game Breeder or sign your letters: "Yours for More Game."

■

Mackensen Game Park

I carry the largest stock in America of live
game birds, ornamental birds and quadrupeds.

Hungarian Partridges

I am prepared to fill the largest orders
for these birds and for years I have filled
practically all of the large State orders for both
Partridges and Pheasants.

% ,«*7Z>

Pheasants

My Pheasant pens hold thousands of
Pheasants and I am prepared to furnish
these birds in large numbers to State de-
partments, individual breeders and preserves.

Wild Duck

Mallards, Black Duck, Teal, Wood Duck Pintails and other species

can be supplied in large numbers at at-
tractive prices. Also Mandarins and all
other water fowl.

Wild Turkeys

I am now the largest breeder and
dealer in Wild Turkeys and can supply
these birds in good numbers to State
Departments and preserve owners

l aarry the largest stock in America of ornamental birds and animals. My ponds now contain nearly 200 be&t
Royal Swans of .England. I have fine lot of the beautiful pink FLAMINGOES and the very larjje European
PELICANS. Also STORKS, CRANES. PEAFOWL, fancy GEESE and DUCKS. My pheasant pens contain over
* thousand Ringneck and fancy PHEASANTS. All stock is kept under practically natural conditions. I have «0 acres
•of land entirely devoted to my business. Can also promptly furnish BUFFALOES, DEER, LLAMAS. RABBITS, etc.

Orders booked during summer.

I have for years filled practically all the large State Orders and have better
facilities for handling large orders than any other firm.

Write me before buying elsewhere — 1* will p»y yon to do »o. Your visit solicited.
I am only 60 miles from New York and 80 miles from Philadelphia.

Department V.

WM J. MACKENSEN

YARDLEY, BUCKS COUNTY, PA.

: T1

The Feeding of Sporting Dogs

Every Gamekeeper knows and appreciates the difficulty of bringing the dogs
up to "top notch'' in the matter of health, especially as the sporting season
hoves in sight. Sporting dogs have to undertake difficult and exacting work
necessitating a great expenditure of strength and vitality. Hence their feeding
demands experience, judgment and consideration in selecting the best foods to
sustain them and the exclusive use of those foods only.
Sporting Dogs can be made capable of long sustained effort by liberally
feeding them with

SPRATT'S
DOG CAKES

which are now recognized in all sporting circles as the Food par excellence
for keeping dogs up to standard fitness. Dogs fed on Spratt's Biscuits
work better, behave better, live longer and are more reliable than those
trained on any other foods.

Spratt's Dog Cakes prevent dogs suffering from overstrain by providing

A RESERVE STOCK OF VITALITY

— just what so many dogs lack at the time when they need it most

ARE YOU FEEDING YOUR DOGS ON SPRATT'S?

If you are not, and wish to prove their value in a practical way, we will send you samples free

'" Dog Culture" mailed on receipt of 2c. stamp. •' Pheasant Culture," price 25c.

" Poultry Culture," 10c.

SPRATT'S PATENT LIMITED

NEWARK, N.J. ; SAN FRANCISCO; ST. LOUIS; CLEVELAND; MONTREAL

u =J

ftiArt 18 j^j

Single Copies 10 y.

iiiii IIIHHIIIIIIIIII1I1IIIIIIIHII n nmT

THE*

VOL. IX.

AUGUST, 1916

*W^?wrsl.

?W*a**^l

The- Object of this magazine- is
/(to Make North America the 5iggest
Game Producing Country in the World

CONTENTS

Survey of the Field — How About It? Much About It —
What New Mexico Should Do — Failures— Cattle and Quail —
Health-Giving Sport — Sword Fish and Sharks — " More " —
A Good Book — A Missourian to a New Mexican — Rapid
Progress— Farm Values — Ohio.

Safe and Attractive Quail Grounds - D. W. Huntington

Legal Rights of the Cat - - Edward Howe Forbush

A Court's Opinion - - - Court of Appeals, N. Y.

Comparative Value of Foods for Trout - Charles L. Paige

The Masked Bob-white - - - D. G. Elliot and Others

Notes from the Game Farms and Preserves - By Our Readers

The Technique of Ant Eggs— Quail Breeding— Mallard Mating
— Snakes — Snake and Wild Turkey — Breeding Wild Turkeys —
A Quail Tent — More Quail — Pheasants, Ruffed Grouse, Trout and
Bass — A New Duck Trouble — What is an Owl ? — Shall the Farm
Be Purchased?

The State and the Hawk ... Joseph W. Lippincott

Editorials — More Snakes — An Interesting Report— Our Quail and
Partridges — More Water — Give the Quail and Grouse a Chance.

Outings and Innings — Book Notices — Trade Notes.

OATI E DBEEDEB

No. 5

| imimillllllll | |lllli' llllllllllllllllllllllll iiiiiiiimiimiiinii iiiiuiiiiiuiim minium llllllinillllll llllllllinillllllllllllllll|

PUSLISMED BY

THE GAME CONSERVATION SOCIETY, Inc.

NEW YORK CITY U.S.A ^>y/>.tf

iimnillllllllHIIIIIillllMHIIIIinilllUHIIIIIIMnilllMnilllininilNIIIHIIIIIUIIIIIIHIIHItlllllllllHIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIHIIHINHHtfNIJ.

**,

OUR WILD FOWL AND WADERS

THE NEW YORK TIMES

"The subject is the development of a new crop — a flesh crop which has especial
timeliness in view of the general exhaustion of our food supply. Mr. Huntington dis-
cusses in the most practical manner the restoration of this crop of feathered game,
and from the standpoint both of the sportsman and the market gunner, wild ducks,
it seems, can be raised as easily and cheaply as domesticated ducks, and with
equally excellent financial results. The way to do this is described with estimates
of cost and citation of experience abroad, where the deficiency of food supply has
led to the discovery and elaboration of many remedies to which we have not yet
been forced. Mr. Huntington's book is illustrated with photographs, interesting
alike to naturalists and breeders."

WILLIAM BREWSTER

" ' Our Wild Fowl and Waders' is obviously an able, comprehensive and very
interesting treatise on a subject which has hitherto received but little attention from
writers, especially in America, and concerning which naturalists, as well as sports-
men, will, I am sure, be glad to be thus credibly and pleasingly informed."

THE LOCKPORT UNION-SUN

" Mr. Huntington has given to the American people an admirable treatise on the
practical methods of making these splendid and desirable birds profitably plentiful.
Ponds, streams and waste lands which do not pay the meagre taxes upon them can
be utilized and be made to yield both handsome profits and good sport. This
American authority on wild" game tells the farmers and land owners of this country
how to do it."

CHARLES HALLOCK

;dr. r. w. shufeldt

A. A. HILL

" This is not only a readable book, but it is important in an economic sense, and
it will especially appeal to all who are interested in the conservation of wild life, and
especially our game birds."

AUTOMOBILE DEALER AND REPAIRER

Our Wild Fowl and Waders will be sent to any address in the United States
or Canada with The Game Breeder for one year upon receipt of $2.00.

THE GAME CONSERVATION SOCIETY

150 NASSAU STREET, N. Y.

THE GAME BREEDER

129

;3fe

When There Is Game
Enough For All

* The day is coming when there will
be as much wild game in this country
as there was fifty years ago. Men now
living can remember the time when
the sky was darkened by the flight of
wild ducks, when wild turkeys, quail,
grouse and other game birds abounded
in our woods and fields. It does not
take a great effort of imagination to
picture what a return of these condi-
tions will mean— not only to the sportsman but also
to the farmer, the housewife and the market man.

Game farming is the medium through which the change
will be brought about. By the establishment of game farms
throughout the covntry it will be possible not only to meet
the present active demand for game birds (now far larger
than the supply) but also the increased demand which
will come.

Game breeding is both profitable and pleasant. Any one

having a small amount of land may start a game farm and

raise birds for his own consumption and for sporting and
marketing purposes.

If these possibiiiiies appeal to you, or if you are interested
from any standpoint in the increase of our game birds, write
us for the book, "Game Farming for Profit and Pleasure".
This book, which is sent without cost to those who ask for
it, takes up the subject in a broad way and gives much
interesting and valuable information regarding many different
game birds, their habits, food, enemies, and the methods for
breeding and marketing them.

In writing for your copy please use the coupon below.

Game Breeding Department, Room 202

HERCULES POWDER CO.

Wilmington, Delaware

Manufarturers cf Explosives; Infallible and "E. C" Smokeless Shotgun Powders:
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Gentieraen: — Please send me a copy of "Game Farming for Profit and Pleasure'

I am interested in game

130

THE GAME BREEDER

To THE GAME BREEDER,

150 Nassau Street, New York.

Please send me THE GAME BREEDER, for one year.

$1.00 enclosed.

Name

Street

City

State

N. B.— Write Name and Street Address plainly and state if you
wish hack numbers of the magazine to the first of the year.

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In writing to advertisers please mention The Game Breeder or sign your letters : "Yours for More Game."

THE GAME BREEDER

131

Get in Trim Now for the Game Season

The game season will
soon be here. Make sure
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practice field shooting. The

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In writing to advertisers please mention The Game Breeder or sign your letters: "Yours for More Game.'"

THE GAME BREEDER

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T he Game Breeder

Published Monthly. Enteied as second-class matter. July a, 1915, at the Post Office, New York City,

New York, under the Act of March 3, 1879.

VOLUME IX

AUGUST, 1916
SURVEY OF THE FIELD.

NUMBER 5

How About It?

Under the heading, "Foreign Species
vs. American Game," The Pine Cone, the
bulletin of the New Mexico Game
Protective Association, says :

According to a government report, about
25,000 foreign game birds have been imported
into this country since 1900, apparently at an
average cost of about $10 per pair. Probably
ten times as many have been bought from
American dealers. A very rough guess would
place the total expenditure for foreign species
at $1,000,000. It is well known that a large
majority of these operations have been failures.
Without attempting any sweeping statements
as to whether this money is wasted it is
nevertheless obvious that it would have suf-
ficed:

(a) To finance 60 Game Protective Asso-
ciations for 16 years.

(b) To employ 60 paid wardens for 16
years.

(d) To pay 20,000 rewards of $50 each for
the apprehension of game-hogs.

Much About It.

Much can be said about it most of
which is well known to readers of The
Game Breeder.

(a) We would say that the number of
live birds imported is under-estimated
We have no doubt that more than a mil-
lion dollars have been sent abroad for
live and dead game and often we have
said that the laws should be amended so
as to permit the sending of this money
to American game farms. Over two-
thirds of the States have amended their
laws so as to encourage the breeding of
all or certain species of game. Some
States only permit the breeding of for-
eign birds and wild ducks and deer.

(b) The money "would have sufficed"
to finance several times 60 game breeding

associations which easily could produce
several hundred thousand game birds an-
nually.

(c) It would have sufficed to reach
every sportsman in the United States
with 20 appeals to quit calling names as
a means of increasing game ("game
hog," etc.), to stop striving for the im-
possible and to get busy in securing "more
game and fewer game laws."

(d) To pay 20,000 rewards of $50
each to small breeders who produced
over a thousand game birds annually.

What New Mexico Should Do.

New Mexico promptly should follow
the lead of the other States and enact a
modern game breeders' law permitting
and encouraging the profitable breeding
of all species of game.

It seems almost ludicrous for New
Mexico suddenly to wake up to the idea
that it is wise to try and produce game
by calling people who shoot game "hogs,"
since practically all of the other States
have abandoned this plan. For a time
some said "game pig" because the game
became so scarce that there was not
enough left to warrant the larger word
hog, but recently this method of produc-
ing game has been abandoned in the
States which are producing game.

Failures.

As to the statement above quoted from
Pine Cone, "that a large majority of
these operations (importing game) have
been failures" we would observe that the
operations may be divided into two
classes :

(1) Importations by State game offi-
cers.

(2) Importations by commercial game

134

THE GAME BREEDER

breeders, clubs and game preserve
owners.

It is true there have been some, in fact
many decided failures where States have
brought in thousands of innocent birds
and turned them down to feed vermin.
Connecticut, Missouri, Indiana, Kansas
and other States spent many thousands
of dollars for imported birds not one of
which was legally shot and the birds prac-
tically have vanished like snow on a
warm sunny morning.

In practically every case, however,
where the importations were made by or
for people who look after their game the
increase has been tremendous. At many
places a few thousand birds are shot
every season. Many are sent to the
New York market where they bring ex-
cellent prices ; the money is used to pro-
duce more game. We shall be glad to
get an order from Pine Cone or its
readers for an hundred thousand pheas-
ants and wild ducks and we will agree
that all of the birds will be shipped from
American game farms at from $1 to $2
less per bird than Pine Cone says was
sent abroad for the imported stock. See
advertisements in Game Breeder and
order now if you want any game.

We will place an order for a million
game birds to be filled in two years' time
and we are quite sure our readers will
deliver the goods if a small deposit be
made to insure good faith.

Cattle and Quail.

New Mexico has encouraged or at
least permitted the cattle industry. In
a report issued by the United States
Agricultural Department we read that
one of the most interesting and valuable
quail formerly found in the Southwestern
part of the United States has probably
become extinct since cattle were intro-
duced on its range. See article in this
issue on the masked bobwhite.

Pine Cone uses a buffalo skull with
the words : "Where are the buffaloes ?" as
its trade mark and a very fat pig to illus-
trate its methods. We can answer the
question. Our readers will supply all the
buffaloes any New Mexican may want
at a fair price. We would like to know
on whose ranch they can be introduced

as sporting animals for the public to
shoot.

A good herd of these animals was sold
not long ago to Canada because no one
in the United States seemed to want
them. Send an order to The Game
Breeder, Pine Cone, and we will see that
you get some buffaloes — if you need any
buffaloes.

Health Giving Sport.

Under date of July 2, a press report
from Woodsfield, Ohio, brings the fol-
lowing announcement of a centenarian's
challenge to other Buckeye hunters who
are fourscore years — or more — of age :

"On July 4, John Hally, G. A. R. vet-
eran, celebrates his 106th birthday. To-
day he issued a coon hunting challenge
to any Ohioan over eighty.

" 'It's the simple life,' the old man de-
clared, when some youngsters of fifty
asked how he had managed to live so
long. 'I've beaten my father now. He
died at 103.'

"Freedom from worry, abstinence
from tobacco and intoxicants and plenty
of coon hunting is Mr. Hally's recipe if
you'd live to be 106." — Sportsmen's Re-
view.

Sword Fish and Sharks.

Since the unfortunate accidents on the
New Jersey coast, where sharks have di-
rectly caused the death of two persons,
your correspondents have suggested that
their presence is due to the Gulf Stream
and to the hunger of these rapacious sea
wolves. While these statements are true
we must remember that the commercial
activity shown in capturing swordfish in
these latitudes is actually the reason why
the waters every year show increase of
sharks.

The sharks will multiply to the harm
and danger of the many resorts whose
means of revenue is salt water bathing.
The swordfish is an enemy of the shark.
This is verified by the battles waged on
the sea's surface whenever the one meets
the other. Protect your swordfish as you
protect your birds and your waters will
be free of the shark.

The argument advanced that sharks do
not attack human beings is not borne

THE GAME BREEDER

135

out by the record of maritime events.
In the city of Havana, Cuba, there was
a colored man famous for his periodical
battles with sharks until he fell a victim
to one of these sea monsters. There *is
no island of the West Indies on the main-
land of South America that could not
produce the facts to show that sharks
have got away with parts of the anatomy
of persons who have fallen overboard or
who have been indiscreet by bathing or
exposing themselves in such waters.

As early as the eighteenth century
Ulloa records that off the Colombia coast
where the Spaniards had their negro
slaves engaged in the pearl fisheries their
greatest dangers were from sharks and
devilfish. The negro divers who were
reputed to be the most expert of their
day, not only could battle with sharks
but maintained the demand for their
services and the fishery was kept up spe-
cially off Panama for more than a hun-
dred years.

The sharks would leave the waters
saturated with the crimson color of
blood, while the devilfish. carried off his
victims and left no trace whatever.
Charles Darwin has left us enough on
the instinct of animals, and the sharks
seem to be indeed remarkably sensitive
to the appearance of individuals in the
waters off the coast. — Arthur A. Shom-
burg, in New York Sun.

More.

"More'' is getting to be a common and
a great big word all over the country.

More Game and Fewer Game Laws.

Many thousands of readers now end
their letters, "Yours for More Game."

We especially wish to see "more" quail
and grouse trapped for propagation pur-
poses. How absurd it is for some States
to say you may kill 3 or 10 or some other
number of quail during the season but
you must not ask permission to take a
similar number of birds alive for propa-
gation.

The State should distribute "more"
stock birds to those who will agree to
multiply their numbers. Vermin in many
places get more State game than the
sportsmen can secure. Often it is eaten

up before the last-named arrive on the
ground.

A Good Book.

John W. Talbot, one of the leading
practical game protectionists of this coun-
try, has published a very good book on
"Game Laws and Game."

The first part is devoted to a discus-
sion of the absurdities which exist in
many State enactments and the second
part is devoted to Pheasants, their Rear-
ing and Hatching.

The text of the first part indicates that
Mr. Talbot is filled with righteous indig-
nation (the kind which it is perfectly
proper for even Quakers to have — we had
it at the start) as he contemplates the
preventive sections of the laws which
tend to protect the game off the face of
the earth. He cites a recent important
decision by the New York Court of Ap-
peals, which indicates that the court does
not approve of statutes which have the
effect of restricting an article of com-
merce although they be written to pro-
tect game or to promote health. We
reprint the decision and it seems certain
it will be hailed with delight by those
who are fond of common sense and good
laws and who would like to see the mar-
kets full of game during long open sea-
sons, as they soon will be. Mr. Talbot's
book costs $1. It is published by The
Game Bird Society, South Bend, Ind.
All more-gameists will be delighted with
the game law discussion and breeders will
find the part on pheasant breeding in-
structive and interesting. Mr. Talbot has
made a valuable contribution to the
"more game" movement.

A Missourian to a New Mexican.

It wud bee a pitty fur this law too be
declaired unconstytooshunul. Enny one
who reeds what Mr. Alldoo Leopold says
about tha state being all covered over
with watter-foul, wud niver wish tha
state tha bad luck uv again being put
back into tha condishion she was in when
I saw her frum tha winddow uv that
toorist car, gasping fur me breath and
no watter ennywhear to quensch me
thurst.

I wish too say that I perfectly agree

/$C ® THE GAME BREEDER

with tha ten reesuns given bye Mr. All- quail will be shot. We shall give special

doo Leopold, why the Supreem Coart uv attention to quail and grouse breeding

tha Unitted States shud not be purmitted during the coming year,

to declair this law unconstytooshinul. Undoubtedly the United States will be

This reminds me uv a lawyer who wus the biggest pheasant producing country

hired to defend a frind uv mine. Said in the world within five years at the

he too tha Judge : "I have ten reasons present rate of increase. We are inclined

why me cliant kant be in coart today, to believe that already we have more wild

Tha furst reesun is that me cliant is dead, ducks than any country in the world and

The second reason is " "Hold on," the numbers rapidly are increasing. More

sed tha Judge, "tha first reesun is suffi- wild fowl are marketed, no doubt, m

shunt; don't take up too much time uv England than in America, but this is be-

tha coart tellin' about tha other nine cause about 5,000 market gunners are

reesuns. Tha defendunt is disscharged permitted to shoot wild fowl in England

fur want uv jurisdiction uv this coart too with huge punt guns. Ducks are brought

try tha case, so I hope he is resting easy to the market from the public waters just

in hell. Call the next case." as fish are in large numbers. The Louis-

If this Fedderul law is uphelled bye iana, California and some other markets

tha Supream Coart, us Missourians will are creditable. We believe we have as

take our meddisin, but I kant garrantee many or probably more wild ducks than

that tha "gaime hogs" will sell ther shoot- the English markets have.

in' irons and quit that skatter gun gaime ; =

I rathur expect thay will all buy raleroad Farm Values.

tickets fur New Mexico, wher tha state We received a long and interesting let-
is all covered with watterfoul and tha ter from one of our New York readers
jacksnipe and road runners is basking in who wishes to purchase a farm of 250
tha sun, while tha jack rabbits is chaising acres in Virginia for game farming. It
the coyotes throo tha mesquite and tha will be interesting to learn if the sale of
magpies is learning how too talk by hoi- this farm is prevented by "fool" game
lerin' "gaime hog" too tha hunters frum laws prohibiting the profitable production
tha Middul West fur introoding into tha of food. We are investigating this sub-
State uv New Mexico. J ect an d we hope to publish a full state-
Yours respeckfully ment of the facts in our next issue.
Michael Joseph Flannigan. Farms where game can be produced and

Saint Louie, Missouri. sold, at present prices, are worth twice

Sportsmen's Review. as much as farms where the owners are

= hable to arrest for food producing.

Rapid Progress. =

We are well pleased with the results Ohio.

obtained by elk and deer breeders and By a singular coincidence an Ohio

by the breeders of pheasants and wild farmer called at the office of The Game

ducks. Hundreds of deer breeders have Breeder the same day we received the

deer. Thousands now own pheasants inquiry about purchasing a farm in Vir-

and ducks; in many cases the numbers ginia. Our Ohio friend when we asked

are surprising. We have inquiries as to him why he had sold his farm and left

where the most birds will be shot next the State, said he would not live in a

fall. We are quite sure the biggest bag State which prohibited quail shooting and

which we will report will run over five prevented the increase of this desirable

thousand birds. We have an idea where bird. He says he has many quail, ruffed

this will be done and we will report the grouse and other game birds on his new

shoot later. place and enjoys living in a State where

The game laws have retarded the in- there is more freedom than there is in

crease of the quail and grouse in some Ohio. We are a little surprised that

States but at a number of places the bags more farmers do not appeal to the farm

will run over a thousand birds in Novem- journals to help them secure game breed-

ber and at a few places several thousand ers' laws in the slow States.

THE GAME BREEDER

137

SAFE AND ATTRACTIVE QUAIL GROUNDS.

By D. W. Huntington.

The individual or club, having ar-
ranged with the owners of some posted
farms to rent the shooting, should not
imagine that they can shoot much if any
of the game found in the fields and
woods without causing it rapidly to be-
come extinct unless some practical game
preserving be undertaken.

The vermin, which surely is present,
although not much may be seen, will
check the increase of the game leaving
only enough stock birds to restock the
fields. Should the sportsmen take up
the destruction after the vermin has been
fed they will shoot the birds intended for
restocking and the result will be disas-
trous as such shooting always has been.
On the average farm many of the fields
will be unattractive to game and even
uninhabitable. Closely cropped pastures,
closely tilled fields surrounded by
barbed-wire fences, open woods where
the briars and underbrush have been
eliminated are neither safe nor attrac-
tive to upland game and in closely culti-
vated regions the fields should be made
safe and attractive before game birds are
turned down.

It is highly desirable to have game in
every field. The more evenly it is dis-
tributed the better it will be not only for
the birds who do not stand overcrowding
and for the sportsmen who should enjoy
seeing the dogs point game often.

It is not a difficult matter to make un-
attractive fields attractive. The two
things to be done are to provide cover
and food. The best cover for open fields
is small briar patches. The blackberry
and wild rose make excellent covers and
both supply excellent food ; the seeds
from the berries which wither on the
briars and the hips of the wild rose are
excellent winter foods and can be ob-
tained above the snow. A narrow strip
of briars and wild grasses and weeds will
make a safe cover beside the wire fences
and if some grain be planted and left
standing the quail and grouse will find

the ground both safe and attractive ; and
if the numerous natural enemies be well
controlled with the gun and trap a good
number of birds can be shot safely every
season. A narrow strip of corn and a
narrow strip of wheat, buckwheat rye or
barley and the weeds which will appear
will supply all the food needed. The
corn will afford shade in summer and
some of the grain can be fed to the birds
in the winter. Where special plantings
are made in pastures they should be in-
closed with a wire to keep out the cattle.
An inexpensive fence run parallel to one
or more of the fences inclosing the field
and only a few feet distant will inclose
a food cover area which will yield some
■ excellent shooting for two guns one on
either side of the cover.

Open woods can be made attractive by
planting briars in a few places ; and a
few old tree tops and brush piles such as
we used to find plentiful in the woods
will be found desirable. A small clearing
made in the woods and planted with quail
foods including a little lettuce and other
garden plants clover and grass will
surely hold one or more covies. Grit and
dusting places easily can be arranged in
such clearings. They can be made at
small expense but the farmer should be
compensated for the use of the small
areas planted especially for the quail.

The vermin will find it difficult to take
many birds in the briar patches. Sports-
men, no doubt, often have observed how
quickly the quail fly to the briars when
flushed on the stubbles. No hawk can
strike them there and the fox cannot
catch birds running in briars.

The keeper should persistently destroy
the snakes, hawks, crows and other ver-
min and he will find a terrier useful in
aiding him to locate the ground vermin.
The foregoing applies to farms in the
Central and Western States where there
is often no cover at certain seasons of the
year. On the prairies in the West when
the stubble and weeds are plowed under

138

THE GAME BREEDER

not a sunflower, wild rose or even a weed
remains on vast areas. There is abso-
lutely no cover and no food and under
such conditions laws prohibiting shooting
at all times will not save the game and
certainly they will not restore it on miles
of land where it has been extirpated.

In many of the Eastern and Southern
States the conditions are quite different.

Where agriculture has waned and where
the weeds, brush and briars are over-
abundant the ground should be made at-
tractive by cutting openings and rides
through the brush and by making many
attractive fields, small ones will do, where
grain and other foods are planted. It is
far more difficult to control the vermin
on such areas than it is on the closely
tilled farms of the West.

LEGAL RIGHTS OF THE CAT.

By Edward Howe Forbush.

During the past century cat lovers have
made many attempts to prove that their
pets are entitled to some rights under the
law, but English law seems to find little
merit in their claims. An articled clerk,
writing to the London Standard, says :

It is clearly laid down in "Addison on
Torts" that a person is not justified in
killing his neighbor's cat or dog which he
finds on his land, unless the animal is in
the act of doing some injurious act which
can be prevented by its slaughter. If a
person sets on his land a trap for foxes,
and baits it with such strong-smelling
meat as to attract his neighbor's dog or
cat on to his land to the trap, and sucn
animal is injured or killed, he is liable
for the cat, though he had no such inten-
tion and though the animal ought not to
have been on his land.

The French courts have given the cat
owner no damages in such or similar
cases. The local magistrate of Fontaine-
bleau heard a case in which a man, an-
noyed by neighboring cats, kept traps in
his garden and caught fifteen. The
neighbors combined to bring him to jus-
tice. The judge decided in favor of the
neighbors, but in a higher correctional
tribunal the decision was reversed.* In
' some European countries cats are outside
the law the moment they leave their
owner's premises, or as soon as they have

*The Cat, Past and Present, translated from
- the French of M. Champfleury, with notes by
Mrs. Cashel Hoey, 1885, pp. 65, 66.

passed beyond a certain radius from a
building. In certain German cities cats
are licensed also, but have no rights when
they have passed certain limits. Herr
Friedrich Schwabe, head of the von Ber-
lepsch School of Bird Protection at See-
bach, writes a? follows to Mr. William P.
Wharton of Groton (translated from the
German) :

The law for killing roaming cats varies
according to whether it is carried out by
those empowered to do so or by owners
without authorization. The former may,
without further ceremony, shoot any cat,
whether roaming wild or not, which they
find on their beat, no matter whether the
owner is known to them or not. But they
(the shooters) must keep a certain dis-
tance away from any inhabited building,
this distance varying in different States
(usually it amounts to 200 metres). In
most domains, those having the legal
right to shoot may even demand a tee
from the owner of the cat, which fee the
owner must pay. The owner of a garden
or park who has suffered damage on ac-
count of bird-catching cats need only
refer to paragraph 228 of our code of
civil law if he wishes to legally justify
the killing of cats. "After this any one
who harms or destroys a foreign object
in order to ward off threatened danger
from himself or from some other person
does not commit an illegal act, provided
the harm or destruction is necessary for
warding off the danger, and provided the

THE GAME BREEDER

139

damage is not out of proportion to the
danger." Applied to the cat question
that means : The owner of a garden in
which birds brood may kill cats appear-
ing there if he is able to prove that these
cats prey upon the birds and their broods.
To be sure, judicial decisions unfavorable
to owners of gardens, these owners hav-
ing killed cats, are not lacking. But in
these cases there were culpable accessory
circumstances, such as the use of firearms
without a permit, or inadmissible near-
ness to inhabited buildings.

Our laws are unquestionably inade-
quate, and for that reason the govern-
ment and the representatives of the peo-
ple will very soon be obliged to take new
measures for the protection of birds.

The experiment of taxing cats has also
been tried in order to reduce their num-
ber, but this measure has been taken only
by towns, and the result cannot yet be
seen.

An important point of view is given,
in any event, by the fact that the domestic
cat — with you in America as well as here
with us — cannot be considered and es-
teemed a native animal belonging to the
lineal fauna, but that it is an imported
stranger which one can justly return to
the house of its owner. There is no
reason why the privilege of roaming
about freely, denied other domestic ani-
mals, should be given to the cat.

According to Dr. Clifton F. Hodge this
is practically the solution of the problem
reached by Baron von Berlepsch in Ger-
many, and there cities provide traps
which are continually kept baited and set
for stray cats. According to this writer
Hamburg has 300 such traps that during
the three years previous to the publica-
tion of his book had rid the city of 6,226
cats. He mentions Berlin, Hamburg,
Elberfeld, Barmen, Frankfort, Lineburg,
Nuremberg, Pirna, Oels, Breslau, etc., as
making official provision for the destruc-
tion of cats, and states that in Munster
there has existed for some years an
"Anti-Cat Society" which has already de-
stroyed several thousand of these "beasts
of prey."

In Europe the cat owner seems to have
been defeated in the higher courts. In
America the owners of domesticated ani-

mals have their rights defined by law,
but the status of the cat seems to have
been determined largely by the opinion
of the presiding justice, who may regard
it as domesticated or as a wild animal.

The following is an extract from a
newspaper report of a portion of the de-
cision of Judge Utley of Worcester in a
case where Dr. Dellinger was arraigned
for injuring and destroying cats that
were molesting birds that he was en-
gaged to care for :

A cat is a wild animal. There is no
wilder animal in Christendom. It is an.
animal that can't be controlled and you
can't tell what it will do when it gets out
of its owner's sight. A man on his own
property has a right to protect it, and
when wild animals encroach on it, he is
justified in getting rid of them. I find on
the evidence presented in this case that
the defendant was justified in doing what
he did. I don't mean, however, to assert
that a man has the right to throw stones
promiscuously any place. The defendant
is discharged. (Judge Samuel Utley,
Criminal Session of the Central District
Court, in re Thomas Butler vs. Dr. Oris
P. Dellinger. — Worcester Evening Post,
September 27, 1905.)

There is a later decision in Maine
which is favorable to the cat, but the cir-
cumstances were reversed, as the owner
of the cat was the defendant.

The following appears in the Rural
New-Yorker :

A man in Maine owned a valuable fox
terrier dog which went upon a neighbor's
property and chased a cat. While it was
doing si the owner of the cat shot the
dog and i.illed it. The dog's owner sued
the neighi'.ir for damages, and won a.
verdict on ,he ground that the cat is not:
a domestic .animal and therefore not en-
titled to legal protection. * * * The
cat owner was not satisfied and appealed
the case, his lawyer making a long argu-
ment to show that the cat is even more a
domestic animal than a dog. He suc-
ceeded, and the court reversed the lower
verdict, which means that the cat owner
was justified in protecting his property.
He apparently had as much right to kill
a dog which chased his cat as he would

140

THE GAME BREEDER

have in the case of dogs found worrying

sheep.

It will be noted that in both the above
cases the owner of the property or his
agent were sustained. A man killing
another's cat or dog on his own property
may have some legal rights that he might
not claim in killing it on the owner's
property. Malicious killing probably
would be unlawful also, as it might come
under the head of malicious mischief, and
cruelty must be avoided. Dr. Henry Hall
of Binghamton, N. Y., was convicted
June 8, 1912, before Judge Albert Hotch-
kiss of the City Court of Binghamton,
apparently not for killing a cat, but for
failing to kill it and leaving it to suffer.
The doctor shot, with a rifle, a cat that
was attempting to kill a bird at his drink-
ing fountain, and left it for dead, without
taking means to determine whether it was
dead or alive. The cat returned to con-
sciousness with its jaw broken, and
crawled away. The doctor was fined $25,
appealed the case to the County Court of
Broome County before Judge Parsons,
and there the conviction was sustained
December 27, 1912. This seems to have
been a conviction for cruelty to animals.
Had the cat been shot dead the plaintiff
would have had no case. Appolinary
Kane of Binghamton was sentenced by
Judge Hotchkiss in July, 1915, to thirty
days in jail for shooting a cat which he
claimed had been killing his chickens.
The shot mutilated the cat, and Mr. Kane
then went into the house and left the cat
to die in agony. It behooves those who
shoot cats to beware of bungling and
unnecessary cruelty, and to finish the task
if they begin it. But there seems to be
no law to prevent the humane killing of
stray cats anywhere, unless one breaks
laws against shooting within city limits,
within a certain distance of a dweling,
on the public highway or on public lands ;
provided also that the trespass laws are
not broken in the act. Those who intend
to poison or trap cats in Massachusetts
should observe the provisions of chapter
626 of the Acts of 1913, which reads as
follows :

Section 1. Whoever shall place or dis-
tribute poison in any form whatsoever,
for the purpose of killing any animal, or

shall construct, erect, set, repair or tend
any wire snare for the purpose of catch-
ing or killing any animal, shall be pun-
ished by a fine not exceeding one hundred
dollars : provided, that nothing in this
section shall be construed to prohibit any
person from placing in or near his house,
barns or fields, poison intended to destroy
rats, woodchucks or other pests of a like
nature or insects of any kind.

Section 2. Any person who shall set,
place, maintain or tend a steel trap with
a spread of more than six inches or a
steel trap with teeth jaws, or a ""stop-
thief" or choke trap with an opening of
more than six inches shall be punished by
a fine of not exceeding one hundred dol-
lars.

Section 3. Any person who shall set,
maintain, or tend a steel trap on enclosed
land of another without the consent in
writing of the owner thereof, and any
person who shall fail to visit at least once
in twenty-four hours, a trap set or main-
tained by him shall be punished by a fine
not exceeding twenty dollars.

Section 70, chapter 212, Revised Laws
(1902), provides a penalty for cruelly
abandoning any domestic animal. Only
a few convictions for desertine cats have
been secured under this law for the rea-
son that it often is hard to prove which
has been abandoned, cat or owner.

Send in the News.

We appreciate the fact that game
breeders are very busy during the breed-
ing season but we are sure they find time
to read the interesting notes sent to The
Game Breeder by our readers.

It only takes a few minutes to write
a few lines about the game and the ver-
min, about the successes, accidents or
even failures. All are interesting. All
tend to help the "more game" movement
on its way and to make new converts.

We hope soon to enlarge the publica-
tion and to print many more practical
short stories of actual occurrences.

An Angler's Tale.

Priscilla asked John Alden why
didn't speak for himself.

"I don't talk when I fish," he answered

THE GAME BREEDER " 141

A COURT'S OPINION.

In the case of People vs. Buffalo Fish criminal law and permit an accused per-
Co., 164 N. Y. 93, 52 L. R. A. 803, the son to testify in his own behalf, the
Court of Appeals of New York was proposition was for a long time resisted
called up to pass on the validity of a by similar arguments. It was said that
statute "forbidding any person to * * * the temptation to swear falsely under
be possessed of certain fish during the such circumstances was so great that
close season therein prescribed." The crime could never be punished if the ac-
defendants bought fish in Canada to sell cused was permitted to testify in his own
in New York and were charged with behalf, whereas experience has shown
being possessed of them in New York, that a person on trial for a penal offense
The court held if the law covered the very rarely, if ever, helps his case by
case and made criminal "being possessed falsehood. Indeed, it may be safely as-
of imported fish," it was unconstitutional serted that the new law, instead of
and void because it was a violation of the thwarting justice, as anticipated, has
interstate commerce provisions of the been a very great aid in the enforcement
Federal Constitution. In deciding the of the criminal law. There is not the
case, Judge O'Brien, speaking for the slightest reason for giving a strained and
court, said : "An act to protect game or unnatural construction to the statute in
to promote health may be so framed and question in order to meet such an imag-
applied as to restrict and regulate traffic inary danger. The possession of the fish
in some article of commerce, and when or game at the forbidden season, within
it does it is just as obnoxious as if passed this State, is prima facie evidence that
for that purpose under a title expressing the possessor has violated the law, and
that very intent. * * * " "But it is the burden is then cast upon him of prov-
argued that, unless the statute is con- ing facts to show that the possession was
strued to inhibit the possession during lawful. If he has no better defense than
the closed season of fish imported from one based on falsehood, it will be entirely
a foreign country, it cannot be enforced, safe to trust to the power of cross-exam-
but will be evaded by false swearing, ination and the intelligence of the court
This means that if the summer-hotel and jury to detect and expose it, as in
keeper, the owner of the private pond, offenses of much greater magnitude,
and the foreign importer, under the cir- * * * " "The main proposition, after
cumstances stated, are allowed to escape, all, in support of the plaintiff's conten-
then someone else may falsely pretend tion, is based more upon policy and ex-
that his possession of fish during the close pediency than upon law. When fairly
season was obtained in a similar manner, stated, it is this : A statute to protect
when in fact he is really guilty of violat- fish and game within the State does not
ing the law by procuring them from the protect unless it inhibits the importation
waters of the state. This argument of fish and game from a foreign ccantry
seems to be based upon the notion that or another State. When this proposition
unless the innocent are convicted the is carefully examined, it will be found
guilty may escape. It assumes that in to be not only without any foundation in
the interpretation of a penal statute, such fact or in experience, but, when applied
a remote danger must be anticipated and to cases like the one in hand, the mani*
guarded against. I think it puts rather fest tendency is to defeat the very object
too much faith in the potency of perjury of the law, which, of course, must be
as a defense to an honest claim, and too assumed to be protection. The individual
little in the capacity of courts and juries who is permitted to hunt and fish in Can-
to distinguish truth from falsehood, ada or in another State, and bringwith
When it was proposed to change the him here the fruits of his labor, will do

142 THE GAME BREEDER "" '■ -^

very much less of hunting and fishing at during the close season. To forbid the
home. If his warfare upon game or fish taking of fish in a foreign country or in
is carried on in a foreign country or in another State, where it is lawful, by our
another State, it would seem to be unwise own citizens, during the season, or the
to prevent him for the purpose of pro- possession within the State of what is so
tecting fish and game at home. The game taken, tends to exterminate rather than
law that cuts off the supply from abroad protect fish here. The legislator who
diminishes, rather than increases and pro- would protect the forests of this State
tects, the supply at home. Legislation by prohibiting the importation of lumber
that would prohibit the defendant from or timber from Canada or from other
drawing a supply of fresh fish from Can- States would be rated as a visionary
ada during the close season simply fur- theorist, but in a certain degree that is
nishes a strong temptation to procure it the principle upon which the argument
from the waters of this State, even in for the People in this case proceeds for
violation of law. It is said that there is the protection of fish and game. What
a passion inherent in man to kill or cap- is true with respect to the forests is
ture game, in spite of penal laws forbid- equally true of every other natural prod-
ding it. If that be so, it would seem to uct of the soil or of the waters of the
be wisdom to allow the passion to expend State, so that it is plain that the plain-
itself by permitting those who enjoy it to tiff's theory of this case, when put into
capture and become possessed of fish or complete operation all around the bound-
game in Canada, or in other States where aries of the State, would, instead of pro-
the law permits it, rather than furnish tecting fish and game, go far to exter-
a temptation to violate the law at home minate both."

THE COMPARATIVE VALUE OF FOODS FOR RAINBOW
TROUT AND OTHER SALMONOIDS.

By Charles L. Paige.

To demonstrate the comparative value influences, climatic or aquatic conditions,.
•of different kinds of food for young sal- prevailing habits of the fishes, and many
monoids with any degree of exactness other circumstances for consideration,
must necessarily entail very patient and After experiments and study covering
careful investigation. The fishes experi- a period of many years, supplemented by
:mented with will have to be maintained close observation of the fish in small
in separate pools, under identical pro- areas of inclosed water, I can suggest no
-visions of environment, water supply and new form of food artificially prepared
area, temperatures, and the possible sup- superior in any respect to that commonly
plies' of natural food carried by or exist- used in most hatcheries where young sal-
ing in the water or in the pools them- monoids are fed. For fry I should pre-
selves. Where there exists wide diver- f er these foods in the order here named :
sity of opinion as to food values for the 1. Raw beef liver, finely ground, for
higher orders of animals, to demonstrate the first five days or week,
the values of such atomic particles as are 2. Fresh lean meat finely ground,
collected by the young fish will tax the 3. Any available fresh lean meat mixed
powers of the most exact scientific analy- with increasing portions of wheat mid-
sis. Any demonstration of the mainte- dlings, fed either in the raw state or after
nance of the fishes will in itself be sub- being cooked as a mush,
ject to question as to specific hereditary In the preparation of any meat food

THE GAME BREEDER

143

(after five or six days feeding of raw
liver alone to newly hatched fry) the
fresh liver and meat should be thoroughly
ground together with from one-fourth to
three-fourths of its weight of wheat mid-
dlings. The middlings, in itself good
food which will sustain fish indefinitely,
is particularly valuable in absorbing and
holding the juices of meats and makes
a mixture of about the right consistency
and gravity to remain in suspense or
slowly sink in water, while it is easily
distinguished by the fishes once they are
accustomed to it. It is a cheap and gen-
erally available staple. Food prepared
as described may be readily dried and
preserved for emergencies where a fresh
supply of meat is lacking.

That millions of trout and salmon fry
. have been and are being maintained in
overcrowded hatching troughs upon a
diet of beef liver would appear to be
positive evidence of its great value, while
it is commonly as easily and cheaply ob-
tainable as any form of animal food.

The chief object of this paper, how-
ever, is to suggest that young salmon and
salmonoids reared in captivity should be
given the minimum quantity of artificia 1
food and a maximum area and flow of
water containing their natural food, for
which they should be permitted to forage.
Prepared food should supplement the
natural supply where water area is over-
crowded with young fish, or where
drouth, cold or other climatic conditions
interfere with the normal natural supply.
In support of this view is offered the
following summary of well-known or
readily ascertained facts and examples :

1. That along the salmon rivers and
trout streams fry existing under natural
provisions are commonly in excellent
physical condition, mortality among them
being mainly caused by abnormal disturb-

ances of the nests, such as floods, drouths
or extraordinary climatic changes, or by
the depredations of natural enemies,
birds, reptiles and other animals.

2. That salmonoids are not surface-
feeding fishes exclusively, but seek food
suspended in the water and on the shores
and bottom surfaces accessible to them;
and that of necessity they must collect
more or less vegetable and sedimentary
matter; in fact, that they are rather om-
nivorous than piscivorous or carnivorous
fishes.

3. That under normal natural condi-
tions a continuous succession of season-
able aquatic and insectiverous foods,
much of which will embrace vegetable
matter in some form, is supplied to the
young fish.

4. That owing to the minute particles
of food matter collected by newly
hatched salmonoids, it is doubtless im-
possible to distinguish with accuracy the
natural or instinctive selections made by
them, or to determine nutritive values.

5. That it will appear that suitable
natural food for salmonoids is abundant
in the waters wherever trout and salmon
spawn, and that the most available,
economical and scientific provision for
young salmonoids may be made in the
preparation and adaptation of sufficient
w r ater area in normal natural condition,
but subject to control as regards floods,
drouths, freezing to extremes, and the
exclusion of destructive animals. Con-
trolled areas of stream or prepared runs
should provide for the absolute regulation
of the water flow, and should contain
trap pools or other devices for collecting
the fish, excluding them at the end of
the spawning season, and finally reducing
the flow of water to a minimum for the
purpose of capturing the fry or young
as may be desired. — Bulletin of the
Bureau of Fisheries.

144

THE GAME BREEDER

THE MASKED BOB-WHITE.

This singularly colored quail, Elliot
says, is unlike any other species inhab-
iting America north of Mexico. It is
found in southern Arizona and Sonora,
Mexico, especially in the district lying
between the gulf coast of Sonora and
the Barboquivary range, and is abundant
between the last-named mountains and
the Plomoso. Mr. Hubert Brown, of
Tucson, Arizona, was the first to obtain
this bird within the limits of the United
States and he says that it is found on
the Sonoita Creek, about sixty miles
north of the Sonora line, and from the
Sonoita valley it ranges in a westerly
direction within Arizona territory for a
hundred miles through a strip of country
not thirty miles wide. In a wild state
this quail does not appear to be nearly
so abundant in the country it inhabits
(at least on our side of the line) as are
the other species of quail that are indig-
enous to our soil and inhabitants of the
same state. The masked quail found in
Arizona are apparently but an overflow
across our border from the main body of
birds in Sonora. They are met with in
the valley, on the table-lands and even
as high as 6,000 feet, two having been
killed at that elevation in the Huachucka
Mountains, in a canyon about fifteen
miles north of the border but nowhere
can they be considered abundant.

The masked quail has a call note which
resembles exactly that of the Northern
species and the habits of the two species
are very similar. * * * It is a very
handsome bird and in the sun the breast
of the male appears red and makes him
a very conspicuous object. The body is
plump and of about the same size as
Gambels quail. The female resembles
closely the Texas quail. The dimensions
given by Elliot are: Total length, 4^
inches; wing, 4}4 inches. Since the di-
mensions of the Northern bobwhite, as
given by the same author are: Tota 1
length about 9^ inches; wing, A T /z
inches, it would appear that our bobwhite
is the larger bird.

Mr. Herbert Brown, writing about this
bird in Forest and Stream, says in actual
size the Gambel quail is the larger, al-
though the masked quail is so plump that
it appears to overmatch the other bird.
Mr. Brown predicted that the introduc-
tion of live-stock into southern Arizona
bade fair to exterminate the masked bob-
white by the distribution of its nests and
eggs by horses and cattle as well as by
the eating of the cover among which it
lives. In 1909 he wrote that his predic-
tion had come true but said the bird ap-
peared to be getting a good foothold in
Sonora about seventy miles south of the
line.

Elliot says : "From having been taken
at as lofty an elevation as 6,000 feet it
would seem that this handsome species
was hardy and it might be a profitable
bird to introduce in the Northern States.

I once heard of several of these birds
being shot on Long Island, N. Y. The
sportsman who shot them described the
birds accurately and I contemplated
going with him to see if I could secure
a specimen. He said he had found the
covey on several occasions and since we
both had excellent dogs it seemed likely
we could find the birds. I was busy at
the time making some illustrations for a
magazine and shortly after finishing the
work I left the neighborhood not having
found the time to go in pursuit of the
masked bobwhite. I have always believed
the birds were introduced by one of the
many clubs which purchased and liber-
ated quail on the island.

The Game Conservation Society wishes
to secure a lot of these birds and several
members of the society will attempt to
make them abundant. The society will
pay a good price for the birds and it is
to be hoped some of the dealers will se-
cure them. They no doubt can be saved
from extinction and made plentiful if
some breeding stock is procured.

Subscribe for The Game Breeder, only
$1 a year.

THE GAME BREEDER

145

NOTES FROM THE GAME FARMS AND PRESERVES.

The Technique of Ant Eggs.

We received a letter from a member
of the Game Conservation Society ask-
ing how to separate the ants from the
eggs when he gathered them, "all mixed
up together," as the boarding house
keeper said in response to a request for
white meat by the one who passed his
plate: "White meat! dark meat; all
mixed up together!" he observed as he
filled the plate.

An excellent gamekeeper, to whom we
referred the inquiry, passed and sug-
gested that the Spratts, from whom he
said he procured all his ant eggs, might
know how to subdivide the mixture.

A letter from the Spratts informs us
that the ant eggs are all imported but
that importations have ceased probably
on account of the war.

We recently heard that the submarine
liner Deutschland had brought in valu-
able dye stuffs and a reader said that
was all very well but he wanted to know
when the submarine would bring the
genuine frankfurters and pilsner. Pos-
sibly when these valuable products are
brought over it will be found desirable
to add ant eggs to the cargo.

Meantime, as the Spratts suggest,
there is a good opportunity for an
American industry. We have plenty of
eggs. All we need to know is how to
prepare them for sale. We shall be glad
to hear from any reader who knows

the technique.

♦ ■

Editor The Game Breeder :

In your July issue you have a note on
ants.' eggs and express the hope that we
can throw some light on the subject.

Unfortunately we cannot.

We have never been able to buy them
in this country and have always import-
ed them. Lately the supply from
Europe has entirely ceased, probably due
to war conditions. We believe they could
be collected here in large quantities and

inexpensively. Surely this would be a
good opportunity for vacation work on
the part of students wishing to add to
their pocket money or help to pay their
way through college.

We have no personal knowledge of the
technique of ant-egg gathering and we
do not know how the eggs are separated
from the ants.

By the way, without having looked into
the matter, is not the so-called ant-egg of
commerce the advanced stage of the egg
or perhaps the pupa?

Spratt's Patent, Ltd.

Newark, N. J.

Quail Breeding.

One of our California readers says :
"We are located on ground which would'
hardly have been selected for quail breed-
ing and if we are as successful with them
as now seems likely it should silence all
skeptics. Our eggs have hatched well
and so far we are raising ninety-five per
cent, of the birds. I shall send you a
story about the quail breeding with some
photographs."

We heard recently about a very satis-
factory sale of a few thousand quail and
we hope it will not be long before breed-
ers sell these birds and their eggs as
freely as they now sell deer, ducks and
pheasants. The game laws intended to
protect the vanishing wild game surely
never were intended to apply to game
produced by industry and owned by game
breeders. We doubt if many game offi-
cers will be inclined in the future to pre-
vent the sale and shipping of any game
owned by breeders. If any do, they
should be reported to The Game Breeder.
We are always willing to bring cases of
interference by wardens to the attention
of State officers and we are pleased to
observe that the best of them see no ob-
jection to the sale of game for propaga-

IH-tc

145

THE GAME BREEDER

tion by those who own it. The State
game department surely was not created
to prevent the increase of game.

Mallard Mating.

One of our Iowa readers who has a
good flock of "genuine wild mallards"
writes at first he had trouble in mating
them but in the two years past they have
become so domesticated that they pay
little attention to any mating habits. He
says that the first copy of The Game
Breeder that he ever saw came to him
last April and he subscribed for it at
once. It was then too late to advertise
but he says "I will have an ad for you
next spring."

It is interesting to learn that the wild
mallards soon became polygamous, and it
is especially interesting to know that the
stock is pure. Eggs from such stock will
sell readily. We regret that our reader
says his letter is not for publication. We
always obey such instructions but we are
quite sure there will be no objection to
our stating one of the interesting facts
in the interesting letter.

Snakes.

The Game Conservation Society:

I noticed in a recent issue a story about
snakes. Now I do not pretend to know
much about snakes but I have killed a
lot of blacksnakes, both the water snakes
and the land variety on our various trout
streams in this section and almost with-
out exception I have found traces of
brook trout; in some cases the fish were
not yet swallowed and from that to
nearly digested fish.

It seems to me that these two snakes
should be classed with the rattlesnake and
copperhead as I believe they kill more
edible fish than all the fishermen in this
section, I mean in numbers not by
weight. Oscar S. Weed.

North Rose, New York.

Snake and Wild Turkey.
Perhaps you would be interested in a
little incident we had with a snake a few
days ago. My underkeeper was on a
ladder at the house when he heard a
young wild turkey, about three weeks

old, going through the brush at a good
speed and directly back of it was a 6 foot
6 inch blacksnake following within twen-
ty inches. My man got it with a club.
I did not know a snake could travel so
fast.

We are getting a lot of wood cats,
mink, skunks, hawks and one owl. It
seems as though we need vermin hunt-
ers. I have three men on the preserve
and each carries a gun, or has one within
easy reach when working.

Ohio. John R. Gammeter.

Breeding Wild Turkeys.

The Portage Heights Game Farms,
Akron, Ohio, reports the successful
breeding of wild turkeys as folows;
"From five hens and one torn turkey we
got 265 eggs. We have hatched and now
living 140 turkeys and we have more eggs
set. We feed exactly as we feed our
pheasants. The old birds are pinioned
and they have two acres of field and
brush. They are driven into a shed every
night to keep them tame. I am having
some wild stock trapped to add to my
flock. I think turkeys are much easier
to rear than pheasants although they
require a lot more territory. Our young
birds range over a half mile and come
home at night.

'We have 3,000 pheasants in the field
and sold 10,000 eggs."

A Quail Tent.

Mr. Wm. Mascall, a rancher residing
near the town of Daryville, Oregon, is
much interested in the preservation of
game birds. He found it difficult to
keep the snow swept clean where he was
feeding a covey of quail last winter and
finally conceived the idea of pitching a
tent, after which time the birds had no
difficulty in finding the feed at all times,
and it is said that they came to roost
there. — The Oregon Sportsman.

More Quail.

We recently heard of two sales of
several thousand live quail for propaga-
tion. In both cases the transactions were
entirely legal from our point of view.

THE GAME BREEDER

147

Pheasants, Ruffed Grouse, Trout and
Bass.

We would advise our readers who
wish to secure some good shooting and
fishing to write to the Longwood Valley
Sportsmen's Club, whose advertisement
appears on another page. The pictures
illustrating the article about this club in-
dicate that the ground should have many
grouse and woodcock. We are informed
there are some pheasants and quails and
that it is proposed to increase the num-
ber of these and other game birds. There
are also many deer on the ground in-
cluded in the preserve. The proposition
appears especially attractive. The people
interested are the right kind and full
particulars will be sent to anyone who
would like to know more about this at-
tractive place. Write to The Longwood
Club, care of Game Breeder, 150 Nassau
St., New York.

trouble referred to. We shall be glad to hear
from game keepers if any of them have en-
countered this disease or know what it is. The
matter will be referred by letter to scientists
who should know the disease if it is at all
common. — Editor.]

A New Duck Trouble.

Mr. C. H. Shaw, of the Arden Game
Farm, writes : "Do you happen to be
familiar with a difficulty which we are
having with some of our young ducks,
which develops at the age of about three
weeks with birds which have been doing
well up to that time? There is a swell-
ing below the eye, a little forward. Dis-
section shows the cavity there to be filled
with a cheesy pus and the same appears
on the top of the tongue near its base.
The bird loses its voice ; is finally unable
to eat and dies apparently of starvation.
This has occurred with three broods with
hens and with one artificially brooded
bunch. The loss from this trouble has
not been very great, but it appears to
be communicated from one to another.
In the beginning it looks as if the bird
had caught cold ; but it seems to progress
through the brood after that. I would be
glad if you would refer this to anyone
who may have information on the sub-
ject, in case you are not personally fa-
miliar with it."

[We have reared thousands of wild ducks
but never had any diseases, excepting the well
known "straddles" or sunstroke, due to the
heat, and cramDS. due to the young birds
getting into cold water. We have inspected
many more thousands of wild ducks on many
preserves and never observed or heard of the

What Is an Owl?

Mr. Montanus of the Middle Island
Club sends the following:

A lady selecting a hat at a milliner's
asked, cautiously: "Is there anything
about these feathers that might bring me
into trouble with the Bird Protection So-
ciety?" "Oh, no, madam," said the mil-
liner. "But did they not belong to some
bird?" persisted the lady. "Well, mad-
am," returned the milliner pleasantly
"these feathers are the feathers of a
howl; and the howl, you know, madam,
seein' as 'ow fond 'e is of mice, is more
of a cat than a bird." — Philadelphia Star.

[Referred to the Audubon Society. — Edi-
tor.]

♦

Shall the Farm Be Purchased.

Editor The Game Breeder :

I am about to purchase a farm of 250
acres in Virginia and before doing so I
wish to ascertain ifT can raise game on
it. Do the Virginia laws permit game
breeding and the sale of game?

New York. R. Q

[We are expecting daily to receive a copy
of the new law enacted and we will announce
its terms later. It creates the office of game
commissioner, and we suggest that you write
to this officer at Richmond, Virginia, also the
parties whose names and addresses are in-
closed, who are raising and selling game in
that State. If the new law does not expressly
permit the sale of pheasants, turkeys, ducks,
quail and other game produced by industry,
we believe it will be safe for you to go right
ahead and breed and sell all you can. We
doubt if anyone will ever be arrested again
anywhere for producing food on a farm. The
singularity of this old crime does not appeal to
modern courts, and the tendency everywhere
is to acquit prisoners charged with food pro-
ducing.

Of course, should you purchase the farm it
will be worth more when all doubt about your
being able to use it as desired is removed. If
we find there is danger of game farmers being
arrested in Virginia, we will let you know and
suggest another State for your business. —

Editor.]

-♦

More Game and Fewer Game Laws.

Ii8

THE GAME BREEDER

THE STATE AND THE HAWK.

Mr. Joseph W. Lippincott, Bethayres,
Pa., writing about the $1 bounty paid
for hawks in Ohio in The Guide to Na-
ture, deplores the fact that thousands of
valuable hawks must perish and be thus
lost to communities as mousers and in-
sect destroyers in order that a few ras-
cals in their ranks may pay the just pen-
alty of misdeeds.

It does seem a pity for the State to
encourage the destruction of all hawks,
if such be the case. Some hawks do
comparatively little damage and undoubt-
edly they do much good.

We have no doubt that Mr. Lippincott,
who says he is a farmer and bird lover,
will agree with us that it is proper on
game farms to control the hawks which
are observed to be eating game. He is
aware, no doubt, that when game birds
are made abundant for profit or for sport
and kept so no hawks are needed to
destroy insects. Often there are not
enough insects to fully supply the needs
of the game and on some preserves it
has been found necessary to purchase
some insect food and to supply crissel,
made by the Spratts, and other animal
food for the over-abundant game. As to
the rodents on game farms, the pheas-
ants, like poultry, will destroy mice and
a few smart terriers will destroy more
rodents than a good flock of hawks will
destroy. The game farmer who pro-
duces game for profit or for sport should
decide what is beneficial and what is
harmful and act accordingly. This he
usually does.

We are by no means in favor of the
total destruction of all of the harmful
species. We enjoy seeing the high soar-
ing hawk and do not object to his striking
a game bird once in a while, but we
believe he should have to hustle past a
pretty good gamekeeper to indulge his
appetite for game, and that is just what
happens on most game farms and pre-
serves.

Mr. Lippincott complains about an
Ohio law. We believe in his own State
poison is largely used by the State au-
thorities to destroy many species of ver-
min and the State has or had a hawk
bounty law. We do not pretend to know

what the laws are at any time in all of
the States. They are changed too often
for any one to know what they are.

♦•

Hay Fever.

The Game Breeder does not accept
every advertisement that comes along.
Since the magazine is supported by
members of the Game Conservation So-
ciety it has been deemed wise to care-
fully consider an advertisement before
accepting it. The hay fever cure adver-
tised in this issue has been indorsed by
reputable people who have been bene-
fited by it. It has been submitted to
authorities, National and State, who have
decided that it is certainly not injurious.
Hay fever comes at a bad time of the
year for prairie-chicken shooters and
bass-anglers and we would advise the
afflicted to write and get the numerous
testimonials which have been given the
advertiser by those who have been bene-
fited.

The discoverer is a good pheasant
breeder and having given the remedy to
friends, whose friends in turn wished to
try it, an endless chain was soon created,
he says, which required too much postage
for free distribution.

Indian Violators in Colorado.

The year 1914 has been no exception
as regards the invasion of Colorado by
the Indians from the Uintah and Ouray
Reservations in Utah. It has been the
custom of these Indians to organize a-
band and cross the borders of our State
in the vicinity of the Douglas and Pi-
ceance Creeks, southwest of Rangely in
Rio Blanco County. These trips are
usually made in the fall of the year,
while the deer are coming down from
their summer haunts to the winter feed-
ing grounds.

Early in October the department re-
ceived advices to the effect that a band
of one hundred Indians, with wagons,
tents, and a large number of horses, had
crossed our border, and were encamped
in the Douglas Creek district. I reported
this matter to the Bureau of Indian Af-
fairs at Washington, and dispatched sev-
eral wardens to the Indian camp, with

THE GAME BREEDER

149

instructions to persuade them to leave
Colorado.

The Indians were located about sixty
miles southwest of Meeker, and it was
found that they had killed but two deer.
Wardens from this department gave the
Indians forty-eight hours in which to
leave the State, pitched their own camp
a few miles distant, and awaited develop-
ments. On the eve of the second day
the wardens were happily surprised in
noting that the Indians had decided to
leave, and escorted them to the Utah
border.

I have received assurances from the
Bureau of Indian Affairs at Washington
to the effect that orders have been issued
to the superintendent in charge at Fort
Duchesne, Utah, that the Indians be re-
tained on the reservation and not allowed
to hunt in Colorado. The Indian super-
intendent, upon receiving these instruc-
tions, immediately dispatched Indian po-
lice who aided our department materially
in ridding Colorado of these game vio-
lators. — Report of Game and Fish Com-
missioners.

Mining in Two Inches of Ground.

In a note sent by the du Pont Com-
pany, .we are informed that lead mining
on trap shooting grounds is profitable.
Trap shooters have the same shooting
grounds year after year, "week in and
week out," and since the gunners stand
on the same old line the shot falls on a
comparatively small area where it can be
collected.

The method of securing the lead is
simple. The ground is skimmed about
one and a half inches deep. The top soil
is put in piles and when dry it is sifted
by screens run by a gasoline engine.

Twenty-three tons of lead were pro-
cured in front of the traps of the du
Pont Gun Club.

movement discussed and added that The
Game Breeder was always mentioned in
the conversation which occurred.

The words "more game" are used to
end letters. "Yours for more game"
started by somebody.

"MORE!"

More game ; more fish ; fewer game
laws are now common and oft-repeated
words from the Atlantic to the Pacific.

A traveler from the West coast called
recently on The Game Breeder and said
that everywhere he went he heard the
more game idea and the more game

"More" Frankfurters.

Dyes are important, of course, but how
far behind the Deutschland is the unter-
seeboot bearing the genuine frankfurters
and the tanks of Pilsner?

— ♦

OUTINGS AND INNINGS.

Why are Pheasants like gate-posts?
Because they propagate.

♦

Where Dog Was Useful.

"Why don't you get rid of that dog,
son? He is useless and has no spirit."
"He's a big help to me in the junk busi-
ness, dad. Comes home early every day
with a kettle tied to his tail." — Louis-
ville Courier Journal.

Wildcat in Hunters' Lodge.

At Philipsburg, Pa., when members of
the Crystal Springs Hunting Club visited
their quarters in the Clearfield County
woods recently they were confronted by
a big wildcat. When it showed fight it
was quickly despatched. It weighed
nearly fifty pounds and was more than
four feet long.

Who Was He?

"Father," said a boy of twelve, "who
was Shylock?"

"What!" exclaimed his father, "have
I sent you to Sunday School for the past
six or seven years, only to have you ask
me who Shylock was? Shame on you!
Get your Bible and find out this minute !"
Western Farm Life.

A couple of little boys were discussing
matters personal to themselves. One of
them asked:

"Do you say your prayers in the morn-
ing or at night?"

"At night, of course," said the other.
"Anybody can take care of himself in
the daytime!"

150

THE GAME BREEDER

T**5 Game Breeder

Published Monthly

Edited by DWIGHT W. HUNTINGTON

NEW YORK, AUGUST, 1916.

TERMS:

10 Cents a Copy — $1.00 a year in Advance.

Postage free to all subscribers in the United States.
To All Foreign Countries and Canada, $i 25.

The Game Conservation Society, Inc.
publishers, 150 nassau st., new york

D. W. Huntington, President,

F. R. Peixotio, Treasurer,

J. C Huntington, Se< retary.
Telephone, Beekman 3685.

"The State owns the game." — Game
Protectionist.
Does the State own the snakes ?

game by ambush or by a stealthy ap-
proach. We hope the story about the
attempt of the blacksnake to run down
a wild turkey will prompt other readers
to contribute to our snake lore.

Ever since Warren Leach, an Illinois
game breeder, pointed out that the State
did not own his buffaloes, elk, deer, wild
geese and other game, there seems to
have been a decided doubt everywhere
if the State owns all of the game. Many
game farmers now show more game per
acre than the State ever dreamed of and
the States wisely are permitting the
owners of game to sell it. "More sales,
more game," of course.

AN INTERESTING REPORT.

We are especially interested in the re-
ports from the Portage Heights Game
Farm, published in this issue.

The proprietor wrote some time ago
that he had expended about ten thousand
dollars on game protection, "foolishly as
I see it now. Your paper opened my
eyes."

It must be gratifying to the eye to ob-
serve 3,000 pheasants and a big lot of
wild turkeys on a farm where a few
years ago there were only game law re-
strictions which prevented the owner
from having any game. We hope before
long to hear of the sale of a few thou-
sand quail from this interesting place.
Easily they can be bred wild in the fields
and woods now that the "woods-cats,"
snakes and other vermin are vanishing
before an armed force of three guns.

Three thousand quail easily will sell
for $5,000. The force now on the" ground
can produce them since if "the keepers
look after the vermin the game will look
after itself," as Owen Jones said about
the gray partridges.

^»»

"MORE" SNAKES.

The more game we have the more
snakes will surely be destroyed, no matter
who owns them. Mr. Williams did a
public service when he sent the article,
"Snakes and Snakes," which was pub-
lished in The Game Breeder for June.

Last, month we heard about what the
snakes do in North Carolina ; in this issue
breeders in New York and Ohio tell us
about their (?) snakes. The' pursuit of
a young wild turkey by a snake is espe-
cially interesting and timely now that the
wild turkeys are becoming abundant as
a sporting bird. We have always known
that the snake was speedy but in most
cases we observed that he secured his

OUR QUAILS OR PARTRIDGES.

We are more and more convinced not
alone from experiments made by the
editor of The Game Breeder but also
from the practical results obtained _ by a
large number of quail clubs and inter-
ested preserve owners that the best
method of breeding quail or partridges
for sport is to breed the birds in a wild
state in protected fields which have been
made especially safe and attractive. The
partridges of the old world have been
made tremendously abundant in many
places by the methods we advise and
these birds are similar in their breeding
habits to our American species.

Wild birds, undoubtedly, produce the
healthiest offspring just as wild trout and
other fishes do. The young birds in the

THE GAME BREEDER

151

care of their natural parents quickly
learn to be on their guard against natural
enemies and they are taught to seek the
natural foods which vary with the sea-
sons. Hand-reared quail are without ex-
perience when they are liberated and,
since the natural enemies of game are
far more abundant in America than they
are in countries where the game is prop-
erly looked after, and where vermin is
closely controlled, the birds reared in
captivity often fall an easy prey to the
natural enemies.

A knowledge of hand-rearing is valu-
able since it is desirable to save the eggs
from nests which have been exposed by
farm machinery and from nests in ex-
posed situations. It should be regarded
only as a supplemental work; the main
effort should be to produce the birds
abundantly in every field. It has been
found an easy and inexpensive matter to
make the birds as abundant as they
should be without resort to any artificial
methods. The hand rearing of pheasants
and wild ducks is highly desirable in
America as it has been found to be in the
older countries where large numbers of
birds are produced on comparatively
small areas both for sport and for profit.

We should follow the methods of the
older countries in the handling of our
quail or partridges, and these methods
are almost exclusively wild breeding
methods both in England and on the Con-
tinent of Europe.

The Game Conservation Society will
publish, early in the fall, a practical
book on quail breeding for sport and for
profit. The results obtained on many
farms in America will be fully described
and illustrated with diagrams showing
how to make the fields safe and attrac-
tive. There will be a chapter on hand
rearing, giving the experience of many
American breeders who have been suc-
cessful in rearing quail in captivity and
suggestions as to the places where sue
tame game should be liberated.

We have about an hundred members
who are hand-rearing quail or who have
done so successfully — that is to say, they
have reared a few, and in some cases a
few hundred quail. One of these breed-

ers says the hand-reared quail cannot be
sold for less than $25 per dozen. It is
significant that we have many more hun-
dreds of members who are breeding
quail in a wild state and that they safely
shoot a few hundred birds the first sea-
son and often thousands of quail are shot
every season thereafter. These are quail
which would have been eaten by snakes,
foxes, hawks, skunks, crows, et al., had
not the laws permitted the owners of the
birds to breed them and to shoot them.
Shooting in America as elsewhere can be
made to produce a big lot of game every
season — enough for all of the people to
have quail on their tables.

MORE WATER.

The more we think about the subject
the more we are convinced that the wild
ducks need "more" water in many States
far more than they need "more" game
laws. The draining of highly desirable
breeding grounds still goes on. Railways
are constructed through the compara-
tively limited areas where the canvasback
and the other desirable wild fowl nested
in great abundance. A little illegal shoot-
ing on the nest grounds and the destruc-
tion by abundant cats and other vermin
precedes the draining which, of course,
puts an end to the wild fowl in the
neighborhood. Let us have "more water"
and "fewer game laws."

It has always seemed strange that
there should be no objection to a land
owner draining his marshes or to the
State or province running big ditches
through the duck breeding grounds and
putting an end to the game when there
is opposition to the saving of some of
the marshes for profitable wild duck
breeding. Fortunately the objection is
vanishing rapidly and the sportsmen who
do nothing but secure more laws are be-
ginning to realize that it is a good idea to
have "more game" and that a big lot of
wild ducks will fly out from marshes
which are not drained where large num-
bers are bred for sport and for profit.
It. is highly important to save some of
the marshes and to keep them quiet dur-
ing the breeding season.

152

THE GAME BREEDER

GIVE THE QUAIL AND GROUSE
A CHANCE.

We consented reluctantly or perhaps
the situation would be better stated by
saying that we took our medicine, when
the amendments proposed to reform the
absurd Bayne law were cut down so as
to only permit game breeders to breed
pheasants, ducks and deer. The absurd-
ity of only permitting breeders to look
after the species which least need their
attention and of threatening them with a
jail sentence if they should dare to look
after our splendid indigenous birds was
so evident that we were indignant at the
idea of a compromise.

The absurd idea advanced in the orig-
inal bill was that all birds and even rab-
bits should be "protected" at all times in
so far as making it worth while for any
one to look after them was concerned.
The amendments which we desired
made it legal to look after any species
profitably. When the chairman of the
Senate Committee, Senator Franklin D.
Roosevelt, suggested to the writer that
if the breeders be permitted to breed the
mallards, ducks and deer, it would not
be long before other species could be
added to the list and that the compro-
mise would make the passage of the bill
easier we believed, as he did, that it
would not be long before the legislature
could be induced to give the quail,
grouse, wild turkeys and other desirable
game the same chance for a rapid in-
crease in numbers as was given to mal-
lards, black ducks, pheasants and deer.
The time has now arrived.

We wish to see the laws amended so
as to make it legal to profitably produce
grouse, quail, wild turkeys and any other
species of game. It seems absurd to
think that it may take a year or two for
this common sense idea to prevail in
New York. We are pleased to observe
that other States already have accepted
the idea and that in many States it no
longer is a criminal offense to produce
any species of food on a farm.

Our plans for the future include the
restoration of quail on toast, broiled teal,
roast wild turkey and many other desir-
able dishes, and we shall never cease to
demand, for game breeders, the right to

produce profitably and abundantly the
birds which most need their attention.

We have been willing to consent to a
certain amount of license and tag "fool-
ishness," as Mr. Talbot calls the licensing
of breeders and the tagging of game.
We insist, however, that the charge for
the permits should be nominal, as it is in
many States or nothing as it is in Massa-
chusetts, and that the charge for the
identification tags should not be more
than a few cents for a handful (as the
charge for trout tags recently was made
in New York) and not 5 cents for each
tag. As we have pointed out a reason-
able tagging system (the State furnish-
ing the tags to reputable breeders at the
cost of production) is in a way beneficial
to the breeders since it is a safeguard
against the theft and illegal sale of their
game by poachers.

The first thing of importance on our
program is the amendment of the laws
in all States, where amendments still are
necessary, so as to permit the profitable
breeding of all species. The entire non-
sense in the Bayne bill should have been
eliminated at the time when a good part
of it was knocked out by the combined
efforts of the Hotel Men's Associations,
the game dealers, the game breeders and
a lot of good sportsmen, who worked
harmoniously and with some success as
is evidenced by the many thousands of
pheasants and ducks which now are
reared in New York and in other States
which copied the New York law.

Will It Come to This?

The days of the hunting dog are num-
bered. There will, no doubt, be a move-
ment started to wipe the hunting dog
off the map. Farmers who have hereto-
fore been driven to distraction by dogs
running their stock will have an oppor-
tunity at the next election to vote
against the nuisance. — Silverton Appeal

Oregon.

♦ —

Wild Turkeys in the South.

Mr. Edmond A. Mcllhenny in his ex
cellent book, "The Wild Turkey and Its
Hunting," says: "There are thousands
of acres in the South which once were

THE GAME BREEDER

15a

cultivated, but which are now aband-
oned and growing up with timbers, brush
and grass. Such country affords splen-
did opportunity for the rearing and per-
petuation of the wild turkey. These
lands are vastly superior for this pur-
pose than are the solid primeval forests,
inasmuch as they afford a great variety
of summer food, such as green, tender
herbage, berries of many kind, grass-
hoppers by the million, and other insects
in which the turkeys delight. Such a
country also affords good nesting re-
treats, with briar-patches and straw
where the nest may be safely hidden,
and where the young birds may secure
safe hiding places from animals and
birds of prey; but alas! at present not
from trappers, baiters, and pot hunters.
Check these and the abandoned planta-
tions of the South would soon be alive
with turkeys,"

The quail, or partridge, as they call
bobwhite in the South, also can be made
to swarm on the places Mr. Mclllhenny
describes provided gamekeepers be em-
ployed to control the natural enemies of
the grouse as well as the trappers, bait-
ers and pot hunters referred to by Mr.
Mcllhenny. I have seen the quail so
abundant on such places that the dogs
pointed a second covey often before we
reached the scattered birds of the first
covey. I have seen places where it is
perfectly safe to shoot thousands of
quail and many turkeys every season.
If the laws be amended so as to permit
sportsmen of small means to rent the
shooting on such places and sell some of
the game to help pay expenses thousands
of guns soon can have fine shooting in
places where now there is none and at
very small expense.

The sale of some of the game at pres-
ent prices would pay all the expenses, I
am sure and soon double the value of the
lands used for game.

Fur Farming, written and published
by A. R. Harding. Price, 60 cents.

Hunting Dogs. By Oliver Hartley*
A. R. Harding Publishing Co. Price,.
60 cents.

These little books should interest many
readers of The Game Breeder. The
Science of Trapping describes the prac-
tical methods for capturing fur-bearing
animals, the control of many of which is
deemed necessary and advisable on game
farms and preserves.

Fox Trapping is important since the
fox is one of the worst enemies of game
and it is a most difficult animal to con-
trol unless one knows how.

Fur Farming contains much practical
information about the habits of the fur-
bearers and tells how to trap them.

Hunting Dogs describes the handling
of game dogs and the training and man-
agement of dogs used for night hunt-
ing as well as for daylight sport.

The Usual Results.

Editor Game Breeder:

The small advertisement I placed in
your most valuable paper sold all my
pheasants old and young that I wished
to dispose of. If I had hundreds more
ring-necks I could have sold them all.
Mrs. S. S. Hirsch.

Illinois.

Book Reviews.

The Science of Trapping, by E. Kreps.
Revised edition. A. R. Harding pub-
lisher. Price, 60 cents.

Fox Trapping, edited and published by
A. R. Hardin?. Price 60 cents.

I have had some offers of a dollar each
for wild eggs through the Game Breeder,,
but I did not supply them as it would
pay me better, with the number of birds
I have, to set all the eggs; the grown
birds bring from twenty to twenty-five
dollars. This is not an exorbitant price
at all, for the wild poults are certainly
more difficult to raise than those of do-
mestic turkeys.

♦

No wonder the game vanishes. Per-
mits are issued for a dollar for every
one to destroy it. Permits are refused
to those who would take a few birds
alive in order to breed them and multiply
their numbers. •

154

THE GAME BREEDER

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system is up to date and stands nneqoaled.

New Edition Just Oat. Illustrated.
A tlain, practical and concise, yet thorough guide
in the art of framing, handling and the correcting
of faults of the bird doj subservient to the gun
afield. Written especially for the novice, but
equally valuable to the experienced handler. By
following the instructions plainly given, every
shooter possessed of a little common sense and
patience can train his own dogs to perfection.
Paper cover, $1.00; best full cloth binding and gold
embossed, $1.50. Address

THE GAME BREEDER, 150 Nassau Street, N. Y.

Membership in Private Hunting and Fishing Preserve

The Longwood Valley Sportsmen's Club, Controlling the Fishing and
Hunting Preserve of the late U. S. Senator John Kean in Upper Longwood
Valley, Northern New Jersey, invites inquiries from Sportsmen for Mem-
bership, which is both limited and exclusive. Deer, Pheasants, Quail,
Partridge Abundant; also Brook, Rainbow and Brown Trout, Large and.
Small Mouth Bass in Lakes and Streams. Two hours by auto from New
York.
Address LONGWOOD VALLEY SPORTSMEN'S CLUB, care The Game Breeder,

150 Nassau Street, New York City

THE GAME BREEDER

155

Good Quail Shooting Near New York

1 have under lease a most desirable Shooting area near New York City.
The Quail shooting now is very good and there are some Ruffed Grouse, Rabbits
etc. This shooting can be made much better than it is provided more attention
be paid to the cats and other vermin. I wish to secure two or three guns to
share the expense. The ground is well known to the Editor of the Game Breeder
and I refer to him with his permission. For further particulars, address

DESIRABLE,

Care
of

The Game Breeder,

150 Nassau Street,
NEW YORK.

Game Breeders' Supplies

WIRE-COOPS-TRAPS

Egg Turners, fgg Boxes for Shipping, Etc.

-AND"

all Appliances for Game farms and Preserves

We have a new Pheasant Egg Box
especially suitable for State Game
Departments and Game Farms which
ship large numbers of eggs in small
quantities.

Write for Prices and Information.

F, T. OAKES

ROOM 622,
THE SUN BUILDING, NEW YORK

This Kit was suggested by the well known
author and scout master, Edward Cave. It is
compact, light in weight, inexpensive and
serviceable. The mess-kit consists of: —

Fry-pan, Bread-pan, Suspension Bail, Cooking Pot,

Tin Plate, Tin Cup, Carving Knife, Knife Sheath,

Table Fork, Teaspoon, Tablespoon and Khaki Bag.

Delivered free in the U.S. A $1.35

Cave Hiker's Packsack

The best pack to carry medium weight loads.
There are six pockets inside and straps without
for attaching blanket. Big enough for an over-
night equipment, but weighs only one pound.

Cave Hiker's Packsack, delivered, $1.75
"Pocahontas" Squaw Bag, delivered, 1.25

Sporting Goods Catalog

Hundreds of articles for the Camper,
Explorer, Fisherman and Hunter are de-
scribed in our "Sportsman's Handbook"
and catalog. There are 336 pages, in-
cluding game pictures and " talks " by
Powhatan Robinson, telling how, when
and where to Camp, Fish and Hunt and
many "kinks" in wildcraft.
This book sent free if you mention No. 266.

NewYorkSporting Goods Coj

15 and 17 Warren St.,NewYork.

Shooting Clubs and Game Farms

The Game Breeder has assisted in the formation of many shooting clubs and game
farms. We are preparing a booklet on this subject, containing testimonials. Those who
desire information on either subject, or information about the new Game Breeders' laws,
are requested to write to us. The service is free to those who state that they deal with
advertisers in The Game Breeder and who are contributing members of The Game Con-
servation Society or subscribers to The Game Breeder. Letters should be addressed to the

Information Department of THE GAME BREEDER, 150 Nassau Street, New York

156

THE GAME BREEDER

CLASSIFIED ADVERTISEMENTS

Announcements inserted under this head in small type for 3 cents per word.
If displayed in heavy type, 5 cents per word. No adveriisemeut accepted for less
than 30 cents. Postage stamps accepted in payment;

THE GAME

150 Nassau Street

BREEDER

New Tork City

LIVE GAME

PHEASANT AND JAPANESE PHOENIX FOWL
Eggs for sale; several varieties. S V. REEVES, 114
E. Park Ave., Haddonfield, N. J.

„ * WANTED, PHEASANTS.

FOR FALL DELIVERY TWO THOUSAND FULL
winged ring neck pheasants, must be healthy, safe
delivery guaranteed. State price and particulars.
A, East Hampton P. O., Long Island, New York.

QUAIL, PARTRIDGES, WILD FOWL. DEER AND
r.,1 t ,r her anima ' s ^ee display advertisement in this issue.
WM. J MACKENSEN, Proprietor Pennsylvania Pheas-
antry and Game Park.

CANADA WILD GEESE AND THEIR GOSLINGS—
A limited number for sale now— the surest way to start
breeding this species. We are the oldest ana largest
breeders of Canadas in this country Black and White
Swans. Wild Ducks, etc , for sale. WHEALTON WATER
FOWL FARMS, Chincoteague Island. Va.

WILD TURKEY'S— For prices see display advertisement
tn this issue. W. J. MACKENSEN, Yardley, Bucks
County, Pa.

FOR SALE— Pheasants and eggs. Everything in the
pheasant family. Pamphlet with order free. BUCK-
WOOD PHEASANTRIES, Dunfield, Warren Co., New
Jersey. dot)

FOR SALE -BUFFALO AND ELK IN CAR LOAD
lots or single. Deer, Antelope, Beaver, Mink, Mountain
Lion, Pheasants and Game Birds. Eggs in season.
KENDRICK PHEASANTRIES, Coronado Building,
Denver, Colorado. 7.76

PURE BRED WILD WATERFOWL AT FOLLOW,
ing prices: Mallards, $3.00 per pair. Pintails, $2.50 per
pair. Green Wing Teal, $4.00 per pair. Blue Wii g Teal,
$300 per pair. Al.=o relheads, Gadwalls, Widgeons,
Canvasbacks, Spoonbills, at reasonable prices, for propa-
gating and scientific purposes. GEORGE J. KLEIN,
Ellinwood, Kansas.

SAN LORENZO GAME FARM — BREEDER OF
all kinds of pheasants; eggs in season; also birds
for sale at all times Visitors welcome. Write for
price list. Mrs S. MATTHIESSEN, San Lorenzo,
Alameda Co., California. y-rb

CALIFORNIA ASSOCIATED PHEASANT BREED-
ERS. Pheasants. Quail. Mallard price list. FRED D.
HOYT, Hayward, Cal.

GAME EGGS

FIRST PRIZE WINNING RINGNECK PHEASANTS.
Place your orders for stock and eggs now, also several
varieties of bantams and hares. Prices reasonable.
CHAS. G. BOLTON, Zieglerville, Penn.

PHEASANT EGGS FOR SALE; STRICTLY FRFSH
and fertile. I am now booking orders for string and
summer. Amherst, Golden, Silver. GRAY PHEAS-
ANTRIES, Ward Street, Orange, New Jersey.

LIVE MALLARD DECOYS THAT BRING THE
ducks in swarms. Free handy staking apparatus and
convenient carrying crate with order. 10% discount if you
place order before September 1st. Write for testimonials,
photos and prices. CLYDE B. TERRELL, Wisconsin
Licensed State Mallard Farm, Dept. P, Oshkosh, Wis.

GAME BIRD* WANTED

WANTED— MONGOLIAN AND R1NGNECK PHEAS-
ANTS and deer for breeding. Also cub bear. Give
description and prices. CLARE WILLARD, Allegany.
\'ew York.

WANTED— WHITE PEAFOWL, EITHER SEX,
Pied Peafowl Soemmerring, Cheer, Hcki and German
Peacock Pheasants, Ruffed Grouse, and White Squirrels.
Also Swinhoes; state price and number. R. A. CHILES
& CO., Mt Sterling. Ky.

DEER WANTED -Wanted, one pair of adult fallow deer.
State price. A C. C, care of The Game Breeder, 150
Nassau St., N. Y. City.

GAMEKEEPERS

GAMEKEEPER REQUIRES SITUATION. UNDER-
stands all duties. Best references from Europe and
this country. Address M. F.. care of The Game Breeder,
150 Nassau Street, New York.

WANTED-SITUATION
As Superintendent or Manager on a game farm or
preserve. Experienced in game and poultry breed'ng.
Good reason for desiring change of location. Would
take an interest in a game farm to breed game com-
mercially. Address C. McM., office of The Game
Breeder, 150 Nassau Street, New York City.

WANTED SITUATION, GAMEKEEPER— EXCEL-

lent references. Pheasants, ducks, dog breaking. Good
reason for leaving present situation. P. E. L., care
Game Breeder, 150 Nassau St., New York.

GAME KEEPER
WANTS SITUATION-SKILLFUL PHEASANT
an 1 wild duck breeder. Best of references and good
reason for wishing to leave present situation. Write
for copies of recommendations. P. R. T., care
Game Breeder, 150 .Nassau St., N. Y. City.

In writing to advertisers please mention The Game Breeder or sign your letters: "Yours for More Game."

THE GAME BREEDER

157

WANTED SITUATION AS SUPERINTENDENT OF
game farm or preserve. American, with experience in
rearing wild mallards and pheasants for stocking or shoot-
ing. A man thoroughly able to take all responsibility, with
best references in the country. AMERICAN, care of
Game Breeder, 150 Nassau St., New York.

HEAD KEEPER WANTS POSITION ON' SHOO V-
ing preserve. Understands breeding of pheasants, wild
ducks, quail, etc., and all duties of head keeper. Best of
references from former American employers. Good reason
for desiring a change. J. E. J., care Game Breeder, 150
Nassau .' t., New York.

SITUATION WANTED, GAME KEEPER— EXPERI-
enced, understands thoroughly the care of game, age 21,
nationality English. References. B. R., care of Game
Breeder, 150 Nassau St., New York.

REAL ESTATE

BUNGALOW FOR SALE OR RENT

HAVE WELL BUILT BUNGALOW IV THE MOUN-
tainsof Ulster Co., N.Y.,2h:>ursfrom N.Y. City and half-
hour from Poughkeepsie. Bungalow contains 6 rooms,
good artesian well and first-class outbuildings. Will rent
furnished or unfurnished for the comingsummer. Address
E. DAYTON, 26 Bergen Ave., Jersey Ciiy, N. J.

FOODS

WILD DUCKS' NATURAL FOODS Will attract
them, these foods collected, examinations made, plant-
ings planned and superintended. Write for free infor-
mation. CLYDE B TERRELL, Specialist on the Natural
F-jods of Wild Ducks, Dept. Pi, Oshkosh, Wis.

MEAL WORMS FOR BIRDS, FOR SALE BY THE

hundred or in large quantities. 25c. per hundred. Write
for prices for larger lots. WM. STOFKREGN, 124-126
4th Ave.. New York City.

MISCELLANEOUS

REARING PHEASANTS IN SMALL ENCLOSURES.
Price, 20 Cents. It contains nothing that has not been
thoroughly and successfully tried out in actual practice
S. V. REEVES. Haddonfield, N. J.

SEND 25 CENTS FOR INFORMATION AND PRICE
list of the most profitable furbearing animal, the Black
Siberian Hare. SIBERIAN HARE CO., Hamilton,
Canada.

AIREDALE PUPPIES, Br ST BREEDING, MANY
champions in pedigree. Also Golden Pheasant Eggs.
MRS. A. E. THOMPSON, Willian sburg, Va.

WANTED— BIRD DOGS FOR TRAINING. TWENTY-
seven years' experience in training Grouse Dogs. Good
references. Terms reasonable, satisfaction guaranteed.
A. E SEIDEL, Danville, Pa,

BROOK TROUT HATCHERY FOR SALE— THOU-
sands trout in ponds. Physical conditions perfect.
Dwelling, 11 acres Worth $12,000.00. Make offer.
Address XXX, Game Breeder.

CROW CALL
should help to kill off our worst game enemy. A Crow
Call will help you get some excellent shots and do worlds of
good. Price 65c. A. V. LINDQUIST, Alexandria, Minn.

CALIFORNIA VALLEY QUAIL IN EXCHANGE FOR
Bob-whites, bird for bird Eegs for sale Ring Neck
Pheasan's, $2 50 per 15. Quail, $2.00 per 15. Kggs shipped
on receipt of price Fertility guaranteed. Address
JOSEPH KETCHUM, 303 17th Street, Pacific Grove, Calif.

DOGS

NORWEGIAN BEAR DOGS, IRISH WOLFHOUNDS,
English bloodhounds, Russian wolfhounds, American fox-
hounds, lion, cat, deer, wolf, coon and varmint dogs. All
trained. Shipped on trial. Satisfaction guaranteed or
money refunded Purchaser to decide. Fifty page hghly
illustrated catalogue, 5c. stamp. ROOKWOOD KEN-
NELS, Lexington, Kentucky.

THE BLUE GRASS FARM KENNELS, of Berry, Ky.,
oflerforsale setters and pointers, fox and cat hounds
wolf and deer nounds. Coon and opossum hounds, var,
mint and rabbit hounds, beai and lion hounds, also Aire-
dale terriers. All dogs shipped on trial, purchaser to
judge the quality, satisfaction guaranteed or money re-
funded. Sixiy page, highly illustrated, instructive and
interesting catalogue for ten cents in stamps or coin.

GENUINE BLACK SILVER FOX PUPS FOR SALE.

We board your foxes, guarantee them or build your
ranch for you. for information write New Hampshire
McNeill Black Silver Fox Co., or R J. McNeill, PENA-
COOK, New Hampshire

FOR SALE— GREAT DANE TWO YEARS OLD.
Handsome animal, excellent watchdog. MRS. S. S.
HIRSCH, 45th Place, Lyons, 111.

INDEPENDENCE, KflNSflST

A SPEEDY RELIEF TO HAY-FEVER SUFFERERS

In writing to advertisers please mention The Game Breeder or sign your letters: "Yours for More Game.'

158

THE GAME BREEDER

GAME BIRDS

POR PROPAGATING PURPOSES

Golden, Silver, Amherst, Reeves Pheasants at reasonable prices.
I also am booking orders for ring-neck Pheasants reared on my
preserve for delivery in early fall.

I also have rare land and waterfowl from all parts of the world.
Prices quoted for the asking.

JOHN HEYWOOD, Gardner, Mass.

Farms for the Propagation of Wild Fowl.

WILD DUCKS
MUST EAT

You can attract wild ducks and
other game, and propagate game and
fish more successfully, and at less
expense, by making natural feeding
grounds.

I develop natural feeding grounds
for game and fish on your preserve.

Planting material including Sago
Pondweed, Wild Rice, Wild Celery,
Wapato and many others is properly
collected and shipped in season with
complete planting plans and instruc-
tions.

Write for free booklet," Wild Duck Foods"

CLYDE B. TERRELL

Specialist on Natural Game and Fish Foods
Dept. P. OSHKOSH, WIS.

Portage Heights Game Farms

2000 Acres
AKRON, OHIO

Wild Turkeys
Ringnecked Pheasants

To successfully rear Wild Turkeys

and Pheasants use

Germicide— #1.00 per gallon.

For Birds, Eggs or Germicide
Address

J. R. GAMMETER,

Portage Heights Game Farms, North Portage Path

AKRON, OHIO

In writing to advertisers please mention The Game Breeder or sign your letters: "Yours for More Game.'*

THE GAME BREEDER

159

Our Wild Fowl and Waders

A Practical Book on the Breeding of Wild Fowl
for Sport and for Profit

With Numerous Illustrations.

Contains chapters on the Preservation of Snipe and Woodcock.

Many readers of the Game Breeder have bred thousands of Wild Ducks
by following the instructions in this book.

DUCK BREEDING IS PROFITABLE.

PRICE, $1.50; Special Signed Edition, $2.00.

THE GAME BREEDER, 150 Nassau Street, New York

IF you desire birds for shooting or
to place in their aviaries for rear-
ing" next year, now is the time to
buy. Do not wait until midwinter
and then have the prices advance on
you like they did last year.

We can make immediate delivery
on Silver, Golden, Ringneck, Lady
Amherst, Reeves, Elliott, Mongolian,
Swinhoe, Versicolor, Impeyan, Man-
churian Eared, Peacock, Melanotus
and Tragopan Cabot Pheasants. We
can also furnish either mature or young
Wild Turkeys. Also pure Wild Mal-
lards. Also Japanese Silkies and
Longtails, Blue.White, Pied, Japanned
and Specifier Peafowl, as well as nu-
merous varieties of fancy and other
ducks.

Send thirty cents in stamps for
colortype catalogue of pheas-
ants and how to rear. . . .

CHILES & COMPANY

MT. STERLING KENTUCKY

Wild Duck Foods

SAGO POND WEED AND OTHERS

We also ship wild celery roots and
seeds. Chara, Widgeon grass roots, Red
head grass and Wild rice roots. We will
not ship Wild rice seed.

JASPER B. WHITE

WATERLILY, CURRITUCK SOUND, N. C.

In writing to advertisers please mention The Game Breeder or sign your letters : "Yours for More Game.""

160 THE GAME BREEDER

PHEASANTS, DUCKS AND EGGS

Deer And Other Live Game

FOR SALE, a superb lot of Golden, Silver and Amherst pheasants just
right for breeding this spring and summer.

I am now booking orders for eggs of the following varieties: Mon-
golian, Ringueck, Chinese, Golden, Silver, Amherst and Reeves.

Wood Duck, Mallard and Gray Call Duck eggs.

All the eggs I ship are guaranteed to be from non-related, pure
bred, strong, healthy birds, correctly mated; all eggs are guaranteed not to
be over three days old when they leave my farm.

I also manufacture a full line of special foods for the successful raising
of young pheasants and wild water fowl, also for feeding the old birds
all the year 'round ; write for prices.

WALLACE EVANS GAME FARM, ST. CHARLES, ILL.

Largest and most successful breeders of pheasants,
wild water fowl, deer, etc., in the world.

STONY LONESOME GAME FARM

Mallard Ducks and
Mongolian Pheasants

We offer for immediate delivery (limited number) of

Mallard Ducks and Mongolian Pheasants

and will take orders for eggs, delivery in the spring.

ADDRESS

129 Front Street, New York City,

or JOHN FOSTER, West Hartland, Connecticut

In writing to advertisers please mention The Gams Breeder or sign your letters: "Yours for More Game."

Mackensen Game Park

I carry the largest stock in America of live
game birds, ornamental birds and quadrupeds.

Hungarian Partridges

I am prepared to fill the largest orders
for these birds and for years I have filled
practically all of the large State orders for both
-\^ °^ ->-=*^ : Partridges and Pheasants.

Pheasants

My Pheasant pens hold thousands of
Pheasants and I am prepared to furnish
these birds in large numbers to State de-
partments, individual breeders and preserves.

Wild Duck

Mallards, Black Duck, Teal, Wood Duck Pintails and other species

can be supplied in large numbers at at-
tractive prices. Also Mandarins and all
other water fowl.

W-

Ji . smmnM m ^^r % __

Wt __--df-ff

HHVB^ ' ..^UflH -

Wild Turkeys

I am now the largest breeder and
dealer in Wild Turkeys and can supply
these birds in good numbers to State
Departments and preserve owners

I carry the largest stock in America of ornamental birds and animals. My ponds now contain nearly 200 best
Royal Swans of England. 1 have fine lot of the beautiful pink FLAMINGOES and the very large European
PELICANS. Also STORKS, CRANES. PEAFOWL, fancy GEESE and DUCKS. My pheasant pens contain over
a thousand Ringneck and fancy PHEASANTS. All stock is kept under practically natural conditions. I have 60 acres
of land entirely devoted to my business. Can also promptly furnish BUFFALOES, DEER, LLAMAS. RABBITS, etc.

Orders booked during summer.

I have for years filled practically all the large State Orders and have better
facilities for handling large orders than any other firm.

Write me before buying elsewhere — it will pay you to do so. Your visit solicited.
I am only (iO miles from New York and 30 miles from Philadelphia.

Department V.

WM. J. MACKENSEN

YARDLEY, BUCKS COUNTY, PA.

The Feeding of Sporting Dogs

Every Gamekeeper knows and appreciates the difficulty of bringing the dogs
up to " top notch '' in the matter of health, especially as the sporting season
hoves in sight. Sporting dogs have to undertake difficult and exacting work
necessitating a great expenditure of strength and vitality. Hence their feeding
demands experience, judgment and consideration in selecting the best foods to
sustain them and the exclusive use of those foods only.

Sporting Dogs can be made capable of long-sustained effort by liberally
feeding them with

SPRATT'S
DOG CAKES

Spratt's Dog Cakes prevent dogs suffering from overstrain by providing

A RESERVE STOCK OF VITALITY

— just what so many dogs lack at the time when they need it most

ARE YOU FEEDING YOUR DOGS ON SPRATT'S?

If you are not, and wish to prove their value in a practical way, we will send you samples free.

" Dog Culture" mailed on receipt of 2c. stamp. " Pheasant Culture," price 25c

" Poultry Culture," 10c.

SPRATT'S PATENT LIMITED

NEWARK, N.J. ; SAN FRANCISCO; ST. LOUIS; CLEVELAND; MONTREAL

1U —J

MAR 12 W*

$>12° P er Y e ar

iiiiiiiiii iiiii iiiiiiiiiiiniii iinrrmr

■Single Copies 10$.

T H Er

AH E 5B

VOL. IX.

SEPTEMBER, 1916

The- Object op this Magazine- is
to Make- North America the- 5iggest
Game Producing Country in the World

No. 6

THE PROPAGATION OF WILD BIRDS

By HERBERT K. JOB

This book describes in detail the breeding and management
of Pheasants, Quail, Wild Fowl and other Game Birds. It
is illustrated with many remarkable photographs of the game
which add much to the value of the book. Every game
breeder and sportsman should own a copy of this excellent book.

Price, : : $2.00

THE GAME BREEDER, 150 Nassau St., N. Y.

The Wild Turkey and Its Hunting.

This is a valuable, interesting and well illustrated
book, written by E. A Mcllhenny, who is well quali-
fied by reason of a long experience with Wild Turkeys
to write about the biggest game bird in the world.
Mr. Mcllhenny says there are thousands of acres
which once were cultivated but which are now
abandoned and growing wp with timber, brush and
grass Such country affords splendid opportunity
for the rearing and perpetuation of the Wild Turkey.
The book contains many illustrations.

PRICE, - $2.50

THE GAME BREEDER, 150 Nassau St., N. Y.

THE GAME BREEDER

1611: M

***"-

*J&

W i!

":'.♦♦)

''*

When We Have Game
In Plenty

THE day is coming when we shall have
game in as great plenty in this country as
we did fifty yearsago — when quail, grouse,
ducks, wild turkeys, will be a common and appreciated sight on
the table and in the fields and wood' .

Has it ever occured to you that you can hasten the arrival of
that day ! You can — by means of game farming.

....

Game Farming is Pleasant and Profitable

To anyone who has a small amount
of land game farming will prove profit-
able and pleasant— profitable because
the demand for birds and eggs is
much greater than the supply and
good prices are paid — pleasant be-
cause it is profitable and because you
net only supply your own table with
an abundance of good food but also in
many instances enjoy good sport
from the birds you raise.

The more birds raised the better
hunting there will be. Already, in
some parts of the country, those
who own large acreage are being
paid by sportsmen for the game they
raise and liberate.

If you are interested in the subject
from any standpoint write for our
booklet, "Game Farming for Profit
and Pleasure". It is well worth
reading. Sent free on request.
Please use the coupon below.

Game Breeding Dept., Room 2.3

HBJQCUJLE8 POWDER CO.

Wilmington, Delaware

Manufacturers of Explosives; Infallible and "E, C" Smokeless Shotgun Powders:
L. & R. Orange Extra Black Sporting Powder: Dynamite for Farming.

Game Breading Department, Room ?fb
Hercules Powder Company,
Wilmington, Delaware

Gentlemen; — Please send rr.e a copy tf "Game Farming for Froi'.t and Pleasure." I am-

interested in game breeding from the standpoint of

Name

Address

. " -—-?" --nr of

162

THE GAME BREEDER

CONTENTS

Survey of the Field — A Good Montana Resolution — A New Game Farm

Tennessee Quail We Repeat — Doubles — More Members War Food

Prices Harmless Legislation — The Migratory Bird Law — Things Worth

Knowing.

A Money Making Industry - D. W. Huntington

The Moose in Minnesota - - - - - - - L. M. Brownell

The Day's Mail - - - . - - - - - - By Our Readers

Notes from the Game Farms and Preserves - - By Our Readers

The Technique of Ant Eggs — Now Is the Time The Crow Call

Quail and Pheasants — Game Breeding Association Leases Ant Eggs.

Wild Rice - W. L. McAtee

Editorials Reflections on a Shark Note — Taxing Gunpowder A California

Outrage A Bad Start in Virginia.

Heating and Cooking Stoves for
Clubs and Cottages

The Camp Cook Stove

This is an ideal cook stove for the
Miuing, Lumber and Military
Camps; will work just as well in
the open air as indoors.

Construction Companies working
large gangs of men will find this
well suited to their requirements.

A FEW OF THE LEADING STOVES FURNISHED

Radnor Ranges
Home Victor Ranges
Victor Cook DobuleOven

Ranges
Hotel Ranges
Royal Victor Ranges
No. 10 Ironsides Cook
Patrol Wood Stove
No. 90 Ironsides
Haddon Ranges

Home Victor Hot Water Stoves
Farmer Girl Cook
New H. A. Elm Double Heaters
Vulcan Double Heaters

Tropic Sun Heating Stoves . ...

Haddon Hercules Heating Stoves Victor Cook Ranges
Ormond Ranges Loyal Victor Ranges

No. 15 Hot Blast Heating Stoves Victor Hotel Ranges
Victor Gem Cook Elm Ranges

Laundry Stoves Farmer Boy Cook Stoves

Index Heating Stoves
Solar Kent Heating

Stoves
Prompt Ranges
Cozy Ranges

Our Friend Cook Stoves
Sentry Wood Stoves
Home Victor Cellar Furnaces
Home Cellar Furnaces
Victor Cellar Furnaces
Victor Solar Cellar Furnaces
Farmer's Furnaces and

Cauldrons

— — - Manufactured by ——

S. V. REEVES, 45 N. 2nd St., Philadelphia, Pa.

In writing to advertisers please mention The Game Breeder or sign your letters: "Yours for More Game."

THE GAME BREEDER

163

DtHlG

3E1G

Du Pont Wins the Nation's Shooting Classic

St. Louis Introductory

Harve Dixon, Oronogo, Mo.

197x200 Shooting Du Pont

Mound City Overture

R. A. King, Delta, Colorado.

99x100 Shooting Du Pont.
National Amateur Championship
Frank Troeh, Vancouver, Wash.

99x100 Shooting Schultze.
National Amateur Championship

at Double Targets

Alan Heil, Allentown, Pa.

89x100 Shooting Du Pont

Preliminary Handicap

A. Koyen, Fremont, Neb.

97x100 Shooting Du Pont.

Grand American Handicap

J. F. Wulf, Milwaukee, Wis.

99x100 Shooting Schultze.

Consolation Handicap

H. E. Furnas, St. Louis, Mo.

96x100 Shooting Du Pont.

Long Run of Tournament

Arthur Killam, St. Louis, Mo.

165 Shooting Du Pont.

All-Round Open Championship

Homer Clark. Alton, Ills.

187x200 Shooting Schultze.

Ail-Round Amateur Championship

E. L. Bartlett, Baltimore, Md.

180x200 Shooting Du Pont.

CT. LOUIS, Missouri— 618 of the Nation's
^ Crack Shots lined up at the score — a battle
royal for the country's shooting honors — and
the wise shooters who used Du Pont Powder
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164

THE GAME BREEDER

REMINGTON
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T h * Game Breeder

Published Monthly. Entered as second-class matter, July g, 1915, at the Post Office, New YorkJCity,

New York, under the Act of March 3, 1879.

VOLUME IX

SEPTEMBER, W6
SURVEY OF THE FIELD.

NUMBER 6

A Good Montana Resolution.

One of our Montana members sends
a clipping, from the Havre Plain
Dealer, relating the action of the Mon-
tana Game and Fish Commission which
well illustrates an old saying of The
Game Breeder: "Good game laws like
bad ones are catching: One State after
another catches them." It is interesting
to observe how one game department
after another decides that it is a good
plan to make the commission of eco-
nomic importance to all of the people
and to see that it represents them all,
and that everyone can have plenty of
game to eat. Too many departments
have been conducted as governmental
side shows in the interest of sportsmen
alone, who by antagonizing the farmers
and other land owners have made it an
easy matter for sentimentalists to put
an end to dove shooting, quail shoot-
ing* grouse shooting and in many States
to the shooting of other species — wood-
cock, upland plover, etc., etc. The reso-
lution prepared by Commissioner M. I.
Baldwin, of Kalispell, says "that the
game and fish laws of this State should
be so amended as to legitimatize the
propagation of game and fish by private
enterprise."

The Preamble.

The Plain Dealer, under the heading,
"The State Board Would Encourage
Private Propagation," quotes the State
Game and Fish Commission as follows:

"The game and fish of Montana are assets
of great value to the people, hence the propa-
gation of game and fish of desirable kinds
should be encouraged by the laws of our State.
The right of citizens to engage in the business
of propagating game, fish and fur-bearing
animals should be recognized as lawful, and

calculated to increase the game and fish supply
of the State, and that when such game and
fish are propagated by private enterprise
within private inclosure, the right to sell and
dispose of such game and fish under reason-
able regulations at all times should be per-
mitted, the same as other privately owned live
stock.

"Therefore, it is moved as the sense of the
Game and Fish Commission that the game and
fish laws of this State should be so amended
as to legitimatize the propagation of game and
fish by private enterprise."

Opposed to Spring Shooting.

The Montana commission voicing its
opposition to the spring shooting of
water fowl, adopted the following:

"Whereas the game laws of Montana make
it unlawful and a misdemeanor to kill water
fowl between the first day of January and the
first day of September of each year, thereby
abolishing spring shooting of such game, this
commission clearly recognizes the wisdom of
laws that protect such water fowl during the
mating and brooding season, and that such
laws are beneficial and do much to conserve
such game for the use and benefit of all in-
telligent and fair-minded sportsmen, but we
view with alarm any legislation, whether Fed-
eral or of sister States that may restore spring
shooting in such State or States and deplore
any action or steps that be taken by so-called
sportsmen in such behalf in any of said States."'

"Resolved by the Montana Game and Fish
Commission that the reasonable protection of
water fowl, so that American sportsmen may
have a fair full season of shooting demands
the abolishtnent of spring shooting in each
and every State in the Union."

Montana has an excellent Game and
Fish Commission. The members of the
commission are E. P. Mathewson of
Anaconda, W. M. Bickford of Missoula
and M. D. Baldwin of Kalispell. J. L.
DeHart, State game warden, is the sec-
retary.

It is to be hoped that the commission
may be retained in office until the State
is made one of the biggest game produc-

166

THE GAME BREEDER

T^ e Game Breeder

Published Monthly
Edited by DWIGHT W. HUNTINGTON

NEW YORK, FEBRUARY, 1917.

TERMS:

10 Cents a Copy— $1.00 a year in Advance.

Postage free to all subscribers in the United States.
To All Foreign Countries and Canada, $i 2s.

The Game Conservation Society, Inc.
publishers, 150 nassau st., new york

D. W. Huntington, President,

F. R. Peixotto, Treasurer,

J. C. Huntington, Secretary.
Telephone, Beekman 3685.

THE OPEN SEASON.

The more we consider the matter the
more we become convinced that "there
is a pleasure in the pathless woods" after
game which is far more delightful to the
eye and gratifying to the soul than the
pursuit of game laws in the legislative
halls. We have positively declined to- ap-
pear before legislative committees and to
enter the lobby. Anyone can put us down
for a good shoot and a good game dinner
and we will agree to shoot a little at the
traps during the dinner hour and also
when game is not in season provided the
traps be kept in readiness and there be
plenty of ammunition in the gun room,
as there usually is at all well conducted
modern game clubs and game breeding
associations.

The quail shooting is very good on
many fields where we can shoot without
fear of the police during January and
February. We expect to bring home a
lot of birds and to have them broiled for
breakfast. We rejoice that since the
"Happy Boots Wilson" case we can come
home with our quail without going to
jail and now we are eager to take the
field. Those who want more game laws
and who delight in the sport of the lobby
may go north or east or west to their
State Capitols and recite their little pieces
beginning "Where are the buffalo and
wild pigeon, etc.?" We prefer our va-
cation with the setters and the gun in

the southern fields, where the roar of
the covey is far more pleasing than the •»
roar of the more game law oratory in
the legislative committee room.

Each to his taste! The field and the
lobby both are open in February!
•

QUAIL ON LONG ISLAND, N. Y.

. The open winter and absence of snow
in Southern New York and some other
parts of the country have been very fa-
vorable to the quail and other birds which
are winter residents. We have excellent
reports about the quail on Long Island
and the shooting promises to be very
good next season not only on the club
grounds, where the birds always are
plentiful, because it pays to keep them
so, but also on free territory where the
birds occur by reason of their importa-
tion and breeding by the preserve owners.

A rumor was abroad recently that an-
other attempt would be made to prohibit
shooting the quail on Long Island and
to create one mOre "food restriction" pre-
venting their increase and, in fact, pre-
venting any one from looking after the
birds properly.

The quail occur on Long Island in
good numbers because they were pur-
chased and introduced by sportsmen and
they are properly looked after, because
it pays to do so. Shooting is not pro-
hibited. In fact, always, it is quite lively.

The writer has purchased and liber-
ated several hundred quail on Long Isl-
and and is perfectly familiar with the
conditions there.

There is a large ' population on Long
Island, especially in the summer, when
the coast cottages are occupied. There
are here, as elsewhere, many gunners
who seem to be unaware that there are
laws protecting doves at all times and
the quail and other game at certain sea-
sons. There are many foxes, hawks,
crows, snakes and other enemies of game
on Long Island. There are many dogs,
cats and rats. Any naturalist familiar
with the conditions on Long Island would
advise the State to encourage the people
to look after and protect the birds and
by no means to prohibit such industry.

Darwin said long ago that if shooting

THE GAME BREEDER

167

were prohibited in England there would
be fewer birds than at present, although
hundreds of thousands of birds are shot
annually. Any one with ordinary com-
mon sense easily can understand that if
shooting be prohibited on Long Island
there will be fewer quail than at pres-
ent, although the sport has been excel-
lent for many years and will remain so
if people who have no interest in Long
Island and know nothing about condi-
tions there can be induced to conduct
their mischief-making industry else-
where.

•

ROCKING-CHAIR SPORT.

We recently read the following state-
ment about sport in Ohio said to have
been made by the President of the Board
having charge of the game : "The fish
and game interests of Ohio are being
kept in a very prosperous condition under
the care of a special committee of the
Ohio State Board of Agriculture."

The wild turkey, once abundant in
Ohio has become extinct except on one
game farm. The principal and practically
the only game bird for Ohio sportsmen
is the bobwhite quail. The area for duck
shooting is very limited and we have
been told that motorboats and riparian
residents have sadly interfered with the
duck shooting which once was good on
the canal reservoirs. Bowhite has been
on the song bird list for some time. We
are told that the dove, also, has been
placed on this list ; the dove is the second
best game bird in Ohio. Recently a little
pheasant breeding has started and we be-
lieve those who own pheasants can shoot
them without being arrested.

When we recall the days when we
found it an easy matter to bag twenty
or thirty brace of quail in a day in Ohio,
with a few doves, ruffed grouse and
woodcock and an occasional wild turkey
for good measure, it does not seem to
us that the practical prohibition of sport
which now exists is all that could be
desired, or all that easily could be accom-
plished by those who prefer the annual
pursuit of "more game" to the annual
pursuit of "more game laws."

The kind of sport now enjoyed in
Ohio seems to us to be that of the nim-
rod who enjoys the pipe and the rocking
chair. We can hardly imagine any one
paying a high non-resident licensee fee to
try the shooting in Ohio.

Possibly the game conditions are con-
sidered fine from the point of view of
the farmer who is glad there is nothing
to tempt trespassers.

NEW YORK NONSENSE.

All persons, including State Game Of-
ficers, should read the quotation from
the excellent report of the Massachu-
setts Commissioners of Fish and Game
printed on another page.

"The policy of the Commission has
been to encourage in every possible way
the propagation of game birds."

Permits are issued "upon request"
and without charge to "any person, firm
or corporation" to propagate any species
of deer, elk, pheasants, quail, partridge,
geese, wild ducks or squirrels for sale,
exchange or to be given away.

The Commission well says: "Such
work contributes to the public welfare."

How far behind the times New York
seems to be when compared with Mas-
sachusetts and many other States which
encourage the profitable production of
highly desirable foods!

A large amount of money is expended
annually in the effort to save the game
in New York from extinction, but it is
deemed necessary to charge the producer
$5.00 for a license and to arrest him
if he sells any quail, grouse or other
game birds he may produce excepting
only two common species of wild ducks
and pheasants.

The people of the more enlightened
states must be amused at the nonsense
in New York ; those who breed an abun-
dance of game for sale as food are be-
coming more and more disgusted and
indignant that they can not send their
food to the best market. We have a
large mail on this subject, especially
from the West and from parts of New
England.

168

THE GAME BREEDER

tending to shoot on public lands and
waters will there find just what the regu-
lations are.
Iowa.

Two most important laws have been
enacted recently which should be given
the widest publicity in the State of Iowa
and the other States which have game
breeders' laws.

One of these new laws is the Iowa
statute encouraging the profitable breed-
ing of all species of game. The other is
the amendment to the New York law
opening the New York markets to the
sale of game produced by industry in
other States. The prices for game in
New York are high. There is a rare
chance for money-making in Iowa both
for men and women, and in fact for chil-
dren, since many boys and girls have
made money with game.

The Iowa law provides that :

"Any person desiring to engage in the busi-
ness of raising and selling pheasants, wild
duck, quail and other game birds or any of
them in a wholly enclosed preserve or enclos-
ure of which he is the owner or lessee, may
make application in writing to the State Fish
and Game Warden for a license so to do.
That the State Fish and Game Warden, when
it shall appear that such application is made
in good faith, shall upon the payment of an
annual fee of $2 issue to such applicant a
breeder's license permitting such applicant to
breed and raise the above described game
birds, or other game birds, or any of them, on
such preserve or enclosure ; and to sell the
same alive at any time for breeding or stock-
ing purposes ; and to kill and use the same ; or
sell same for food."

The New York law provides that game
produced by breeders in other States,
which regulate the industry, may sell the
food produced in the New York mar-
kets, which, undoubtedly, are the best
markets in the world for game. The
courts are beginning to hold that any
breeder can shoot and sell the game he
-owns.

Pheasants sell readily for $4 and $5 a
pair in large lots when sold as food. They
bring even higher prices when sold alive
for propagation. Wild ducks sell readily
for $3.00 per pair and last year many
ducks were sold for $3.25 to $4.50 per
pair.

The best prices for quail and prairie
grouse are paid for live birds. There is
a demand for hundreds of thousands of
birds and the quail sell for $25 per dozen
and often more, in large lots. Prairie
grouse will sell for $5.00 to $10.00 per
pair in large lots and for better prices in
small lots. There is also a big demand
for deer. They sell for $25 and $35.

Things Worth Knowing.

In the States which have enacted game
breeders' laws any sportsmen who wish
to do so can organize inexpensive shoot-
ing clubs and

(1) Make their own season limits.
They can shoot early in the fall when
the weather is fine and it is a pleasure
to be out of doors and as late in the
winter as it may seem desirable to con-
tinue the sport.

(2) Make their own bag limits and
shoot big bags of game during long open
seasons. All that is necessary is to see
that the game is kept plentiful ; that the
hawks, crows, foxes, snakes and other
enemies do not get most of it, and to stop
the shooting in time to leave sufficient
stock birds for another season.

(3) Sell some of the abundant game
to help pay the expense of producing it.
This will make the people friendly to
sport since they can have game to eat.
The shooting can be made profitable.

The best places for game production
are the posted farms which can be
opened to shooting by those who deal
fairly with the owners. The shooting
rent paid is usually from 5 to 10 cents
per acre or from $32 to $64 per square
mile per annum. We now have hun-
dreds of clubs which deal fairly with the
farmers and always have good shooting.
Some shoot several thousand quails
every season without any fear of exter-
mination. Marshes which are likely to
be drained, thus putting an end to duck
shooting in the neighborhood, should be
rented and preserved for sport. The
overflow from such places always im-
prove the shooting on public waters just
as the quail and grouse going out from
"noisy sanctuaries" improve the shooting
for miles about.

THE GAME BREEDER 169

A MONEY MAKING INDUSTRY.
The Game Breeders' License and Identification.

By Dwight W. Huntington.

We are asked why we favor the licens- of great antiquity going back to the Ro-
ing of game breeders and the identifica- man laws, which decided that wild crea-
tion of their game when sold. Many peo- tures are owned by the people in common
pie claim that the game breeders' indus- because they have no other owner,
try should be absolutely free ; that the Since the State, or possibly the Nation,
breeder should not be required to have owns the wild game or game on public
a license ; that he should not be required lands and waters, it seems reasonable for
to identify the game he sells either by it to require those who rear game, ex-
tagging it or shipping it with a prescribed actly similar in appearance to the State
invoice or label, as the Colorado statute game, to list themselves as licensed breed-
provides. A prominent and practical ers and to identify the game they send
game protectionist of Indiana, Mr. John to the public markets. This is done, of
W. Talbot, is openly opposed to all "li- course, to prevent the sale of wild game,
cense and tag foolishness," as he puts it. If the State owns the game, and will fur-
Indiana has taken his advice and the law nish or permit the taking of breeding
provides that any one may breed game stock, it should, of course, prescribe the
''in captivity" for sale without identifica- terms under which the breeder can sell
tion. We have never opposed such legis- his product.

lation, excepting to comment on the Game bred in a wild state on inclosed

words, ''in captivity," which are in our farms, which some States now. say can

opinion, a worse restraint than a small be sold by those who look after it, is. more

license fee and the requirement that the easily stolen than poultry is. If the

game produced for market must be iden- thief can mot dispose of- the stolen' game

tified before it is sold. • because he has no license and no tags or

Certain species of game, notably the invoices to identify it, he will soon find

quails and grouse, can be produced far the stealing too unprofitable to warrant

more cheaply in a wild state on protected his taking the risks,
areas than they can be produced "in cap- If, therefore, the State charges noth-

tivity." They are far better both for ing for the license issued to reputable

sport and food when bred wild in the breeders, as is the case in Massachusetts,

fields and woods than they are when or even makes a nominal charge of 50

raised in small enclosures. Captivity cents a year (Ohio) or two dollars per

bred game is subject to many diseases year (Iowa and other States), it seems

which do not occur to wild game and to us the breeder should not object to the

tame birds are not so satisfactory from regulations. The charge made for labels

the sporting viewpoint as the birds bred or tags to identify the game sold should

under natural conditions are. also be nominal, in no case more than the

Why should the breeder of game birds cost of the labels or tags,
be required to take- out a license and to Fruit farmers often use expensive

identify the game he sells when the poul- labels to identify their fruit and to ad-

trymen go free? This question sounds vertise their farms. The game farmer

quite reasonable, to be sure, but we should be willing, for the present at least,

should remember that there is a decided to put inexpensive labels On the packages

difference between game and poultry, or inexpensive tags On the game he sends

The idea that the State owns the game to market.

has been given prominence by the courts We should remember that the game

in America and undoubtedly it is an idea breeding history in America is young ;

170

'•:•[

THE GAME BREEDER

that it is not so long ago that there was
an absurd prejudice against anyone hav-
ing any game; and that undoubtedly it
is easier to secure game breeders' laws
when they provide that the game must be
identified than it is to secure laws with
no safeguards made to please those who
insist they are necessary.

After all, if the breeder can get an
excellent insurance against theft by pay-
ing a few cents for a handful of identi-
fication tags and an annual license fee of
$2.00, or less, it does not seem to us that
he is damaged much, especially since the
game sells for fabulous prices and the
breeder can add the license and tag
charges to the price of the game and let
the purchasers pay the bill. The hotels
clubs and individuals who like to eat
game, all are quite ready to pay the ex-
tra price, which should not be over a
fraction of a cent per pound of meat.

We believe it will not be long before
anyone who legally takes a game bird on
public lands or waters will be held to be
the owner of it by reason of his industry.

Game legally taken in all civilized
countries, excepting America, ceases to be
State property and becomes the individ-
ual property of the captor or shooter. He,
of course, can sell his food. We have no
doubt this will be the law in America in
time. It will no doubt be a considerable
time before we are as free as other coun-
tries are; in the interval there is a rare

chance for game and fish breeders to
make a big lot of money. Some of the
members of the Game Conservation So-
ciety are now making from $10,000 to
$20,000 per year and find the industry
interesting and attractive.

There are a number of women in the
business, probably about an hundred,
members of the Game Conservation So-
ciety. They all find it interesting and
soon all of them will report good profits
as many have already so reported to The
Game Breeder.

We believe that in the few' States
which have State game departments op-
posed to the profitable production of food
on the farms the laws soon will be amend-
ed so as to provide that the departments
shall have nothing to do with the game
owned by individuals. We should not be
surprised to see the departments abol-
ished if the farmers ascertain they are
depreciating farm values. Easily laws
have been enacted prohibiting shooting on
the farms and even prohibiting the shoot-
ing of quail and other game at all sea-
sons.

It is unnecessary to charge anything
for the game breeders' license; it is an
outrage to charge $25 per year, as they
do in California, and possibly in some
other States. $5.00 per year is entirely
too much.

If a food producing industry is de-
sirable it should be aided and encouraged
and not prevented by high charges.

THE MOOSE IN MINNESOTA.

By L. M. Brownell,
Supervisor Superior National Forest.

The moose is the largest of the deer
family (alces machlis or palmatus) and
was given this name by the Algonquin
Indians. They are found on this con-
tinent from New Brunswick to western
Alaska wherever there are unfrequented
forests. They are apparently migrating
northward as the forests are being ex-
ploited and the country settled.

The adult moose stands about six feet
at the shoulders and may exceed this
figure. The male bears very broad (pal-
mate) divergent antlers. These horns
are sometimes very immense. A pair in
the Field Columbian Museum, Chicago,
has a spread of 78^2 inches, show 34
points, measure 15 inches round the bur,
and, along with the dry skull, weighs

THE GAME BREEDER

171

93 pounds. The antlers form between
them a sort of basin, for each broadens
out in a great shovel-shaped expansion,
with marginal points or snags, increas-
ing usually with the years of life. The
horns and fore feet are the principal
means of defense. The general color
is dark reddish brown, but becomes
slightly lighter and grayer in winter.
The limbs, especially the fore legs, are
very long. The neck is short and the
tail small. More detailed characteristics
are the broad, hairy nostrils, the over-
hanging upper lip, the small eyes and
tear pits, long and broad ears, low stiff
mane on the back of the neck, the long
bell mane on the lower side of the neck
and the brittle hair.

They are for the most part solitary
in their habits, except during the breed-
ing season and during the winter months.
In winters of deep snow a dozen or
more are often found "yarded up" in
swamps.

The male animals often fight with one
another. These fights sometimes last un-
til one or both are dead. Occasionally
the dead bodies are found with the horns
locked together in such a manner that
they cannot be separated except by
breaking them.

Moose are unlike the big game animals
of the western country in that they stay
and feed in the same territory summer
and winter. During the hot weather of
the summer months they stay around
the lakes and streams and are com-
monly seen in the water, where they
feed on grasses, lily roots and wild rice.
The flies bother them considerably and
they are able to keep them away while
in the water. In the fall they are found
in the more open country. In winter,
during stormy weather, they stay in the
heavy timber for protection. During the
winter months they browse on aspen,
willow, birch, maple and hazel brush.

The big game animal of the Minne-
sota pineries is the moose. Approxi-
mately two million acres of land has
been set aside, in northern St. Louis,
Lake and Cook counties, right in the
heart of the moose country, as the Supe-
rior State Game Refuge. This refuge

includes a part of the Superior National
Forest. Through a co-operative agree-
ment between the State Game and Fish
Commissioner and the Federal Forest
Service the administrative officers of
the Superior Forest are appointed State
Game Wardens. They assist the State
in patrolling the area within the bound-
aries of the National Forest. A study
of the habitat of the different game and
fur bearing animals is part of the work
done by the rangers. It is the unani-
mous opinion of these men that the
moose are decreasing quite rapidly. The
cause is doubtless due to several reasons.
For convenience, they are classified as
follows :

1. Illegally killed.

2. Killed and left in the woods by
non-resident hunters.

3. Killed by wolves.

4. Migrating further north.

That there are many moose illegally
killed goes without saying. Probably
very few have any idea of the actual
number killed in this manner. It is
only a few years ago* that ten carcasses
of moose were seen in Bald Eagle Lake
and seven more were seen in a bay of
Birch Lake during the same season.
Each year the forest officers find car-
casses lying in the water. In practically
every case it was found that apparently
not a pound of meat had been taken.
It is pretty generally known that city
"sports" in the country for an outing
like to boast upon their return of having
killed a moose. They are blamed for
much of the promiscuous killing in the
summer time. There is no sportsman-
ship or glory in killing these animals
during the fly season. There would be
just as much sport in going out in the
back yard and killing the family cow.
Trappers often kill moose in the winter
time for meat to bait traps and poison
for wolves. Settlers and others kill them
at all times to obtain meat for personal
use.

The law at present allows non-resi-
dent hunters to kill moose but does not
allow them to take any meat out of the
State. However, they can have the head
mounted and it then may be taken out.

172

THE GAME BREEDER

These hunters are known as head hunt-
ers and unless detected may kill several
moose before getting the head they want.
The law should be changed so as to re-
quire the hunter to bring the carcass
out of the woods so that some use can
be made of the meat. Many people are
of the opinion that wolves do not kill
moose. It seems, however, from obser-
vations made this winter on the Kawish-
iwi river, east of Ely, that several moose
have been killed by these animals. This
statement will be vouched for by a for-
est officer who was engaged on timber
sale work in that vicinity and by logging
operators. Many wolves have been seen
in that territory this winter and wolf
signs were plentiful. It is generally
conceded that when a country settles up
the moose move on further into the wil-
derness. In this respect they are very
much unlike the deer, which like to hang
around the settlements, apparently to
keep away from the wolves.

We believe that unless the moose are
given better protection in the future than
in the past, they will go the route of the

great game animal of the West, the buf-
falo.

Note : Moose can now be legally killed
by the licensed hunter only in Minne-
sota, Alaska and ten Canadian Prov-
inces. If moose hunting is continued in
Minnesota the only barrier to early ex-
termination in this State is the sanctu-
ary afforded by the Superior State
Game Refuge, created in 1909 as a ref-
uge and breeding ground for all game,
particularly for moose. It is therefore
of the utmost importance that this ref-
uge be thoroughly patrolled and that
illegal killing thereon be entirely elim-
inated. The Superior Refuge is, for the
most part, uninhabited and is generally
unsuited to agriculture. It is an ideal
range for big game, extending along the
Canadian boundary for 90 miles east
and west through St. Louis, Lake and
Cook counties, and is 36 miles wide from
north to south at its widest point. It
rivals the great national parks of the
Rocky Mountain region in picturesque
beauty and attractiveness. — Fins, Feath-
ers and Fur.

THE DAY'S MAIL.

Tit would be impossible to print a very small percentage of the unsolicited letters
which come daily to the Game Conservation Society and its publication, The Game Breeder.
The following letters are samples.— Editor.]

"More" Eyes Opened.

To The Game Breeder:
• I enclose a check for subscription. The
paper has also opened my eyes to condi-
tions I had never dreamed existed. I
am glad to see The Game Breeder and
wish it would come every week instead
of every month.

G. Floyd Shulz.
Michigan.

The Hay Fever Cure.

Editor Game Breeder :

I read the August Game Breeder last
night with much interest. You are keep-
ing it up to the mark. I noticed the item
about Hay Fever and then started to find
the advertisement. I looked the paper
over four times before I found it. If it

had not been for your reference to the
advertisement I never should have seen
it. There is no invitation for your read-
ers to send for a circular or do anything.
Such an advertisement will never pro-
duce results.

M. T. Richardson.
New York.

Without the "Terrific Holler."

The Game Breeder:

We notice your criticism on New Mex-
ico, and we think it well taken. We have
done less business there than in any State
in the Union, save Nevada. We also no-
tice a communication from Mrs. S.
Hirsh. We have bought her stuff and
we must say she is honest. In a ship-
ment there were some small ring-necks

THE GAME BREEDER

173

which were dead when we ' received
them. We informed her without asking
her to refund, but she replied with a sat-
isfactory letter and madeus good on the
birds. You should speak a good word
for her. It has been our experience that
even where we make a "terrific holler" it
is very seldom we are reimbursed.

C. and Co.
Kentucky.

Inquiry for Quail Shooting.

Advertising Manager, The Game Breed-
er :

In answer to the advertising offering
good quail shooting near New York, I
wish to ask particulars. Will you please
put me in touch with the owner of the
shooting. I think it is just what I want.
Also let me know about the Longwood
Club; amount of annual dues, number
of members, etc. Yours truly,

C. W. Johnston.
New Jersey.

Ant Egg Technique.
Editor Game Breeder:

I am sending you a short note about
the technique of ant eggs. S.

New York.

Cotton Tails.

Game Breeder:

We have plenty of cotton tails here.
Would it pay to advertise them and sell
them to shooting clubs? What prices
will they pay ?

[Ans. — Yes, they will sell quickly at prices
mentioned in our letter, provided your State
game officers have common sense and the laws
of the State are right. We will look into,
both matters. Western State and writer's
name omitted pending common sense investi-
gation. — Editor.]

Why Not Kentucky.

Game Conservation Society :

We notice remarks about a party in
New York buying land in Virginia for
a game farm. The laws of our State
are in fairly good shape and we have
wondered why people should not come
to this section.

We are exactly 23 hours from New
York. I can get land here for members

of the society— no rake off or commission
to me — at $5.00 per acre, which would
make an ideal game farm. I would be
•pleased to have any sportsman who is
contemplating such a farm as my guest
and to show it to him and I would not
expect him to buy anything or to pay for
his keep. Kentucky has a common sense
breeders' law and a good state game de-
partment. R. A. C.
Kentucky. j£

More Ducks.

Conservation Society :

Please send me "Our Wild Fowl and
Waders." Three letters in one mail.

[This book has produced a number of duck
ponds where wild duck are reared for sport
and for profit. Sales for twoweeks, 30 books,
which is going some for the good old summer
time. "More" books, "more" ducks, "more"
guns, "more" ammunition, "more" sport,
"more" eggs, "more" live bird sales, "more"
game in the markets, "more" people friendly
to sport]

A Virginia Farm.

Editor Game Breeder:

Before deciding to buy the farm in
Virginia I wrote to the Game Commis-
sioner as you advised. I am sending;
you his reply. Please return it when,
you are through with it.

F. A. W. Shaw.

Monisunk Farm, N. Y.

[The reply is printed on another page. We
still think no one will be arrested for food
producing in Virginia, but if the attitude of
the new commissioner continues threatening
as the letter indicates, it will tend to much
impair the value of the farm and the tax rates
on such properties should be reduced accord-
ingly.

One of our readers was arrested some time
ago for producing game in Virginia and said
that he proved that he owned the game. The
court decided that ever since Blackstone's time
— and long before, if we remember rightly —
there was a difference between wild creatures
said to belong to the State because the poor
things had no other owner and game produced
by industry. We believe the court told the
officers to keep their hands off. We would
like to hear from our Virginia reader about
this case. It is some time since the matter
was referred to in a letter which seems to-
have been mislaid.

We believe game breeding will continue to
thrive in Virginia, and if the game depart-
ment declines to safeguard the industry it
should certainly go way back outside the fence
and sit down.]

174

THE GAME BREEDER

Lease Wanted.

The Game Breeder:

Will you please send me a form for
a shooting lease. I contemplate form-
ing a game breeders' association.

E. A. W.

Oklahoma.

[We are sending a copy of the lease used
by one of the best game breeding associations
in the Middle West. We think this lease can
be shortened and simplified and that the
declaratory clause at the beginning well may
be left out. It states a well-known fact, but
it does not strengthen the legal document in
our opinion. Since leases for various terms
of years must be recorded in the proper office
in the States, requiring records, we always
advise that new game breeding associations
employ a competent attorney familiar with
the laws of the locality. We believe the lease
can be made very short and simple and we
will publish a form in a booklet about creating
game breeding associations which is in prep-
aration. Our advice, however, will be to let
the local attorney (who should be a member
of the "shoot") make any changes in the
form which may be needed in the locality.]
The Game Breeder,

150 Nassau Street, New York.

Big Business.

My ad in your paper, by which I advertised
to purchase certain stock, brought satisfactory
results. I soon found that most everybody
wished to buy, and if I had advertised game
birds and animals for sale instead of to pur-
chase I would have had an overwhelming de-
mand. This gave me an insight into the rapid
growth of the business.

Robert Hutchinson.

Colorado.

1 Sharks.

Stanford University, Cal.,

Aug. 16, 1916.
Editor of The Game Breeder:

Referring to your note on sharks on
page 134 of your August number, per-
mit me to say that the only shark that
is yet positively known to be a man-
eater is the great white shark, Carcha-
rodon carcharias. This is found in
tropical seas and goes north once in a
while in the Gulf Stream. It has never
t>efore been taken nearer New York than
the south shore of Cape Cod, but a
young one has been lately caught in New
"York harbor, probably the one that has
done the mischief to bathers. I have
great doubt whether the presence of this
specimen is anything more than an acci-

dental running off the track. I do not
think that it has anything to do with
the killing of the swordfish, nor have I
ever known a case in which a swordfish
has attacked a big shark.

Thirty-six years ago I caught one of
these white sharks, thirty feet long, at
Soquel, in California. It had a young
sea lion, weighing about 100 pounds, in
its stomach. I heard of one in Hawaii
which made way, not all in one piece,
with a dead horse which had been
thrown into the sea.

Very truly yours,

David Starr Jordan.

Wolves.

Editor Game Breeder:

On a farm that this house operates,
approximately twenty miles north of the
city, a considerable number of wolves
are causing trouble. I write to inquire
as to the most efficient method of ex-
terminating this pest. In addition to the
wolves there are some foxes and mink
that should also be exterminated.

Enclose addressed and stamped en-
velope and will appreciate an early re-
ply. Thanking you in advance for this
courtesy.

S. Kruse.

Hotel Radisson, Minnesota.

Muskrats.

The Game Breeder:

Can you give me any information of
anyone raising muskrats in an enclosed
slough, and if there are any such places
in operation, and if more than one that
you know of, give me the address of
the closest one to Minnesota?

I have a large slough (120 acres) and
there was taken off of this slough 2,000
muskrats which got me to thinking that
raising muskrats might be made a profit-
able proposition.

Enclosed find stamps for a reply and
thanking you in advance.

Minnesota.

Wilfred D. Oleson.

[Write to the man whose name we are
sending. We shall be glad to have any of our
readers answer the above. — Editor.]

More Game and Fewer Game Laws.

THE GAME BREEDER

* t

175

NOTES FROM THE GAME FARMS AND PRESERVES.

The Technique of Ant Eggs.

In order to separate ants from ant
eggs, take a bottle and put some anise
perfume in it and place the bottle among
the ants and eggs. You will find the ants
will carry all their eggs in the bottle
without themselves remaining therein.

Caution — keep the bottle dry.

Christian Pflederer.

Brooklyn, N. Y.

[We shall be obliged to the writer if he
will inform us how the ant eggs sold for bird
food are prepared for the dealer. — Editor.]

Now is the Time.

Shooting clubs and game preserve
owners who wish to purchase a few hun-
dred or a few thousand pheasants, wild
turkeys, ducks or other game for the fall
shooting would do well to write to our
advertisers now. Young game birds
when full feathered and full grown can
be moved safely. There will be few, if
any losses. The birds can be purchased
now for about one-half what they will
cost later. The prices already are high.
They are going higher.

Clubs which are breeding quail, grouse,
wild turkeys and other indigenous game
wild in the fields and where no hand-rear-
ing is done will find it desirable to pur-
chase a few pheasants for the fall shoot-
ing. They can be liberated to advantage
shortly before the quail season opens un-
der the club rules ; and this may be quite
early in October or even in September
in the States which have good game
breeders' laws. The early shooting when
the weather is fine is desirable. Of
course, the late covies of quail which bear
small birds will not be shot for a month
or so. It will be found quite interesting
to put up a pheasant occasionally when
shooting quail and doves early in the
season. Some of the pheasants which
escape the guns will nest on preserves
where vermin is controlled.

The Wild Duck Trouble and Other
Good Notes from Minnesota.

A Minnesota reader, referring to the
item in the August issue of The Game

Breeder about a wild duck malady, says
we have had the same; trouble with our
ducks and I have found it in the ducks
on other farms. It seems strange that
anyone in the business should not know
the disease. If it is the same as I have
found it in different places, it is nothing
more than "roup." Conkeys medicines
can be used with fair success by those
who do not have their own cures.

Our reader adds that he has discovered
that a parasite known as "jiggers" kills
prairie grouse. It has long been known
that what is probably the same parasite is
very injurious to ruffed grouse in some
seasons and in some places. The "wood-
tick," so called in some localities, will also
make a decided impression on a lot of
children picking huckleberries, as we
have had occasion to observe, and one of
the youths often quoted a remark of the
writer (after the experience referred to)
that it was safer to pick the huckleberries
with dimes handed to local pickers who
came to the door. Much has been writ-
ten about the "tick" and the ruffed
grouse.

We do not regard it strange that those
beginning to rear wild ducks should not
knowi "roup." The leading English au-
thorities say that the wild ducks are quite
free from diseases, and we have found
this to be true, having bred many thous-
ands of ducks and having visited tens of
thousands more without ever hearing a
complaint about any trouble, excepting
the usual "straddles" and cramp.

One thing is certain, that too much
"in captivity" and sometimes a very littie
of this will start diseases which birds in
a wild state do not appear to have.

Our correspondent is clearly right in
saying comparatively little is known
about the diseases of birds, even poul-
try. The best medicine is prevention.
Do not crowd the birds too much. Do
not attempt to rear them in unsanitary
places. Whenever possible, breed the
game (especially the quail and all the
grouse) in a wild state in protected, safe
and attractive fields and woods. As many
birds quickly can be reared by beat

176

THE GAM$ $#£ERPi

keepers in this way as the land will carry
and more 'thar* ''this imeans the sure ap-
pearance of some form of disease.

We have often 'pointed '-©tit that : wild-
bred birds are far- more able to- escape
from their natural enemies (which surely
will appear hf numbers in the best regu-
lated places) " than^ tame hand-reared
birds are.- The last -named, when liber-
ated whife J the ; usual vermin occurs often
quickly varlish and all the work done in
rearing therti or all the money spent in
buying them is lost.

We regret' -that our Minnesota reader
asks us not to use- his name. There is
nothing to be diffident about in what he
says. His long letter is full of informa-
tion and good sense.

If game ranching be encouraged in the
big western States (as it seems likely it
soon will be in all of them) just as cattle
ranching and sheep ranching were en-
couraged and as agriculture always is,
just think what will happen! Are we
not right in saying America soon will
become the biggest game producing coun-
try in the world ?

We repeat for emphasis the statement
that all State departments should permit
the trapping of stock birds by reputable
breeders who are prepared to multiply
their numbers. It is absurd to say that
everyone can shoot 10 or 25 birds in a
day or some other number and that no
one can procure stock birds in order to
multiply their numbers.

Our readers who wish additional copies
of the illustrated book on "Game Farm-
ing for Profit and Pleasure," for free
distribution, can procure them by writ-
ing to the Hercules Powder Company,
Wilmington, Delaware, and enclosing the
coupon attached to their advertisement
which appears regularly in The Game
Breeder. The book seems to convert the
people wherever it is read. Game shoot-
ing rapidly is becoming even more im-
portant than trap shooting. They go well
together on the same ground.

The Crow-call.
By A. V. Lindouist.

With a well, accurately toned crow-call
there should be a surprise to all sports-

, men who have tirn,e,to Praetic^aJit^^ut
^■6i season 'as well' as to Hake some 'in-
terest in helping to make the duck or 1
game shooting all the better. There is
but! one good quality in crows and that is
that they do destroy a great many nests
of the snapping turtle, but outside of that
I don't see any value in them. How
they can locate these nests of turtles is
a conundrum- to me, but that they do find
them I know to be a fact as the evidence
is plainly seen on turtle nesting grounds
and I have seen them at work digging
them up. Oh, they are wise guys, I tell
you, and the harm they do is never fully
realized. It will take some time to get
the sportsmen to discover the effect of
crow-calls on crows and to get the habit
of setting aside a day now and then for
crow hunting, as we do here, but it will
come with time and any help in the line
of recommendation by papers and indi-
viduals having one in use will soon get
the calls going and the good they will do
is manifold. Crows ! Well you might
as well say rattlesnakes to me! I surely
have seen enough to know what I am
talking about. I could write a book on
my observations alone and what I have
come across in hunting them.

Quail and Pheasants.

This letter was sent out to try and
interest farmers in quail and winter
feeding; also to see if there was any
direct evidence of antagonism between
quail and pheasants.

J. C. Phillips.
Dear Sir : —

For ten or twelve years the whistle of the
Bob-white (quail) has been practically absent
from Essex County and indeed all sections
north of Boston. In order to try and re-
store this splendid bird to our covers again,
work has been on foot at the writer's farm
for over two years. Last season about 175
quail were reared from eggs layed by captive
birds, and allowed to roam at will as soon as
they were able to care for themselves. An-
other lot will be reared this year. These birds
have apparently wintered well and scattered
through the west end of Wenham and into
Danvers. Some residents were good enough
to feed bevies during the hard winter of 1916,
a procedure which it is hoped will be fol-
lowed up next winter.

The relation between the Bob-white and the
pheasant has always been an open question,

THE GAME BREEDER

177

and the writer would like once and for all "to
settie this question. On Cape Cod there are
few pheasants, and many quail, whereas, here
in Essex County the reverse is the case,
bince our quail were wiped out by two very
hard winters, they have never been able to
work back and restock Essex County again.
This suggests that the old cock pheasants
may interfere with the nesting of the quail.
This notice is sent out partly in the hope that
some of the residents may be able to throw
direct light on this point.

Quail are protected by law in Essex County
for a term of years, but, unfortunately, laws
do not always protect. To form a quail ref-
uge a tract of land has been leased in the
Birch Plains region, and, unless the large
numbers of pheasants are found to directly
interfere with the nesting of Bob-whites, we
should soon have a fair number of birds
about our farms.

The blank postal cards are enclosed with
the hope that individuals who are favorably
situated can send in reports of flocks of quail
from time to time in order that we may form
some estimate as to whether the birds are
increasing in a satisfactory manner. Any
other information about quail, especially the
relation between quail and pheasants, will be
highly appreciated.

The Bob-white is valuable both to the
sportsman and the farmer. As an insect de-
stroyer he was recognized long ago by our
biological survey as of the greatest impor-
tance. Some States have even gone so far
as to place him among song birds on the
protected list. In view of these facts this
effort to restore the species seems worth
while.

Very truly yours,

John C. Phillips.

Massachusetts.

Form of Lease.

THE GAME BREEDING ASSOCIATION.

Whereas, The Farmers and land holders of
and adjoining counties are now, and
for years have been, greatly annoyed, ha-
rassed and often damaged by unauthorized
persons trespassing upon their lands shooting
at and pursuing game in and out of season
upon their premises and upon the highways
adjacent thereto; and,

Whereas, The Game Association

has been regularly chartered by the State of
for the express purpose of giving abso-
lute protection to land holders in the full
enjoyment of their rights under the state
law against trespassers and unauthorized
hunters, and for the further purpose of pur-
chasing, propagating and plainer on these
and contiguous lands all kinds of pheasants,
game birds, and game that will not be in-
jurious to crops, and that will thrive in this
climate, and for the protection of such propa-
gated game and such natural game as is now
or will hereafter be placed or found upon such
lands; therefore

This Indenture, made this day of
19 , between of the county of'

and State of , of the first part, and the

Game Association, of the

County of and State of , of the

second part, witnesseth : That the said party
of the hrst past, for and in consideration of
the sum of , to him in hand paid by the

party of the second part, the receipt whereof
is hereby acknowledged, and the covenants
hereinafter recited, does hereby grant, bar-
gain, sell and convey unto the said party of
the second part, the free, irrevocable and un-
interrupted right, privilege and liberty 01
propagating game and shooting, pursuing, re-
trieving and retaining natural and propagated
game upon the acres of land described

as follows :

situate in the County of and State of

, for the period of ten years next
after the date hereof ensuing; together with
free ingress, egress, regress and passage in
and over the above described premises, for
the purposes hereinafter mentioned, to and
for the said party of the second part, its offi-
cers and members and such other persons as
bear permits regularly issued under seal by
such officers in accordance with the rules and
by-laws of the said party of the second part.

The party of the first part covenants and
agrees that he will, in so far as he is able,
during the term of this lease, protect and
preserve all game which may naturally or by
propagation be upon the above described
premises from killing, shooting and ensnaring
or other interference by all persons other than
officers and members of the party of the sec-
ond part and persons by such officers or mem-
bers regularly authorized in accordance with
the rules and by-laws of the party of the
second part; that he will himself observe and,
in so far as he is able, will compel tne observ-
ance by others upon the above described
premises of the rules and by-laws of the
party of the second part, and the laws of the
State of for the protection and pres-

ervation of game.

The party of the second part hereby cove-
nants and agrees that it shall and will well
and truly indemnify the said party of the
first part for all damage which the said party
of the first part may suffer by reason of any
act done or omitted by any officer or member
of the said party of the second part, or by
any person bearing a permit regularly issued
by such officer in accordance with the rule^
and by-laws of the said party of the second
part, for which act or omission such officer,
member or other person would be personally
liable in damages, it being the purpose of the
Association to stand between the party of the
first part and all persons trespassing upon
such lands.

The Association will employ leeal counsel
to aid in protecting the lands covered by this
agreement from trespassers, and will appoint

178

THE GAME BREEDER

such number of wardens as is necessary to to see you next week and will go over the

watch after and protect the game upon such detaiU of thi§ and other matters>
lands from unauthorized hunters, and will u p V Tr>

further cause the lands to be posted as re- rlERBERT K. JOB.

quired by the State law. West Haven, Conn._

GAME , ASSOCIATION,. A t ~

Ants Eggs.

y President. Dr. Herbert K. Job, the author of

Attest: "Propagation of Wild Birds," advertised

— ■ ■ on another page, says : Another useful

Secretary. early food is the commercial dried ants'

eggs. There may be some question as

to just how much nourishment these real-

— ly contain. At any rate, the young birds
Duck Trouble. are f ond f them, and they are supposed
Editor Game Breeder : to supply an element of insect food. Be-
About this disease — it is a good de- ing rather expensive, they would not be
scription of roup. A consignment of practicable for large flocks of young
gray partridges once came to Storrs, pheasants, but for a moderate number
when I was conducting experimental of little quails or grouse they are very
work there, in just that condition. useful. They are purchased from deal-
It is a disease which originates in un- ers and should be scalded and fed moist,
clean conditions, and is contagious or in- once a day.

f ectious. Moreover, it is usually fatal, if Who knows how to gather and prepare

allowed to get well started. I will be in these?

WILD RICE.

By W. L. McAtee.

Wild rice (Zisania palustris and
Zizania aquatic a)* in every stage of its
growth is eaten by one or another of the
North American ducks and geese, and
practically all of them feed on its rip-
ened grain. It is the staple fall food of
many ducks in the numerous rice
marshes of the eastern part of the
United States. Ducks obtain seeds
mainly from the bottom in shallow water
where they have fallen into a bed of
soft muck to await germination. Ger-
mination is often so delayed that grain
may sprout at any time up to at least
18 months after ripening. This accounts
for the fact that young shoots and ger-
minating seeds of wild rice are found
in ducks' stomachs at practically all sea-
sons. The shoots are devoured by many
species; the flowers have been found in
the wood duck's stomach; and the stems
and leaves of the mature plants are eaten

by geese. According to present informa-
tion the mallard appears to eat the larg-
est percenage of wild rice, more than a
sixth of its annual food being rice. The
black duck and the wood duck rank next
as consumers of wild rice, but several
other species take noteworthy quantities.
Description of Plant.

Wild rice is a tall, roond-stemmed
grass with long, flat, pointed leaves (fig.
1 ) . The stem is hollow, but is furnished
with transverse partitions between as
well as at the joints. These partitions
may be seen when the stem is cut length-

*For a fuller account of wild rice the reader
is referred to the following publications^ the
Bureau of Plant Industry, from which many of
the details here given are taken : Wild Rice :
Its Uses and Propagation (Bulletin 50, 1903) ;
The Salt Water Limits of Wild Rice (Bulletin
72, Part II, 190S) ; The Storage and Germina-
tion of Wild Rice Seed (Bulletin 90, Part I,
1905).

THE GAME BREEDER

179

wise. The base of the stem is in the
form of a stout hook and from it arise
the numerous fibrous roots which serve
mainly to anchor the plant to the bot-
tom. The flowers of wild rice usually
appear during the latter part of July, but
may be found as late even as November.
The appearance of the flower head is

ends. A low rib runs along the whole
length of one side and a shallow groove
along the other. The husk of the seed
(fig. 2, B) has six longitudinal grooves
and a long pointed beak, the whole being
an inch and a half or sometimes even
more in length. The appearance of the
flower head, or of the grain, distin-

Fig. 2— Wild Rice.

very characteristic (fig. 1) ; the lower
branches, which bear the staminate or
male flowers, are widely separated and
stand out from the stem, while the upper
branches of pistillate flowers are erect
and more or less compactly grouped to-
gether. The grain (fig. 2, A) of wild
rice is from one-half to three-fourths of
an inch in length, slender, of uniform*
diameter, and with rounded or pointed

guishes wild rice from any other aquatic
grass in its range.*

Distribution

Natural growths of wild rice have been
found from the northern end of Lake
Winnipeg eastward along the northern
shores of the Great Lakes and the St.

*Bul. 50, 1903 ; Bui. 90, Pt. I, 1905.

180

,.,y_. jjj

'<•) , '•>',

THE GAME BREEDER

Lawrence River to New Brunswickf ;
from Central Dakota, western Nebraska,
and eastern Texas to the Atlantic coast ;
and as far south along that coast as cen-
tral Florida. (See fig., 3.) The plant is
rather local and of course is confined to
the lowlands. The center of abundance
is in Wisconsin, Iowa and Minnesota.

Transplanting Wild Rice.
Although wild rice does not grow nat-
urally in every suitable place within its
range, in most cases it can be made to
do so by transplanting. Formerly wild
rice was often transplanted by various
tribes of Indians, and investigations by
the Bureau of Plant Industry have
shown that with proper treatment of the
seed the plant may be propagated in any
favorable waters in the country. It has
also been successfully grown in Europe.
The black spots on the accompanying
map (fig. 3) represent numerous locali-
ties where it has been successfully trans-
planted in North America. The showing
thus made should encourage those who
are looking for a plant to make barren
waters attractive to ducks, and especially
those who have already tried wild rice
without success. However, experiment-
ers must be prepared for occasional fail-
ure, for both wild rice and wild celery
sometimes refuse to< grow in localities
which appear to possess every requisite
for their successful propagation. The
usual cause of failure has been improper
treatment of the seed between the time
of harvesting and sowing, resulting in
loss of vitality. When growing natur-
ally, the ripe seeds fall directly into the
water, where they sink, and, being pro-
vided with barbed beaks, penetrate deep-
er and deeper into the muck surrounding
the roots of the parent plant. There they
lie through the winter. They may ger-
minate in spring, or they may lie prac-
tically dormant through still another cold
season. The seeds therefore remain wet
until ready to sprout; they are exposed
to currents of water, are not in close con-
tact with each other, and are not sub-
jected to very high temperatures. To suc-
ceed with wild rice it is necessary only to
imitate nature's methods. Keeping large

tit is reported without definite locality from
Newfoundland.

quantities of the seed in close contact
often causes fermentation, but this can
be prevented by cold storage.

So far as propagation depends on the
preservation of the vitality of the seed,
the methods* so carefully worked out
by the Bureau of Plant Industry insure
success. Several seed firms now handle
wild rice properly, and will deliver it in
either spring or fall as desired. The
grain is kept wet and in cold storage and
when shipped is packed in damp moss
or fiber.

"Sometimes when the stand of wild rice
has become reduced, it is advisable to„
prevent consumption by ducks by har-
vesting the grain and then sowing it after
the spring migration. Because the seeds
of wild rice ripen and drop off a few
at a time, the seed must be collected
every day or so, or the heads must be
bunched and tied, so as to prevent the
loss of seed. The grain may perhaps
be allowed to stand a short time in cold
water (if the water is changed daily)!
But when the whole crop has been gath-
ered, it should be placed at once in cold
storage at a temperature just above
freezing, or from 32 degrees to 34 de-
grees Fahrenheit, but still exposed to the
air in an open cask or vat.

In cold climates seed may sometimes
be perfectly preserved by improvised
methods. For instance, wild rice seed
kept out of doors and covered with water
which was changed daily during the win-
ter except when frozen, germinated very
satisfactorily. It has been stored also
in partly filled burlap bags among which
blocks of ice were placed and the whole
covered with sawdust and kept wet. But
usually, where cold storage is not avail-
able, it is better to buy seed from a re-
liable firm.

Where to plant. — Wild rice thrives
best upon a mud bottom (though it has
been known to grow in sand) ; this may
be underlain by various soils, but there
should be a layer of mud at least from 2
to 4 inches deep and preferably deeper.

*The southern Zizaniopsis, with flower and
grain superficially much like Zizania, does not
have the flower head as a whole divided into
pistillate and staminate parts, and the grain is
short and without beak.

THE GAME BREEDER 181

Wild rice usually does not do well where plants, when near together, support each

there is much current or change in the other, the root anchorage is protected,

level of the water, although it grows and a good stand is more likely to result

abundantly on tide flats. It must be re- than if the seed is more widely scat-

membered that wild rice is not adapted tered.
to stagnant water. When to plant.— -Fall has usually been

It may also be added that the salt- considered the most desirable time for

water limits of wild rice may be deter- sowing, but it has been proved that seed

mined approximately by the simple test sown i n spr ing will bring a full crop, and

of taste. When water is appreciably f or several reasons spring sowing is usu-

salty to the taste it is too salty for the a n y advisable. Where seed has been

successful growth of this plant.* sown m ^\ f t h e bottom may freeze and

From 4 inches to 6 feet of water are t h e seed be carried off by the ice in

about the limits of its usual occurrence, spr i n g. Ducks and other waterfowl, as

and it does best m from 1 to 3 feet. In well as some fi s h es , eat the seed, and the

shallow water it may be killed by heat less it j s exposed to their depredations

in summer, so it is best, in southern lo- the more abundant will be the crop. Seed

cahties especially, to sow the seed in not is likely also to be buried by depositions

less than 2 feet of water. £ mU( ^ or swe pt away by currents, es-

How to plant.— The least possible time pec i a n y m f res hets. These dangers may

must intervene between removal from be avoided by sowing the seed in spring

cold storage and sowing. Broadcast sow- i a te enough to avoid the worst spring

ing answers every purpose, and the seed fres hets but in time to get the benefit of

should be thickly sown, as the growing the first good grow i ng weather ; that is,

"^Tofield, C. S., Bui. 72, Bureau of Plant In- when the temperature of the water ap-

dustry, Part II, p. 8, 1905. proaches 60 degrees Fahrenheit.

Our Wild Fowl and Waders

A Practical Book on the Breeding of Wild Fowl
for Sport and for Profit

With Numerous Illustrations.

Contains chapters on the Preservation of Snipe and Woodcock.

Many readers of the Game Breeder have bred thousands of Wild Ducks
by following the instructions in this book.

DUCK BREEDING IS PROFITABLE.

PRICE, $1.50; Special Signed Edition, $2.00.

THE GAME BREEDER, 150 Nassau Street, New York

In writing to advertisers please mention The Game Breeder or sign your letters: "Yours for More Game.'

182

THE GAME BREEDER

T!?5 Game Breeder

Published Monthly

Edited by DWIGHT W. HUNTINGTON

NEW YORK, SEPTEMBER, 1916.

TERMS:

10 Cents a Copy — $1.00 a year in Advance.

Postage free to all subscribers in the Unked States.
To All Foreign Countries and Canada, $1.25.

The Game Conservation Society, Inc.
publishers, 150 nassau st., new york

D. W. Huntington, President,

F. R. Peixotto, Treasurer,

J. C. Hcntington, Secretary.
Telephone, Beekman 3685.

REFLECTIONS ON A SHARK
NOTE.

We are sure our readers will be inter-
ested in the note about sharks, written
by the distinguished naturalist, David
Starr Jordan, Chancellor of Leland-
Stanford Junior University, California.

Always we are gratified when readers
of ability send us timely notes. We have
long known that the triumph of the so-
called "more game" movement was large-
ly due to the big number of able men
who are members of the Game Conser-
vation Society or readers of its publica-
tion. The quiet influence of men of real
ability has been worth much to the cause.

any legislative body to single out this or
that for special taxes and to carry the
idea to extremes ?

One great curse of the country is ill-
advised legislation. All the great legal
authorities in the land are aware that
there are far too many laws. The game
of the country has felt the effect of
thousands of foolish enactments and
America is the only civilized country in
the world where the people do not eat
cheap game.

We believe that a special raid on the
makers of powder is especially ill-advised
if we would encourage preparedness.

TAXING GUNPOWDER.

The Congress proposes, in a new bill,
to place a special tax on gunpowder of
8 per cent, on the gross reecipts.

We fail to see why powder should be
singled out for a special tax. We have
always entertained the idea that it was
a mighty good thing for a country to
have powder manufactories as well as a
lot of good sportsmen skilled with the
gun. As the little man said, who "bought
him a big bass drum": "Who can tell
when a war will come ? and if I'm called
on to fight for my land I want to be
ready to play in the band. Boom ! Boom !
Boom !"

But seriously, is it not a mistake for

A CALIFORNIA OUTRAGE.

We still have complaints from Califor-
nia breeders. Here is a fine sample from
an industrious lady who would like to
produce some food on her premises with-
out danger of arrest:

"I am having trouble to even get a
permit to keep my quail. I have about
seventy-five fine, thrifty California
Valley quail which I hatched from
birds given me by some friends who
have quail in their aviaries here; also
a few eggs were given me. I have
written Mr. Pritchard, game commis-
sioner at Los Angeles, and he only
wants to give me a permit to keep a
limited number and I wish to keep my
seventy-five."

MARY RAHLMAN.

We have advised the lady not to move
from California but to stay just where
she is; to keep all of her quail and to
sell her birds and eggs.

We doubt if there is a game policeman
in California with nerve enough to lay
hands on this lady or to arrest any game
farmer for the crime of food producing
provided the stock birds have been legally
obtained. We raised a few hundred dol-
lars quickly to defend a case not nearly
so shocking as that of Mary Rahlman.

We have asked the lady to telegraph
The Game Conservation Society, of
which she is a member, if she has any
trouble with the game officer and we havt
assured her that within an hour after
she is arrested a local bank will hand her,
with the compliments of the Society, am-

THE GAME BREEDER

183

pie funds to make a successful defense
and to recover suitable damages.

The courts are beginning to hold that
it is not a crime to have stock birds legal-
ly procured "in possession;" that statutes
relating to wild game owned by the State
do not apply to the property of individ-
uals and that it really is not a crime to
produce food on a farm.

THE CALIFORNIA SITUATION.

In a letter to the Secretary of the
Game Conservation Society, the Califor-
nia Game Commission has informed us
that they would encourage game breed-
ing. We are inclined to think, therefore,
that the trouble must be with some un-
derling and that the Game Commission
should discharge him if the facts are as
outrageous as they seem to be.

We are fully of the opinion that some
action should be taken at headquarters.
An arrest of a lady for food producing
would, we are quite sure, prove to be
disastrous to the party represented by the
officer complained of. We are not slow
in letting the people of a State know
about it when any outrage against game
breeders is perpetrated. We do not know
what the politics are in this case. We
do not care.

There are many people interested in
game farming in California and we are
quite sure the people of the State will

side with them if their industry be at- not increasing in numbers as rapidly as
tacked. the pheasants are, is that some States

Recently we have been examining some prevent the increase by law and it is diffi-
correspondence between some California cult to & et a11 tne stock birds required,
game breeders. One asks another how it In States which have intelligent game
is that he can breed and sell game birds oncers the departments are becoming of
and eggs. We are quite sure some breed- S reat economic importance to all of the
ers are not interfered with. We are sure people.

there should be no favorites; that all •

should be treated alike. An opportunity
is presented to "see" some one when
restrictive laws relating to wild game are
held to prohibit a food producing indus-
try. We believe the California Commis-

SOMETHING REFRESHING.

It is refreshing to observe the attitude
of the more intelligent game officers
throughout the country towards the new
industry of game breeding.

Over two-thirds of the States have en-
"acted laws permitting game breeders to
rear and sell game and the game is be-
coming very abundant in many places.

Wild turkeys, which became extinct in
many States, rapidly have been made
abundant on many game farms. The
birds and eggs are advertised and bring
excellent prices. Many do not advertise
because they cannot fill their orders.

North America quickly has become one
of the biggest pheasant producing coun-
tries in the world. We predict that in
two or three years there will be more
pheasants in the United States than there
are in any other country.

Many of our readers now own thou-
sands of pheasants and they will be sold
in large numbers in the New York and
other markets next fall.

America probably has more wild ducks
than any country in the world. Breeders
now rear tens of thousands of wild ducks
and since the ratio of increase is geo-
metrical, when it is profitable, there soon
will be hundreds of thousands of wild
ducks in the markets.

Our quail and grouse are increasing
rapidly in places where they are properly
looked after and the only reason they are

A BAD START IN VIRGINIA.

Virginia has a new game law and a
new Commissioner. We publish on an-
other page a letter from the new officer

to a New York poultryman who con-

sion will not favor the arresting of game templated purchasing a farm in Virginia

trust they will instruct for game breeding. He is told that the

farmers and we

their wardens to keep their hands off

The case of Mary Rahlman
an explanation.

requires

officer cannot give him any encourage-
ment.

We heard of another reader who was

184

THE GAME BREEDER

about to sail on the Old Dominion line to
look at some land in Virginia and who
decided not to visit the State at present.

We regret to see the new officer start-
ing out badly on the old theory that it is
criminal to produce food on the farms
of his State.

One of our readers is conducting a
good sized game farm in Virginia and he
sells annually large numbers of wild
geese and ducks and their eggs. He has
been in the business many years. A num-
ber of other members of the Game Con-
servation Society, both men and women,
are rearing game profitably in Virginia.
It will be interesting to observe if the
new officer is far enough behind the
times to attempt to make the State abso-
lutely a prohibition State in so far as
game farming is concerned.

If our memory serves us one of our
Virginia readers recovered a judgment
that he was clearly right. We sincerely
hope the first breeder arrested will re-
cover ample damages.

Virginia.

Editor Game Breeder:

I am forwarding the enclosed com-
munication to you and after you have
finished with it will you kindly return it
to me.

Thanking you for your information
in this matter

I remain very truly yours,

F. A. W. Shaw.

Monisunk Farm, N. Y.

Mr. F. A. W. Shaw, Monisunk Farm,'

New York State.
Dear Sir:

Yours 11th to this department, and
yours same date to Mr. L. T. Christian,
re breeding game in Virginia for sale.

We beg leave to advise you that the
laws in this State do not provide for
breeding game in captivity by private
firms and positively prohibit the sale of
same.

An effort was made at the last session
of our General Assembly to insert a pro-
vision in our game laws providing for
breeding game, but. failed to pass.

This being the situation, this depart-

ment can offer you no encouragement
so far as this State is concerned.
Yours very truly,
Dept. Game and Inland Fisheries, .

By M. D. Hart,

Chief Clerk.

Editor The Game Breeder:

Your August issue speaks of a new
duck trouble experienced by Mr. C. H.
Shaw, of the Arden Game Farm.

I have raised some blacks and mallards
in Massachusetts and believe that I have
seen ducklings affected as described by
Mr. Shaw, although I do not known what
the disease is. I am inclined to believe
this disease is a result of two much sun
and also perhaps from rearing brood
after brood on the same ground. Prob-
ably a change of quarters attended by
scrupulous cleanliness of food and drink-
ing dishes and plenty of shade would
check the malady.

It is certainly good to get your maga-
zine down here on the border. There
are plenty of blue doves in this region.
Can you tell me their true name?

J. H. Harwood.

With Massachusetts National Guard,
El Paso, Texas.

[The doves are probably the white- winged
dove. We are sending you a book, "Our
Feathered Game," written by the Editor of
The Game Breeder, which has pictures and
descriptions of all the American pigeons and
doves. You will have no trouble in identify-
ing all the doves and the scaled and other
interesting quail which you should see in the

El Paso region.]

•

Quail Breeding.

We shall publish in the October num-
ber three well illustrated articles about
the artificial rearing of quail in America.
These remarkable stories are the last
word about the hand-rearing of Ameri-
ca's best game birds and they bring the
subject up to date. One of the writers
who has a novel brooder says he now
finds quail breeding so easy "it is a joke."

These hand-rearing experiments, taken
in connection with the wild breeding
methods now successfully in operation on
many game farms conducted by readers
of The Game Breeder, promise quickly to
make the bob whites and the California
quails very abundant and soon we shall

THE GAME BREEDER 186

record the fulfillment of our most cher- ceilings and of course anyone can have

ished ambition — the restoration of quail a good view without interrupting them,

on toast. Quail shooting will be fine for I shall be able to tell you all about them

all hands in many States where this bird when I come home."
at present is on the song bird list and [Sent by The Spratts Patent Ltd., Newark,

where shooting is prohibited at all times. N " J; who make the foods for S ame birds

The articles on hand-rearing will be and dogs - ] .

followed by some finely illustrated ar- Recreation p ark for 0rder of Qwls>
tides about some of the quail farmers _ . ,

where quail are bred wild in protected u Ref f ™g to the recent announcement

fields, and where thousands of quail are that the 0rder of 1 ,° wls ' a well-known

shot every season. We hope to have some organization, would soon establish a

color illustrations for these articles. The ! ar S e recreation park for the benefit of

rapid increase in the number of members J? members the Supreme Secretary,

of the society will probably make this Geo DBeroth of South Bend, Ind., has

possible. A plan for doubling our mem- klndl y furnished the following mforma-

bership will be submitted to readers of tl0n at our re q uest :

The Game Breeder next month in a spe- The Order of Owls is an organization

cial letter. • founded eleven years ago. It is a social,

• — — fraternal society and boasts that it is a

War Birds. Bohemian society of good fellows who

The following letter was received a believe in love, laughter and the king-
few weeks ago by the Bird Food Spe- dom of heaven on earth. It now has ap-
cialty Department of Spratt's Patent, proximately 300,000 members and 2,130
Limited, London, from a British "Tom- lodges. Its lodges and members are lo-
my" "somewhere in France" : cated in every State in this country, in

"I will now try and tell you a little all the provinces of Canada, in the dif-
about the bird life out here and what I ferent territorial possessions of the
have seen and heard. The larks are United States and in the English-speak-
quite as good as our own from a sing- ing colonies of Great Britain, including
ing point of view, and it is simply splen- Australia, New Zealand and South
did to hear them when we are in the Africa. The membership of the Owls is
trenches. What is more remarkable is made up of all classes of men and the
to hear several larks singing in the air supreme officers recently determined to
and at the same time shells bursting all supply the membership of the order with
round at the airmen, but it does not stop an ideal park and preserve for hunting
the larks. The finest bit of music I and fishing as well as camping and vacat-
have heard out here was the song of a ing out of doors. After much investiga-
thrush. It came and sat on an iron chim- tion, a tract of four thousand acres was
ney in front of the billet where I am selected near Gaysville, Windsor county,
now staying and sang for quite an hour, Vermont. This tract is in the Green
and it has been seen and heard there mountains. It is located upon and about
several times since. It was really the Mt. Lyon. It contains a number of trout
best thrush I have ever heard. The streams and much game, including bear,
place around here is thick with chaf- deer, rabbits and grouse and other things,
finches and it is nothing unusual to have The order will, within a few weeks, be-
two or three singing at once along the gin the construction of hunting lodges
fire trench near by, but they have not a upon this tract, and beginning with the
good finish to their song from a chaf- ensuing spring, the actual rearing of
finch singer's point, though I have seen pheasants and other game birds will be
some good specimens for the show taken up and carried on upon this pre-
bench. I have seen birds of all kinds serve, and the birds reared will be liber-
here, but I was surprised when I found ated to stock not only the preserve but
the house martins in the cowsheds and other territory to which the birds may
stables ; there are dozens of nests in the migrate.

186

THE GAME BREEDER

Champion

Mississippi Sport

at Stud, Fee $30.00

Breed to a real bird dog with
brains, ambition and the best of
blood lines.

R. H. SIDWAY

147-153 W. Mohawk Street
Buffalo, N. Y.

JUk

BOOK ON

/ffijg^

DOG DISEASES

'v^L"

And How to Feed

America's

Pioneer

Dog Remedies

Mailed free to any address by
the Author

H. CLAY GLOVER CO., Inc.
118 West 31st Street, New York

rm ^l -■

^P^

BFjf \ ^CS6

TISHEL'S

FRANK

The Best in
Pointers

Puppies, Broken Dogs

and Brood Bitches, by

Champion Comanche

Frank, Fishel's Frank

and Champion Nicholas

Write me your wants, please.

U. R. FISHEL
Box 35 HOPE, IND.

The Amateur Trainer

By Ed. F. Haberlein

A practical trainer of over 30 years' experience, whose

system is np to date and stands nneqnaled.

New Edition Just Out. Illustrated.
A plain, practical and concise, yet thorough guide
in the art of training, handling and the correcting
of faults of the bird dos subservient to the gun
afield. Written especially for the novice, but
equally valuable to the experienced handler By
following the instructions plainly given, every
shooter possessed of a little common sense and
patience can train his own dogs to perfection.
Paper cover, $1.00; best full cloth binding and gold
embossed, $1.50. Address

THE GAME BREEDER, 150 Nassau Street, N. Y.

Good Quail Shooting* Near New York

I have under lease a most desirable Shooting area near New York City.
The Quail shooting now is very good and there are some Ruffed Grouse, Rabbits,
etc. This shooting can be made much better than it is provided more attention
be paid to the cats and other vermin. 1 wish to secure two or three guns to
share the expense. The ground is well known to the Editor of the Game Breeder
and I refer to him with his permission. For further particulars, address

DESIRABLE,

Care
of

The Game Breeder,

150 Nassau Street,
NEW YORK. .

THE GAME BREEDER

187

Land for Game Preserve and Country House
Near New York For Sale.

About three hundred acres on the Mianus River in Greenwich,
Conn., may be purchased at present for one thousand dollars per
acre. Suitable for a magnificent country house site, with sur-
rounding forest like that of English estates. A mile of beautiful
trout stream and a newly made lake of several acres on the place.
Owner will not divide the tract. Its peculiar value rests in the
combination of forest, cliffs and stream in a tract of this size so
near to New York and to the social centers of Greenwich and
Stamford.

Nothing similar can be purchased because nothing similar
remains so near to the city. It will naturally continue to in-
crease in value as a plain investment for this reason.

Deer and many other wild animals and birds now on the place-

Address Advertising Department, The Game Breeder,

150 Nassau Street, New York City.

Game Breeders' Supplies

WIRE-COOPS-TRAPS

Egg Turners, Egg Boxes for Shipping, Etc.

all Appliances for Game farms and Preserves

We have a new Pheasant Egg Box
especially suitable for State Game
Departments and Game Farms which
ship large numbers of eggs in small
quantities.

Write for Prices and Information.

F. T. OAKES,

ROOM 622,
THE SUN BUILDING, NEW YORK

More Game and Fewer Game Laws.

^pootsmanS
Handbook

I want to send a copy of my "Sports-
man's Handbook " and catalog to every
one who loves the Big Outdoors. It
is the most complete and interesting

Sporting Goods Catalog

I have ever written. It not only illustrates
and describes hundreds of articles for the
Camper, Fisherman, Hunter and Explorer,
but tells of my experience in the Silent Places.
There are pictures of game birds and animals,
and advice as to the selection of duffle, pitch-
ing a tent, caring for firearms, preparing
skins for the taxidermist, etc., etc.

Camping, Fishing, Hunting

There are chapters on where to camp, Fish
and Hunt ; what to take, what to wear, and
many "kinks" in wildcraft.
/ s r nd ' lh ; sbooi: free— mention No. 266
Powhatan Robinson, President

NewYorkSportingGoodsCo

15 and 17 Warren St.,NewYork,U.S.A. \7 S '

1.88

THE GAME BREEDER

sufficient importance to warrant exten-
sive fish cultural operations, but the
longer I have been engaged in this work
the more important it has appeared to me
from purely economic viewpoints. In
fact, as a servant of both state and fed-
eral governments,, without personally
sacrificing the aesthetic side, I have been
forced to see and preach the economic
side. This economic side applies just as
truly to game fishes as to the so-called
commercial fishes. If the busy man can
enjoy the sport and recreative benefits
of angling for game fishes near home,
he can indulge his taste more frequently
and avoid the fatigue of a long journey
to some distant camp with attendant
loss of time in travel and usual expense
of such a trip.

One does not have to travel far from
home to find waters suitable for such
game fishes as trout or black bass and
in the wilds of nature. Most country
estates have sufficient water supply to
feed an artificial pond and with few ex-
ceptions such water is suitable for either
trout or bass, or possibly landlocked
salmon. -,

In most instances the land which may
be most economically flowed is not par-
ticularly valuable or productive. When
there is no water flowing through one's
property it often happens that an adja-
cent stream may be tapped or at com-
paratively small expense diverted with
an intake so arranged that the maximum
desired volume of water may be ob-
tained in time of drought and regulated
in times of freshet. It may be conveyed
in an open ditch made to resemble a
natural brook or if the topographic con-
ditions prohibit this method, it may be
piped a whole or a part of the way.

If a natural stream is available
which is not subject to severe freshets,
one which has comparatively little vari-
ation- in flow, it may be meandered so as
to produce on a given area double or
treble the area of the original brook. The
contour of the land will govern as to the
amount of development of this sort. At
small expense a series of pools may be
constructed to resemble the natural pools
on a forest stream. By natural pools I
refer to those that are usually formed

by a fallen tree or a collection of debris
or possibly by a few picturesque moss-
clad boulders.

With the waters provided, the all im-
portant question to be decided is as to
the kind of fish which will best thrive in
them and produce the most food or
game fish and preferably both in one or
more species.

In the selection of a species best suit-
ed to the waters, maximum water tem-
perature in summer" and natural food
supply are the two most important fac-
tors to be considered. Water tempera-
ture has first consideration because it is
not practical to regulate the temperature
to any great extent. In the planning of
trout pools the area to which a trout
stream may be safely extended either by
meandering or in ponds is limited by the
volume of water supply, as it may be
effected by evaporation,, etc.

Some waters contain more natural
food. than others of the same tempera-
ture and the higher the temperature the
-more rapid is the growth of aquatic life
upon which fish feed as well as of the
fish inhabiting such waters. The maxi-
mum temperature at times of minimum
water supply determines whether the
waters are suitable for trout or other
salmonidae.

The natural conditions may often be
improved by the introduction of a judi-
cious selection of water plants on which
various forms of minute aquatic animals
live and breed, and these in turn furnish
fish food. Suitable plants also afford
refuge for the small fisehs against the
big ones.

I confess that I am an enthusiast on
the cultivation of waters .for the produc-
tion of suitable food and game fishes.
At the same time I do not advise anyone
to incur much expense in" the develop-
ment of fisheries along the lines here
suggested until a thorough investigation
has been made. The proportion of dis-
appointments and failures in the promo-
tion of fish cultural enterprises is per-
haps larger than in many lines of busi-
ness, involving no more capital.

Subscribe to The Game Breeder, $1.00
a year.

THE GAME BREEDER

189

WILD CELERY.

By W. L. McAtee.

VALUE AS DUCK FOOD.

The names wild celery (Vallisneria
spiralis) and canvasback duck have been
closely associated in the annals of Ameri-
can sport. - To a certain extent this asso-
ciation is justified, since the canvasback
obtains about one-fourth of its food from
this plant — a greater proportion than any
other duck. However, the assertion that
the flavor of the canvasback is superior
to that of any other duck and that it de-
pends on a diet of wild celery is not
proved, to say the least. The scaups or
bluebills and the redhead also are very
fond of wild celery, and are fully as
capable of getting the delicious buds as
the canvasback. Several other ducks get
more Or less of this food, the writer find-
ing that even the scoters on a Wisconsin
lake in fall lived almost exclusively on
it for the time. All parts of the plant
are eaten by ducks, but the tender winter
buds (fig. 6) and rootstocks are relished
best. Wild celery buds can usually be ob-
tained only by the diving ducks, such as
the bluebills, redhead, canvasback, and
scoters. The nondiving species, as the
mallard, black duck, baldpate and the
geese, get an occasional bud, but more
often they feed upon the leaves.

Description of Plant.

Wild celery (fig. 4) is a wholly sub-
merged plant with long, flexible, ribbon-
like leaves of light translucent green and
of practically the same width (anywhere
from one-fourth to three-fourths of an
inch) from root to tip. Of course the
leaves are narrowed near the tip and may
be somewhat serrate or wavy margined
there. But they are never expanded and
the venation is peculiar. A leaf held up to
the light displays numerous straight par-
allel fine veins running its whole length.
There are, besides, one median and two
lateral prominent veins connected at in-
tervals by irregular cross veinlets. (See
fig. 7.) Wild celery may be dis-
tinguished from eelgrass (Zoster a mar-

ina), which lives in brackish or salt
water, by the fact that its leaves grow in
bundles from the rootstocks, while those
of eelgrass arise singly and alternate on
opposite sides of the stem. Pipewort
(Eriocaulon), a fresh- water plant, often
having ribbon-like leaves', may be recog-
nized by the reticulation of the entire
leaf into small cells by veins of nearly
uniform size.

In certain stages some of the arrow-
heads (Sagittaria) are difficult to tell

Fig. 4.

from wild celery, though they usually
have the end of the leaf expanded into
a proper leaf blade or else quite pointed,
neither of which characteristics is to be
found in Vallisneria.

The flowers of wild celery, usually
seen in July, are peculiar. The stam-
inate flowers attached at the base of the
plants shed pollen, which floats on the
surface of the water and fertilizes the
pistillate flower. The latter is attached
to a long, slender, round stem, which

190

THE GAME BREEDER

GAME BIRDS

TOR PROPAGATING PURPOSES

Genuine Wild Mallards, Black Duck, Green- wing and Blue-
wing Teal, Pintails, Gadwalls, Shovellers, Wood Duck, Widgeon,
Red- heads, Blue-bills, also a few pairs of extra choice Canvas-backs
and Ring-bills; Canadian, Greater and Lesser Snow, Ross, Brant,
Hutchins, Cackling and Blue Geese, supplied for propagating
purposes. Finest quality in the country.

Golden, Silver, Amherst, Reeves Pheasants at reasonable prices.
1 also am booking orders for ring-neck Pheasants reared on my
preserve for delivery in early fall.

I also have rare land and waterfowl from all parts of the world.
Prices quoted for the asking.

JOHN HEYWOOD, Gardner, Mass.

Farms for the Propagation of Wild Fowl.

WILD DUCKS
MUST EAT

You can attract wild ducks and
other game, and propagate game and
fish more successfully, and at less
expense, by making natural feeding
grounds.

I develop natural feeding grounds
for game and fish on your preserve.

Planting material, including Sago
Pondweed, Wild Rice, Wild Celery,
Wapato and many others is properly
collected and shipped in season with
complete planting plans and instruc-
tions.

Write for free booklet/' Wild Duck Foods"

CLYDE B. TERRELL

Specialist on Natural Game and Fish Foods
Dept. P. OSHKOSH, WIS.

Portage Heights Game Farms

NORTH PORTAGE PATH

AKRON, OHIO

2000 Acres

Wild Turkeys

Ringnecked Pheasants

and Eggs

To successfully rear Wild Turkey

and Pheasants use

Germicide— #1.00 per gallon.

Also Breeders of German Shepherd
Police dogs.

J. R. GAMMETER,

AKRON, OHIO

In writing to advertisers please mention The Game Breeder or sign your letters: "Yours for More Game."

THE GAME BREEDER

11)1

PHEASANTS

RINGINECKS

GOLDEN REEVES

For Sale

in Large or Small Quantities

EGCS IN SEASON

SANDANONA PHEASANTRY

P. O. Box 101

Mlllbrook, Dutchess Co., New York

DUCKS WANTED

Anyone who can furnish us some Canvasback Duck
eggs next year will please write us quoting price.

CHILES & COMPANY, Mt Sterling, Ky.

PRAIRIE GROUSE WANTED

I wish to purchase six pair of prairie grouse, also a
ruffed grouse Will pay a good price for same. Ad-
dress READER, care Game Breeder, 150 Nassau St.,
New York.

Subscribe for The Game Breeder, only
il a year.

IF you desire birds for shooting or
to place in their aviaries for rear-
ing next year, now is the time to
buy. Do not wait until midwinter
and then have the prices advance on
you like they did last year.

We can make immediate delivery
on Silver, Golden, Ringneck, Lady
Amherst, Reeves, Elliott, Mongolian,
Swinhoe, Versicolor, Impeyan, Man-
churian Eared, Peacock, Melanotus
and Tragopan Cabot Pheasants. We
can also furnish either mature or young
Wild Turkeys. Also pure Wild Mai-
lards. Also Japanese Silkies and
Longtails, Blue.White, Pied, Japanned
and Specifier Peafowl, as well as nu-
merous varieties of fancy and other
ducks.

Send thirty cents in stamps for
colortgpe catalogue of pheas-
ants and how to rear. . . .

CHILES & COMPANY

MT. STERLING KENTUCKY

WILD TURKEYS

FOR SALE

These Are True Wild Turkeys

Now is the time to order your breeders
for next year, before they are all sold.

Will also have Eggs for sale next Spring
Write for Prices and Information

JOHNSON a SUND

BLABON, NORTH DAKOTA

Wild Duck Foods

SAGO POND WEED AND OTHERS

We also ship wild celery roots and
seeds. Chara, Widgeon grass roots, Red
head grass and Wild rice roots. We will
not ship Wild rice seed.

JASPER B. WHITE

WATERLILY, CURRITUCK SOUND, N. C.

192 THE GAME BREEDER

PHEASANTS, DUCKS AND EGGS

Deer And Other Live Game

FOR SALE, a superb lot of Golden, Silver and Amherst pheasants just
right for breeding this spring and summer.

I am now booking orders for eggs of the following varieties: Mon-
golian, Ringneck, Chinese, Golden, Silver, Amherst and Reeves.

Wood Duck, Mallard and Gray Call Duck eggs.

All the eggs I ship are guaranteed to be from non-related, pure
bred, strong, healthy birds, correctly mated; all eggs are guaranteed not to
be over three days old when they leave my farm.

I also manufacture a full line of special foods for the successful raising
of young pheasants and wild water fowl, also for feeding the old birds
all the year 'round ; write for prices.

WALLACE EVANS GAME FARM, ST. CHARLES, ILL.

Largest and most successful breeders of pheasants,
wild water fowl, deer, etc., in the world.

STONY LONESOME GAME EARM

Mallard Ducks and
Mongolian Pheasants

We offer for immediate delivery (limited number) of

Mallard Ducks and Mongolian Pheasants

and will take orders for eggs, delivery in the spring.

ADDRESS

129 Front Street, New York City,

or JOHN FOSTER, West Hartland, Connecticut

In writing to advertisers please mention The Game Breeder or sign your letters: "Yours for More Game.'

Mackensen Game Park

I carry the largest stock in America of live
game birds, ornamental birds and quadrupeds.

Hungarian Partridges

I am prepared to fill the largest orders
for these birds and for years I have filled
practically all of the large State orders for both
: u?°V->^^ : Partridges and Pheasants.

Pheasants

My Pheasant pens hold thousands of
Pheasants and I am prepared to furnish
these birds in large numbers to State de-
partments, individual breeders and preserves.

Wild Duck

Mallards, Black Duck, Teal, Wood Duck, Pintails and other species

can be supplied in large numbers at at-
tractive prices. Also Mandarins and all
other water fowl.

Wild Turkeys

I am now the largest breeder and
dealer in Wild Turkeys and can supply
these birds in good numbers to State
Departments and preserve owners.

I carry the largest stock in America of ornamental birds and animals. My ponds now contain nearly 200 best
Royal Swans of Kngland. I have fine lot of the beautiful pink FLAMINGOES and the very large European
PELICANS. Also STORKS, CRANES. PEAFOWL, fancy GEESE and DUCKS. My pheasant pens contain over
a thousand Ringneck and fancy PHEASANTS. All stock is kept under practically natural conditions. I have 60 acres
of land entirely devoted to my business. Can also promptly furnish BUFFALOES, DEER, LLAMAS, RABBITS, etc.

Orders booked during summer.

I have for years filled practically all the large State Orders and have better
facilities for handling large orders than any other firm.

Write me before buying elsewhere— it will pay you to do so. Your visit solicited.
I am only <!0 miles from New York and 30 miles from Philadelphia.

Department V.

WM. J. MACKENSEN

YARDLEY, BUCKS COUNTY, PA.

Spratt's Game-Rearing Adjuncts

ARE INDISPENSABLE YET INEXPENSIVE

Spratt's Cardiac Spratfs Bone Meal

"GAME SPICE" EOR GAME

Contains valuable stimulating and Is an invaluable adjunct to the soft
appetizing properties and should be food diet. It contains valuable lime-
added to staple food during raw and phosphates and is much cheaper than
inclement weather, as it frequently fresh Bone, which contains at least
wards off attacks of Gapes, Diar- 50% moisture and which of neces-
rhoea and Cramps. sity has to be given quite fresh.

Beware of Gapes. Prevention is better than cure.

Spratfs Blackerite

is the most effective yet agreeable method of completely
eradicating this disease.

Fine feathers make fine birds.

Spratfs Partridge Meal

makes both.

Success in raising semi-wild birds can only be attained by care and ex-
perience. Correct feeding is half the battle. We supply the right kind of
ammunition and you will get results if you follow directions.

Send for " Pheasant Culture," price 25c. " Poultry Culture " sent on receipt of 1 0c.
"Dog Culture" sent on receipt of 2c stamp.

SPRATT'S PATENT LIMITED

NEWARK, IN. J.